These Elkhorn corals (Acropora palmata) near Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands have died and collapsed into rubble. As coral reef structure degrades, valuable habitat for marine life is lost and nearby coastlines become more susceptible to storms, waves and erosion.
Curt Storlazzi, PhD
My interests span the coastal zone, from coastal erosional processes to sediment dynamics in the shallow coastal ocean. My research focuses on the quantitative study of hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and geomorphology in coastal and marine environments.
Current Research Topics
- Coral reef morphology, hydrodynamics, and sediment, nutrient, contaminant, and larval transport
- The role of coral reefs and other coastal ecosystems in coastal hazard risk reduction
- The interplay between geologic structure, climatic fluctuations, and coastal processes
- High-resolution oceanographic instrumentation and coastal mapping techniques
The role of coral reefs in tropical coastal hazard risk reduction
The restoration of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, decreases the exposure of coastal communities to flooding hazards. We developed an integrated modeling system composed of oceanographic, coastal engineering, ecologic, geospatial, social, and economic tools and data to provide a rigorous valuation of where coral reef restoration could decrease the coastal flooding hazards faced in reef-fronted coastal communities. We follow risk-based valuation approaches to quantify the coastal flood risk reduction using information from the U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency, and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. These data provide stakeholders and decision-makers with spatially explicit, rigorous valuation of how, where, when, and to whom coral reef restoration will increase critical coastal storm flood reduction benefits and has led to federal, state, and territorial actions to declare their coral reefs as natural infrastructure worthy of pre-disaster mitigation or post-disaster recovery funding. The overall goal is to ultimately reduce the risk to, and increase the resiliency of, the Nation’s tropical coastal communities while boosting their economies through tourism, fisheries, and recreational activities.
See: The Value of U.S. Coral Reefs for Risk Reduction (links below)
The influence of geophysical processes on coral reef ecosystems
Many tropical coastal environments have been impacted by development, nutrient and contaminant delivery, and natural and human-induced sedimentation. The high geomorphic and hydrodynamic complexity both within and between coral reefs, in conjunction with past technical restrictions, has limited our understanding of the nature of flow and the resulting flux of physical, chemical, and biologic material in these ecosystems. Understanding the physical controls on the timing and magnitude of flow and sediment, larvae, nutrient, and contaminant transport, along with their impact on seafloor geomorphology, stability, and sedimentation in these refugia are essential to assessing modern anthropogenic impacts on these ecosystems and help guide how to best protect and preserve these valuable ecosystems that provide billions of dollars per year to the Nation’s economy.
See: Coral Reef Project (links below)
Professional Experience
2002-present: Research Geologist, USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
2023-present: Adjunct Professor, University of California at Santa Cruz, Ocean Sciences Department
2002-2023: Research Associate, University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Marine Sciences
Education and Certifications
2002-2004: Research Fellow, Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans Consortium
2000-2002: Post-doctoral Researcher, University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Marine Sciences
2000: Ph.D., University of California at Santa Cruz, Earth Sciences Department
1996: B.Sc., University of Delaware, Geology Department
Science and Products
Using Video Imagery to Study Wave Dynamics: Tres Palmas
Quantifying Flood Risk and Reef Risk Reduction Benefits in Florida and Puerto Rico: The Consequences of Hurricane Damage, Long-term Degradation, and Restoration Opportunities
The Value of U.S. Coral Reefs for Risk Reduction The Value of U.S. Coral Reefs for Risk Reduction
Coral Reef Project: Kauaʻi
Coral Reef Project: Puerto Rico
Coral Reef Project: Oʻahu
Coral Reef Project: Guam
Coral Reef Project: Hawaiʻi
Coral Reef Project: Lānaʻi
Coral Reef Project: Kahoʻolawe
Coral Reef Project: Tutuila
A Prioritization Plan for Coastal Wetland Restoration on Moloka‘i
Metals and PAHs in watershed soil and reef sediment at Olowalu and leeward Maui, February 2022 Metals and PAHs in watershed soil and reef sediment at Olowalu and leeward Maui, February 2022
Projected coastal flooding extents and depths for 1-, 20-, and 100-year return interval storms and 0.00, +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands (ver. 2.0, September Projected coastal flooding extents and depths for 1-, 20-, and 100-year return interval storms and 0.00, +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands (ver. 2.0, September
OpenFOAM models of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii OpenFOAM models of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii
3D bathymetric surfaces of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai 3D bathymetric surfaces of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai
Model parameter input files to compare effects of stream discharge scenarios on sediment deposition and concentrations around coral reefs off west Maui, Hawaii Model parameter input files to compare effects of stream discharge scenarios on sediment deposition and concentrations around coral reefs off west Maui, Hawaii
Model parameter input files to compare the influence of coral reef carbonate budgets on alongshore variations in wave-driven total water levels on Buck Island Reef National Monument Model parameter input files to compare the influence of coral reef carbonate budgets on alongshore variations in wave-driven total water levels on Buck Island Reef National Monument
Time-series data of water surface elevation, waves, currents, temperature, and turbidity collected between November 2017 and March 2018 off the west coast of Maui, Hawaii, USA Time-series data of water surface elevation, waves, currents, temperature, and turbidity collected between November 2017 and March 2018 off the west coast of Maui, Hawaii, USA
Hydrographic and sediment field data collected in the vicinity of Wainwright, Alaska, in 2009 Hydrographic and sediment field data collected in the vicinity of Wainwright, Alaska, in 2009
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products measured in passive samplers at seven coastal sites off West Maui during February and March 2017 Pharmaceuticals and personal care products measured in passive samplers at seven coastal sites off West Maui during February and March 2017
National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Puerto Rico National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Puerto Rico
Ocean wave time-series data simulated with a global-scale numerical wave model under the influence of historical and projected CMIP6 wind and sea ice fields (ver. 2.0, October 2024) Ocean wave time-series data simulated with a global-scale numerical wave model under the influence of historical and projected CMIP6 wind and sea ice fields (ver. 2.0, October 2024)
Model parameter input files to compare the influence of channels in fringing coral reefs on alongshore variations in wave-driven runup along the shoreline Model parameter input files to compare the influence of channels in fringing coral reefs on alongshore variations in wave-driven runup along the shoreline
These Elkhorn corals (Acropora palmata) near Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands have died and collapsed into rubble. As coral reef structure degrades, valuable habitat for marine life is lost and nearby coastlines become more susceptible to storms, waves and erosion.
Coral reefs, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands
Coral reefs, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall IslandsUnderwater image of a wave breaking over a coral reef on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. This image shows how the high hydrodynamic roughness of live, healthy corals causes friction that induces breaking of waves over coral reefs, reducing wave energy at the shoreline that can cause flooding and island overwash.
Coral reefs, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands
Coral reefs, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall IslandsUnderwater image of a wave breaking over a coral reef on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. This image shows how the high hydrodynamic roughness of live, healthy corals causes friction that induces breaking of waves over coral reefs, reducing wave energy at the shoreline that can cause flooding and island overwash.
A restored coral reef off Kota Kinabalu, Borneo, showing a mix of both concrete “Reef Balls” to rebuild reef topographic complexity and a variety of out-planted natural corals to increase coral coverage and species diversity.
A restored coral reef off Kota Kinabalu, Borneo, showing a mix of both concrete “Reef Balls” to rebuild reef topographic complexity and a variety of out-planted natural corals to increase coral coverage and species diversity.
Installing oceanographic monitoring instrumentation on the seafloor
Installing oceanographic monitoring instrumentation on the seafloorUSGS research geologist Curt Storlazzi installs an instrument package on the seafloor of Maunalua Bay, Oʻahu. The platform, called a MiniPROBE, hosts six upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP), seven conductivity and temperature (CT) sensors, and eight self-logging optical backscatter sensors (SLOBS).
Installing oceanographic monitoring instrumentation on the seafloor
Installing oceanographic monitoring instrumentation on the seafloorUSGS research geologist Curt Storlazzi installs an instrument package on the seafloor of Maunalua Bay, Oʻahu. The platform, called a MiniPROBE, hosts six upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP), seven conductivity and temperature (CT) sensors, and eight self-logging optical backscatter sensors (SLOBS).
Underwater photograph of Tumon Bay Marine Reserve, Guam, showing some of the amazing biologic diversity of coral reefs.
Underwater photograph of Tumon Bay Marine Reserve, Guam, showing some of the amazing biologic diversity of coral reefs.
Underwater photo of a stressed coral mound in Tumon Bay Marine Preserve in Guam.
Underwater photo of a stressed coral mound in Tumon Bay Marine Preserve in Guam.
Large-scale poster describing USGS work.
Underwater photograph of larvae being released into the water column from reef-building coral spawning off Maui the night of June 30, 2003. The white larvae are about 0.5 to 1.5 mm across.
Underwater photograph of larvae being released into the water column from reef-building coral spawning off Maui the night of June 30, 2003. The white larvae are about 0.5 to 1.5 mm across.
Rapid simulation of wave runup on morphologically diverse, reef-lined coasts with the BEWARE-2 (Broad-range Estimator of Wave Attack in Reef Environments) meta-process model Rapid simulation of wave runup on morphologically diverse, reef-lined coasts with the BEWARE-2 (Broad-range Estimator of Wave Attack in Reef Environments) meta-process model
Shifting sands: The influence of coral reefs on shoreline erosion from short-term storm protection to long-term disequilibrium Shifting sands: The influence of coral reefs on shoreline erosion from short-term storm protection to long-term disequilibrium
Wave runup and total water level observations from time series imagery at several sites with varying nearshore morphologies Wave runup and total water level observations from time series imagery at several sites with varying nearshore morphologies
Quantifying the coastal hazard risk reduction benefits of coral reef restoration in the U.S. Virgin Islands Quantifying the coastal hazard risk reduction benefits of coral reef restoration in the U.S. Virgin Islands
Evidence on the ecological and physical effects of built structures in shallow, tropical coral reefs: A systematic map Evidence on the ecological and physical effects of built structures in shallow, tropical coral reefs: A systematic map
Improved efficient physics-based computational modeling of regional wave-driven coastal flooding for reef-lined coastlines Improved efficient physics-based computational modeling of regional wave-driven coastal flooding for reef-lined coastlines
Physics-based satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) using Landsat OLI images Physics-based satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) using Landsat OLI images
Forecasting storm-induced coastal flooding for 21st century sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands Forecasting storm-induced coastal flooding for 21st century sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands
Extreme low-frequency waves on the Ofu, American Samoa, reef flat Extreme low-frequency waves on the Ofu, American Samoa, reef flat
What evidence exists on the ecological and physical effects of built structures in shallow, tropical coral reefs? A systematic map protocol What evidence exists on the ecological and physical effects of built structures in shallow, tropical coral reefs? A systematic map protocol
SaTSeaD: Satellite Triangulated Sea Depth open-source bathymetry module for NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline SaTSeaD: Satellite Triangulated Sea Depth open-source bathymetry module for NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline
Combining field observations and high-resolution numerical modeling to demonstrate the effect of coral reef roughness on turbulence and its implications for reef restoration design Combining field observations and high-resolution numerical modeling to demonstrate the effect of coral reef roughness on turbulence and its implications for reef restoration design
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
Using Video Imagery to Study Wave Dynamics: Tres Palmas
Quantifying Flood Risk and Reef Risk Reduction Benefits in Florida and Puerto Rico: The Consequences of Hurricane Damage, Long-term Degradation, and Restoration Opportunities
The Value of U.S. Coral Reefs for Risk Reduction The Value of U.S. Coral Reefs for Risk Reduction
Coral Reef Project: Kauaʻi
Coral Reef Project: Puerto Rico
Coral Reef Project: Oʻahu
Coral Reef Project: Guam
Coral Reef Project: Hawaiʻi
Coral Reef Project: Lānaʻi
Coral Reef Project: Kahoʻolawe
Coral Reef Project: Tutuila
A Prioritization Plan for Coastal Wetland Restoration on Moloka‘i
Metals and PAHs in watershed soil and reef sediment at Olowalu and leeward Maui, February 2022 Metals and PAHs in watershed soil and reef sediment at Olowalu and leeward Maui, February 2022
Projected coastal flooding extents and depths for 1-, 20-, and 100-year return interval storms and 0.00, +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands (ver. 2.0, September Projected coastal flooding extents and depths for 1-, 20-, and 100-year return interval storms and 0.00, +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands (ver. 2.0, September
OpenFOAM models of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii OpenFOAM models of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii
3D bathymetric surfaces of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai 3D bathymetric surfaces of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai
Model parameter input files to compare effects of stream discharge scenarios on sediment deposition and concentrations around coral reefs off west Maui, Hawaii Model parameter input files to compare effects of stream discharge scenarios on sediment deposition and concentrations around coral reefs off west Maui, Hawaii
Model parameter input files to compare the influence of coral reef carbonate budgets on alongshore variations in wave-driven total water levels on Buck Island Reef National Monument Model parameter input files to compare the influence of coral reef carbonate budgets on alongshore variations in wave-driven total water levels on Buck Island Reef National Monument
Time-series data of water surface elevation, waves, currents, temperature, and turbidity collected between November 2017 and March 2018 off the west coast of Maui, Hawaii, USA Time-series data of water surface elevation, waves, currents, temperature, and turbidity collected between November 2017 and March 2018 off the west coast of Maui, Hawaii, USA
Hydrographic and sediment field data collected in the vicinity of Wainwright, Alaska, in 2009 Hydrographic and sediment field data collected in the vicinity of Wainwright, Alaska, in 2009
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products measured in passive samplers at seven coastal sites off West Maui during February and March 2017 Pharmaceuticals and personal care products measured in passive samplers at seven coastal sites off West Maui during February and March 2017
National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Puerto Rico National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Puerto Rico
Ocean wave time-series data simulated with a global-scale numerical wave model under the influence of historical and projected CMIP6 wind and sea ice fields (ver. 2.0, October 2024) Ocean wave time-series data simulated with a global-scale numerical wave model under the influence of historical and projected CMIP6 wind and sea ice fields (ver. 2.0, October 2024)
Model parameter input files to compare the influence of channels in fringing coral reefs on alongshore variations in wave-driven runup along the shoreline Model parameter input files to compare the influence of channels in fringing coral reefs on alongshore variations in wave-driven runup along the shoreline
These Elkhorn corals (Acropora palmata) near Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands have died and collapsed into rubble. As coral reef structure degrades, valuable habitat for marine life is lost and nearby coastlines become more susceptible to storms, waves and erosion.
These Elkhorn corals (Acropora palmata) near Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands have died and collapsed into rubble. As coral reef structure degrades, valuable habitat for marine life is lost and nearby coastlines become more susceptible to storms, waves and erosion.
Coral reefs, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands
Coral reefs, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall IslandsUnderwater image of a wave breaking over a coral reef on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. This image shows how the high hydrodynamic roughness of live, healthy corals causes friction that induces breaking of waves over coral reefs, reducing wave energy at the shoreline that can cause flooding and island overwash.
Coral reefs, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands
Coral reefs, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall IslandsUnderwater image of a wave breaking over a coral reef on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. This image shows how the high hydrodynamic roughness of live, healthy corals causes friction that induces breaking of waves over coral reefs, reducing wave energy at the shoreline that can cause flooding and island overwash.
A restored coral reef off Kota Kinabalu, Borneo, showing a mix of both concrete “Reef Balls” to rebuild reef topographic complexity and a variety of out-planted natural corals to increase coral coverage and species diversity.
A restored coral reef off Kota Kinabalu, Borneo, showing a mix of both concrete “Reef Balls” to rebuild reef topographic complexity and a variety of out-planted natural corals to increase coral coverage and species diversity.
Installing oceanographic monitoring instrumentation on the seafloor
Installing oceanographic monitoring instrumentation on the seafloorUSGS research geologist Curt Storlazzi installs an instrument package on the seafloor of Maunalua Bay, Oʻahu. The platform, called a MiniPROBE, hosts six upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP), seven conductivity and temperature (CT) sensors, and eight self-logging optical backscatter sensors (SLOBS).
Installing oceanographic monitoring instrumentation on the seafloor
Installing oceanographic monitoring instrumentation on the seafloorUSGS research geologist Curt Storlazzi installs an instrument package on the seafloor of Maunalua Bay, Oʻahu. The platform, called a MiniPROBE, hosts six upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP), seven conductivity and temperature (CT) sensors, and eight self-logging optical backscatter sensors (SLOBS).
Underwater photograph of Tumon Bay Marine Reserve, Guam, showing some of the amazing biologic diversity of coral reefs.
Underwater photograph of Tumon Bay Marine Reserve, Guam, showing some of the amazing biologic diversity of coral reefs.
Underwater photo of a stressed coral mound in Tumon Bay Marine Preserve in Guam.
Underwater photo of a stressed coral mound in Tumon Bay Marine Preserve in Guam.
Large-scale poster describing USGS work.
Underwater photograph of larvae being released into the water column from reef-building coral spawning off Maui the night of June 30, 2003. The white larvae are about 0.5 to 1.5 mm across.
Underwater photograph of larvae being released into the water column from reef-building coral spawning off Maui the night of June 30, 2003. The white larvae are about 0.5 to 1.5 mm across.
Rapid simulation of wave runup on morphologically diverse, reef-lined coasts with the BEWARE-2 (Broad-range Estimator of Wave Attack in Reef Environments) meta-process model Rapid simulation of wave runup on morphologically diverse, reef-lined coasts with the BEWARE-2 (Broad-range Estimator of Wave Attack in Reef Environments) meta-process model
Shifting sands: The influence of coral reefs on shoreline erosion from short-term storm protection to long-term disequilibrium Shifting sands: The influence of coral reefs on shoreline erosion from short-term storm protection to long-term disequilibrium
Wave runup and total water level observations from time series imagery at several sites with varying nearshore morphologies Wave runup and total water level observations from time series imagery at several sites with varying nearshore morphologies
Quantifying the coastal hazard risk reduction benefits of coral reef restoration in the U.S. Virgin Islands Quantifying the coastal hazard risk reduction benefits of coral reef restoration in the U.S. Virgin Islands
Evidence on the ecological and physical effects of built structures in shallow, tropical coral reefs: A systematic map Evidence on the ecological and physical effects of built structures in shallow, tropical coral reefs: A systematic map
Improved efficient physics-based computational modeling of regional wave-driven coastal flooding for reef-lined coastlines Improved efficient physics-based computational modeling of regional wave-driven coastal flooding for reef-lined coastlines
Physics-based satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) using Landsat OLI images Physics-based satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) using Landsat OLI images
Forecasting storm-induced coastal flooding for 21st century sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands Forecasting storm-induced coastal flooding for 21st century sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands
Extreme low-frequency waves on the Ofu, American Samoa, reef flat Extreme low-frequency waves on the Ofu, American Samoa, reef flat
What evidence exists on the ecological and physical effects of built structures in shallow, tropical coral reefs? A systematic map protocol What evidence exists on the ecological and physical effects of built structures in shallow, tropical coral reefs? A systematic map protocol
SaTSeaD: Satellite Triangulated Sea Depth open-source bathymetry module for NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline SaTSeaD: Satellite Triangulated Sea Depth open-source bathymetry module for NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline
Combining field observations and high-resolution numerical modeling to demonstrate the effect of coral reef roughness on turbulence and its implications for reef restoration design Combining field observations and high-resolution numerical modeling to demonstrate the effect of coral reef roughness on turbulence and its implications for reef restoration design
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.