Dale Robertson is a Research Hydrologist with the Upper Midwest Water Science Center.
Dale is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Michigan Technological University, and University of Toledo, and a Honorary Fellow with the Center for Limnology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His current research with the USGS deals with modeling eutrophication and mixing in lakes, estimating loads and concentrations of nutrients and sediment in streams over large geographic areas, such as the Great Lakes and Mississippi River Basins, developing nutrient criteria for streams and rivers, and examining the effects of climate change on the physical dynamics, ice cover, and productivity of lakes.
AREAS OF EXPERTISE
- Biogeochemistry - Hydrology/Limnology
- Eutrophication - Nutrient Transport and Fate
- Limnology
- Water-quality modeling in Lakes
- Watershed modeling (SPARROW)
- Influence of environmental factors, watershed management strategies, and in-lake management alternatives on the water quality of rivers and lakes
- Climate Change - Ice as climatic indicators
- Regional loading estimates
Education and Certifications
Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, in Reservoir Modeling - Centre for Water Research, University of Western Australia, Perth. 1989-1991.
Ph.D Oceanography and Limnology - University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Dissertation: "The Use of Lake Water Temperature and Ice Cover as Climatic Indicators", 1984-1989.
M.S. Oceanography and Limnology-University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Thesis:"Interbasin Separation and Its Impact on the Annual Heat Budgets of the Individual Basins in Trout Lake, Wisconsin," 1981-1984.
B.S. Biology, Chemistry, and Mathematics - St. Norbert College, DePere, Wisconsin, 1976-1981.
Science and Products
Lake monitoring and research
SPARROW modeling: Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Ohio River, and Red River Basins
Green Lake and its tributaries: Water quality and hydrology
Delavan Lake: Hydrology, water quality, and biology
Geneva Lake: Water quality, hydrology, and biology
Water quality of the lower Fox River tributaries and Duck Creek watersheds
SPARROW nutrient modeling: Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)
SPARROW nutrient modeling: Binational (US/Canada) models
SPARROW modeling: Estimating nutrient, sediment, and dissolved solids transport
Winnebago pool lakes: Hydrology, water quality, and response to simulated changes in phosphorus loading
Little St. Germain Lake: Phosphorus loading, winter anoxia, and stage regulation
Anvil Lake: Response of lake water quality to changes in nutrient loading, with special emphasis on the effects of changes in water level
Phosphorus, nitrogen, and suspended-sediment loads measured at the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative tributary monitoring network: Water years 2011–2020
Total phosphorus loads estimated from tributaries and direct drainages to the Great Lakes during 2012-2018 using the model load ratio approach and the unit area load approach
Regression and load estimates for the tributary nutrient and sediment monitoring program on the Great Lakes, 2011-2013
Eutrophication models to simulate changes in the water quality of Green Lake, Wisconsin in response to changes in phosphorus loading, with supporting water-quality data for the lake, its tributaries, and atmospheric deposition
Nutrient Load Data used to Quantify Regional Effects of Agricultural Best Management Practices: An application of the 2012 SPARROW models for the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast United States
Long-term mean annual total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads estimated using Fluxmaster 5-parameter models and detrended to 2012, Midwest Region of the United States, 1999-2014
SPARROW model inputs and simulated streamflow, nutrient and suspended-sediment loads in streams of the Midwestern United States, 2012 Base Year
Water-quality and streamflow datasets used for estimating long-term mean daily streamflow and annual loads to be considered for use in regional streamflow, nutrient and sediment SPARROW models, United States, 1999-2014
Eutrophication water-quality models and supporting water-quality and phosphorus load data used to simulate changes in the water quality of the Winnebago Pool Lakes, Wisconsin, in response to change in phosphorus loading
Water-quality and streamflow datasets used for estimating loads considered for use in the 2002 Midcontinent nutrient SPARROW models, United States and Canada, 1970-2012
Response in the water quality of Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, to changes in phosphorus loading—Setting new goals for loading from its drainage basin
Assessment of conservation management practices on water quality and observed trends in the Plum Creek Basin, 2010–20
Agricultural conservation practices could help offset climate change impacts on cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie
Water-quality improvement of an agricultural watershed marsh after macrophyte establishment and point-source reduction
An extrapolation method for estimating loads from unmonitored areas using watershed model load ratios
Long-term ice phenology records spanning up to 578 years for 78 lakes around the Northern Hemisphere
A framework for ensemble modelling of climate change impacts on lakes worldwide: The ISIMIP lake sector.
Hydrological cycle and water budgets
Temperature explains the formation of a metalimnetic oxygen minimum in a deep mesotrophic lake
Response of Green Lake, Wisconsin, to changes in phosphorus loading, with special emphasis on near-surface total phosphorus concentrations and metalimnetic dissolved oxygen minima
Quantifying regional effects of best management practices on nutrient losses from agricultural lands
Response in the water level of Anvil Lake, Wisconsin, to changes in meteorological and climatic changes, Wisconsin
Red–Assiniboine River Basin (RARB) SPARROW Mapper, 2002
This mapper displays SPARROW nutrient load and yield data and the importance of various nutrient sources for the RARB, given nutrient inputs similar to 2002. Rankings can be shown by country, state/province, HUC4, HUC8, and catchment. Nutrient data can be explored using maps and interactive graphs and tables. Modeling results can be exported as an Excel spreadsheet or a geospatial dataset.
Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, Red River Basins (MRB3) SPARROW Mapper, 2002
This mapper displays SPARROW nutrient load and yield data and the importance of various nutrient sources for the MRB3, given nutrient inputs similar to 2002. Rankings can be shown by major watershed, state, HUC8, tributary, and catchment. Nutrient data can be explored using maps and interactive graphs and tables. Modeling results can be exported as an Excel spreadsheet or a geospatial dataset.
Yellowstone River SPARROW Mapper, 2002
This mapper displays SPARROW nutrient load and yield data specifically for the Yellowstone River. The results are based on the SPARROW models developed for the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). Modeling results can be exported as an Excel spreadsheet or a geospatial dataset.
Science and Products
- Science
Filter Total Items: 14
Lake monitoring and research
Studying lakes provides an improved understanding of lake ecosystem dynamics and valuable information that helps lead to sound lake-management policies. The USGS collects hydrologic data in lake settings, studies water and nutrient budget development, conducts source-loading analysis, explores groundwater interactions, and performs lake water-quality modeling.SPARROW modeling: Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Ohio River, and Red River Basins
SPARROW models for the Great Lakes, Ohio River, Upper Mississippi River, and Red River Basins predict long-term mean annual loads, yields, concentrations, and source contributions of water, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment throughout the Midwest.Green Lake and its tributaries: Water quality and hydrology
Green Lake is the deepest natural inland lake in Wisconsin. Through time its water quality has degraded, with relatively high phosphorus concentrations and zones of hypoxia. This project is quantifying the water quality of the lake and its tributaries, and it will provide information to help guide efforts to improve the lake.Delavan Lake: Hydrology, water quality, and biology
Eutrophication of Delavan Lake accelerated from the 1940s to 1980s, resulting in a hypereutrophic lake with severe blue-green algae blooms. Extensive rehabilitation efforts were implemented to improve water quality. The USGS measured nutrients, suspended sediment, water quality, and plankton populations to quantify the effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts and guide future management decisions.Geneva Lake: Water quality, hydrology, and biology
To reduce the impact of increasing urban development and recreational use on Geneva Lake, efforts are being made to decrease point- and nonpoint-source pollution inputs. To document Geneva Lake's water quality, the USGS collected water-quality data and developed empirical eutrophication models to demonstrate that reductions in phosphorus loading were related to water-quality improvements.Water quality of the lower Fox River tributaries and Duck Creek watersheds
The USGS is evaluating the effectiveness of non-point pollution control measures in five watersheds in the Lower Fox River and Duck Creek watersheds and comparing daily phosphorus and suspended solids loads for each watershed.SPARROW nutrient modeling: Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)
SPARROW models for the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin(MARB) predict long-term average loads, concentrations, yields, and source contributions of water, nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment to the Gulf of Mexico.SPARROW nutrient modeling: Binational (US/Canada) models
SPARROW phosphorus and nitrogen models are being developed for the entire Great Lakes Basin and the Upper Midwest part of the U.S., and the Red and Assiniboine River Basin, as part of a Binational project between the USGS and the International Joint Commission (IJC) and National Research Council (NRC) of Canada.SPARROW modeling: Estimating nutrient, sediment, and dissolved solids transport
SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) models estimate the amount of a contaminant transported from inland watersheds to larger water bodies by linking monitoring data with information on watershed characteristics and contaminant sources. Interactive, online SPARROW mapping tools allow for easy access to explore relations between human activities, natural processes, and...Winnebago pool lakes: Hydrology, water quality, and response to simulated changes in phosphorus loading
The Winnebago Pool Lakes are shallow, productive drainage lakes that have accumulated nutrients from its mixed agricultural/forest watershed and from the Fox River. High phosphorus concentrations often result in severe blue-green algae blooms that can produce harmful toxins. The USGS is evaluating the water quality and phosphorus budget of each lake and modeling eutrophication responses.Little St. Germain Lake: Phosphorus loading, winter anoxia, and stage regulation
Little St. Germain Lake, Wis., consists of four main basins separated by narrows. This study monitored lake water quality, identified phosphorus sources, determined spatial and temporal distribution of oxygen, evaluated the effectiveness of winter aeration systems, and modeled groundwater/lake-water interactions.Anvil Lake: Response of lake water quality to changes in nutrient loading, with special emphasis on the effects of changes in water level
Anvil Lake is a relatively shallow, high-quality lake whose water level has dropped dramatically in recent years, adversely affecting the recreational and aesthetic values of the lake. The USGS is developing detailed water and phosphorus budgets, determining groundwater contributions, modeling likely responses to changes in phosphorus loading, and assessing the effect of climate on water quality. - Data
Phosphorus, nitrogen, and suspended-sediment loads measured at the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative tributary monitoring network: Water years 2011–2020
Phosphorus, nitrogen, and suspended-sediment loads, in 24 U.S. tributaries of the Great Lakes, were calculated using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) monitoring program for the period Oct 2010 through Sept 2020 (USGS water years 2011–2020). Total phosphorus, orthophosphate, particulate phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate plus nitrite, ammonium pTotal phosphorus loads estimated from tributaries and direct drainages to the Great Lakes during 2012-2018 using the model load ratio approach and the unit area load approach
In this data release, we provide the data used to compute total annual phosphorus loads from tributaries and direct drainages to the Great Lakes during 2012-18 using the model load ratio approach and the unit area load approach and the resulting annual loads for 2012–18. This data release consists of: (1) measured loads at 24 sites, computed using the surrogate regression approach (Robertson et alRegression and load estimates for the tributary nutrient and sediment monitoring program on the Great Lakes, 2011-2013
Nutrient and sediment regression information (diagnostics and coefficients) and estimated load data from 30 tributaries to the Great Lakes, beginning of the program (water year 2011) to water year 2013.Eutrophication models to simulate changes in the water quality of Green Lake, Wisconsin in response to changes in phosphorus loading, with supporting water-quality data for the lake, its tributaries, and atmospheric deposition
In this data release, we provide data to describe the water quality in Green Lake, Wisconsin, from 1905 to 2020, primarily the constituents for which it is impaired, including near-surface total phosphorus concentrations and metalimnetic dissolved oxygen concentrations, and quantify the water and phosphorus inputs to the lake. We also provide inputs to and outputs from the General Lake Model couplNutrient Load Data used to Quantify Regional Effects of Agricultural Best Management Practices: An application of the 2012 SPARROW models for the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast United States
Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agricultural areas have impacted the water quality of downstream rivers, lakes, and oceans. As a result, investment in the adoption of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) has grown but assessments of their effectiveness at large spatial scales have been sparse. This study applies regional Spatially Referenced Regression On Watershed-attributes (SPARROWLong-term mean annual total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads estimated using Fluxmaster 5-parameter models and detrended to 2012, Midwest Region of the United States, 1999-2014
This USGS data release contains long-term mean annual total nitrogen and total phosphorus load estimates, and the model coefficients used to obtain the load estimates, for streams in the Midwest Region of the United States. The loads were estimated using the Fluxmaster program (Schwarz and others, 2006, https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm6b3) with a 5-parameter model and detrending to 2012 followingSPARROW model inputs and simulated streamflow, nutrient and suspended-sediment loads in streams of the Midwestern United States, 2012 Base Year
The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model was used to aid in the interpretation of monitoring data and simulate streamflow and water-quality conditions in streams across the Midwest Region of the United States. SPARROW is a hybrid empirical/process-based mass balance model that can be used to estimate the major sources and environmeWater-quality and streamflow datasets used for estimating long-term mean daily streamflow and annual loads to be considered for use in regional streamflow, nutrient and sediment SPARROW models, United States, 1999-2014
The United States Geological Survey's (USGS) SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model was developed to aid in the interpretation of monitoring data and simulate water-quality conditions in streams across large spatial scales. SPARROW is a hybrid empirical/process-based mass balance model that can be used to estimate the major sources and environmental factors that aEutrophication water-quality models and supporting water-quality and phosphorus load data used to simulate changes in the water quality of the Winnebago Pool Lakes, Wisconsin, in response to change in phosphorus loading
Three eutrophication models (mass balance, BATHUB, and Jensen models) were developed and calibrated for the Winnebago Pools, Wisconsin. These models were used to quantify the input of phosphorus from the sediments of the lakes, and determine how the water quality (total phosphorus concentration, chlorophyll a concentrations, and Secchi depth) should respond to changes in phosphorus loading from thWater-quality and streamflow datasets used for estimating loads considered for use in the 2002 Midcontinent nutrient SPARROW models, United States and Canada, 1970-2012
The United States Geological Survey's (USGS) SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model was developed to aid in the interpretation of monitoring data and simulate water-quality conditions in streams across large spatial scales. SPARROW is a hybrid empirical⁄process-based mass balance model that can be used to estimate the major sources and environmental factors that a - Multimedia
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Response in the water quality of Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, to changes in phosphorus loading—Setting new goals for loading from its drainage basin
During 1989–92, an extensive rehabilitation project was completed in and around Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, to improve the lake’s water quality. However, in 2016, the lake was listed by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources as impaired for excessive algal growth (high chlorophyll a concentrations), and high phosphorus input was listed as its likely cause. In addition, the recent (2017–21) meaAuthorsDale M. Robertson, Benjamin J. Siebers, Reed A. FredrickAssessment of conservation management practices on water quality and observed trends in the Plum Creek Basin, 2010–20
The U.S. Geological Survey and University of Wisconsin–Green Bay collected hydrologic and water-quality data to assess the effectiveness of agricultural conservation management practice (CMP) implementation at mainstem Plum Creek and west Plum Creek in northeastern Wisconsin. These two subbasins cover 88 percent of the Plum Creek Basin (Hydrologic Unit Code 12), which is a subbasin of the lower FoAuthorsJudy A. Horwatich, Kevin Fermanich, Matthew A. Pronschinske, Dale M. Robertson, Sarah Kussow, Luke C. Loken, Paul C. Reneau, Jeremy Freund, Matthew J. KomiskeyAgricultural conservation practices could help offset climate change impacts on cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a recurring problem in many temperate large lake and coastal marine ecosystems, caused mainly by anthropogenic eutrophication. Implementation of agricultural conservation practices (ACPs) offers a means to reduce non-point source nutrient runoff and mitigate HABs. However, the effectiveness of ACPs in a changing climate remains uncertain. We used an integrated biophAuthorsMichael E. Fraker, Noel R Aloysius, Jay F. Martin, S. Conor Keitzer, David A Dippold, Haw Yen, Jeffrey G. Arnold, Prasad Daggupati, Mari-Vaughn Virginia Johnson, Dale M. Robertson, Scott P. Sowa, Michael J. White, Stuart A. LudsinWater-quality improvement of an agricultural watershed marsh after macrophyte establishment and point-source reduction
Green Lake, located in central Wisconsin USA within a watershed with land use dominated by agriculture, is listed as impaired under Sect. 303(d) of the Clean Water Act. The primary tributary, Silver Creek, is also impaired because of high total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. Silver Creek flows through a shallow marsh before reaching the lake. Prior to 2006, the marsh was turbid and free of macropAuthorsSarah Fuller, Edward P Boswell, Anita M. Thompson, Dale M. RobertsonAn extrapolation method for estimating loads from unmonitored areas using watershed model load ratios
It is important to routinely estimate loads from an entire watershed to describe current conditions and evaluate how watershed-wide management efforts have affected the nutrient and sediment export that affect downstream water quality. However, monitoring in most areas, including the Great Lakes watershed, consists of sampling at a limited number of sites that are only periodically used to estimatAuthorsDale M. Robertson, David A. Saad, Greg F. KoltunLong-term ice phenology records spanning up to 578 years for 78 lakes around the Northern Hemisphere
In recent decades, lakes have experienced unprecedented ice loss with widespread ramifications for winter ecological processes. The rapid loss of ice, resurgence of winter biology, and proliferation of remote sensing technologies, presents a unique opportunity to integrate disciplines to further understand the broad spatial and temporal patterns in ice loss and its consequences. Here, we summarizeAuthorsSapna Sharma, Alessnadro Filazzola, Thi Nguyen, Mohammad Imrit, Kevin Blagrave, Damien Bouffard, Julia Daly, Harley Feldman, Natalie Feldsine, Harrie-Jan Hendricks-Franssen, Nikolay Granin, Richard Hecock, Jan Henning L'Abee-Lund, Ed Hopkins, Neil Howk, Michael Iacono, Lesley B. Knoll, Johanna Korhonen, Hilmar Malmquist, Woldzimierz Marszelewski, Shin-ichiro S. Matsuzaki, Yuichi Miyabara, Kiyoshi Miyasaka, Alexander Mills, Lolita Olson, Theodore Peters, David Richardson, Dale M. Robertson, Lars G. Rudstam, Danielle Wain, Holly Waterfield, Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer, Brendan Wiltse, Huaxia Yao, Andry Zhdanov, John J. MagnusonA framework for ensemble modelling of climate change impacts on lakes worldwide: The ISIMIP lake sector.
Empirical evidence demonstrates that lakes and reservoirs are warming across the globe. Consequently, there is an increased need to project future changes in lake thermal structure and resulting changes in lake biogeochemistry in order to plan for the likely impacts. Previous studies of the impacts of climate change on lakes have often relied on a single model forced with limited scenario-driven pAuthorsMalgorzata Golub, Wim Thiery, Rafael Marce, Don Pierson, Inne Vanderkelen, Daniel Mercado-Bettin, R. Iestyn Woolway, Luke Grant, Eleanor Jennings, Benjamin Kraemer, Jacob Schewe, Fang Zhao, Katja Frieler, Matthias Mengel, Vasiliy Y. Bogomolov, Damian Bouffard, Marianne Cote, Raoul-Marie Couture, Andrey V. Debolskiy, Bram Droppers, Gideon Gal, Mingyang Guo, Annette B. G. Janssen, Georgiy Kirillin, Robert Ladwig, Madeline Magee, Tadhg Moore, Marjorie Perroud, Sebastiano Piccolroaz, Love Raaman Vinnea, Martin Schmid, Tom Shatwell, Victor M. Stepanenko, Zeli Tan, Bronwyn Woodward, Huaxia Yao, Rita Adrian, Mathew Allan, Orlane Anneville, Lauri Arvola, Karen Atkins, Leon Boegman, Cayelan C. Carey, Kyle Christianson, Elvira de Eyto, Curtis L. DeGasperi, Maria Grechushnikova, Josef Hejzlar, Klaus Joehnk, Ian D. Jones, Alo Laas, Eleanor B. MacKay, Ivan Mammarella, Hampus Markensten, Christopher G. McBride, Deniz Özkundakci, Miguel Potes, Karsten Rinke, Dale M. Robertson, James A. Rusak, Rui Salgado, Leon van der Linden, Piet Verburg, Danielle Wain, Nicole K. Ward, Sabine Wollrab, Galina ZdorovennovaHydrological cycle and water budgets
In this chapter, we describe the hydrological cycle and each of its components (pools). The hydrological cycle is important to the transport and cycling of nutrients and energy. Quantifying the various components of the hydrological cycle, referred to as constructing water budget for a defined area, is an important framework for wise and equitable water management. The hydrological cycle has changAuthorsDale M. Robertson, Howard A. Perlman, T. N. NarisimhanTemperature explains the formation of a metalimnetic oxygen minimum in a deep mesotrophic lake
Green Lake, a deep mesotrophic lake located in a primarily agricultural watershed in central Wisconsin, USA, has experienced annual metalimnetic oxygen minima since the early 20th century. However, the severity of the phenomenon has increased over time, and late-summer dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations have typically been <3 mg L−1 in recent years. In situ, high-frequency observations of oxygenAuthorsCory P. McDonald, Mahta Naziri Saeed, Dale M. Robertson, Stephanie PrellwitzResponse of Green Lake, Wisconsin, to changes in phosphorus loading, with special emphasis on near-surface total phosphorus concentrations and metalimnetic dissolved oxygen minima
Green Lake is the deepest natural inland lake in Wisconsin, with a maximum depth of about 72 meters. In the early 1900s, the lake was believed to have very good water quality (low nutrient concentrations and good water clarity) with low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations occurring in only the deepest part of the lake. Because of increased phosphorus (P) inputs from anthropogenic activities in itAuthorsDale M. Robertson, Benjamin J. Siebers, Robert Ladwig, David P. Hamilton, Paul C. Reneau, Cory P. McDonald, Stephanie Prellwitz, Richard C. LathropQuantifying regional effects of best management practices on nutrient losses from agricultural lands
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural areas have degraded the water quality of downstream rivers, lakes, and oceans. As a result, investment in the adoption of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) has grown, but assessments of their effectiveness at large spatial scales have lagged. This study applies regional Spatially Referenced Regression On Watershed-attributes (SPAAuthorsVictor L. Roland, Ana María García, David A. Saad, Scott W. Ator, Dale M. Robertson, Gregory E. SchwarzResponse in the water level of Anvil Lake, Wisconsin, to changes in meteorological and climatic changes, Wisconsin
Anvil Lake, a relatively shallow seepage lake in northern Wisconsin, USA, has experienced dramatic changes in water level since elevation records began in 1938 in response to changes in meteorological and climatic conditions (Figure 1. Robertson et al., 2018). Anvil Lake’s water level record shows a pronounced 10–15-yr cycle, with recurring highs and lows with a typical swing of over 1 m. AlthoughAuthorsDale M. Robertson - Web Tools
Red–Assiniboine River Basin (RARB) SPARROW Mapper, 2002
This mapper displays SPARROW nutrient load and yield data and the importance of various nutrient sources for the RARB, given nutrient inputs similar to 2002. Rankings can be shown by country, state/province, HUC4, HUC8, and catchment. Nutrient data can be explored using maps and interactive graphs and tables. Modeling results can be exported as an Excel spreadsheet or a geospatial dataset.
Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, Red River Basins (MRB3) SPARROW Mapper, 2002
This mapper displays SPARROW nutrient load and yield data and the importance of various nutrient sources for the MRB3, given nutrient inputs similar to 2002. Rankings can be shown by major watershed, state, HUC8, tributary, and catchment. Nutrient data can be explored using maps and interactive graphs and tables. Modeling results can be exported as an Excel spreadsheet or a geospatial dataset.
Yellowstone River SPARROW Mapper, 2002
This mapper displays SPARROW nutrient load and yield data specifically for the Yellowstone River. The results are based on the SPARROW models developed for the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). Modeling results can be exported as an Excel spreadsheet or a geospatial dataset.
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