David Saad is Chief of the Environmental Hydrodynamics Branch, Earth System Processes Division, USGS Water Resources Mission Area.
In the Environmental Hydrodynamics Branch, Dave oversees a diverse group of multi-disciplinary researchers and scientists who study the connections between surface and groundwater hydraulics and chemical and ecological fate and transport. This includes human and natural influences on the quality of surface and groundwater.
Dave has been with the USGS since 1987 where he has been a scientist (hydrologist), project manager, team leader, and supervisor in the Pennsylvania and Upper Midwest Water Science Centers and the Water Mission Area. In Pennsylvania, he worked on projects evaluating coal-mining reclamation methods and the effects on acid-mine drainage. In Wisconsin, Dave was the groundwater specialist and study unit chief of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages study unit of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. He also worked on groundwater modeling projects for the Water Science Center. Dave also developed regional SPARROW (stream-water quality) models of the Midwest for NAWQA and binational SPARROW models of the Great Lakes Basin in collaboration with the International Joint Commission and the National Research Council Canada. In addition to being a branch chief with the Water Mission Area, Dave is currently project manager for “Quantifying Water Reuse and Return Flow Influences on Water Quality and Suitability”. This project is looking at the influences of return flow on water availability and is utilizing SPARROW models to achieve project goals.
Education and Certifications
B.S. in Geology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1987
Science and Products
SPARROW Mappers
SPARROW modeling: Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Ohio River, and Red River Basins
SPARROW nutrient modeling: Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)
SPARROW nutrient modeling: Binational (US/Canada) models
SPARROW modeling: Estimating nutrient, sediment, and dissolved solids transport
Everything you need to know about SPARROW
SPARROW: Attributes for NHDPlus Catchments (Version 1.1) for the Conterminous United States
SPARROW: Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States
Nutrient Load Data used to Quantify Regional Effects of Agricultural Best Management Practices: An application of the 2012 SPARROW models for the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast United States
Long-term mean annual total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads estimated using Fluxmaster 5-parameter models and detrended to 2012, Midwest Region of the United States, 1999-2014
SPARROW model inputs and simulated streamflow, nutrient and suspended-sediment loads in streams of the Midwestern United States, 2012 Base Year
SPARROW model simulated nutrient loads in streams of the Midcontinental Region of Canada and the United States, 2002 Base Year
Water-quality and streamflow datasets used for estimating long-term mean daily streamflow and annual loads to be considered for use in regional streamflow, nutrient and sediment SPARROW models, United States, 1999-2014
Water-quality and streamflow datasets used for estimating loads considered for use in the 2002 Midcontinent nutrient SPARROW models, United States and Canada, 1970-2012
An extrapolation method for estimating loads from unmonitored areas using watershed model load ratios
Effects of return flows on stream water quality and availability in the Upper Colorado, Delaware, and Illinois River Basins
Quantifying regional effects of best management practices on nutrient losses from agricultural lands
Estimating urban air pollution contribution to South Platte River nitrogen loads with National Atmospheric Deposition Program data and SPARROW model
Nitrogen and phosphorus sources and delivery from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin: An update using 2012 SPARROW models
Spatially referenced models of streamflow and nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended-sediment loads in streams of the midwestern United States
Phosphorus and nitrogen transport in the binational Great Lakes Basin estimated using SPARROW watershed models
Estimates of long-term mean daily streamflow and annual nutrient and suspended-sediment loads considered for use in regional SPARROW models of the Conterminous United States, 2012 base year
Geospatial data for developing nutrient SPARROW models for the Midcontinental region of Canada and the United States
Estimates of long-term mean-annual nutrient loads considered for use in SPARROW models of the Midcontinental region of Canada and the United States, 2002 base year
Nutrient delivery to Lake Winnipeg from the Red-Assiniboine River Basin – A binational application of the SPARROW model
Geomorphic, flood, and groundwater-flow characteristics of Bayfield Peninsula streams, Wisconsin, and implications for brook-trout habitat
2012 SPARROW Models for the Midwest: Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, Suspended Sediment, and Streamflow
2012 SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) interactive mappers are available for 5 regions of the conterminous U.S. These mappers simulate river streamflow, and nutrient and sediment loads and yields, that would occur under long-term average hydrologic conditions for the time period 1999 through 2014, and source inputs that occurred during or near 2012.
2002 SPARROW Model Results for the Midcontinental Region of North America: Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen
SPARROW model results of long-term mean-annual total nitrogen and total phosphorus in streams of the Midcontinental Region of North America. The simulated loads represent source inputs similar to 2002 and normalized to long-term average hydrologic conditions for the period from 1970 to through 2012.
SPARROW Modeling Program
SPARROW is a popular watershed modeling technique, distributed by the USGS, that estimates the amount of a contaminant transported from inland watersheds to larger water bodies by linking monitoring data with information on watershed characteristics and contaminant sources.
Science and Products
- Science
SPARROW Mappers
SPARROW mappers are interactive tools that allow the user to explore river streamflow and nutrient and sediment loads and yields and the importance of different sources of contaminants in a particular river basin. Data can be visualized using maps and interactive graphs and tables, and rankings can be shown by state, major watershed, hydrologic unit (HUC), and catchment.SPARROW modeling: Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Ohio River, and Red River Basins
SPARROW models for the Great Lakes, Ohio River, Upper Mississippi River, and Red River Basins predict long-term mean annual loads, yields, concentrations, and source contributions of water, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment throughout the Midwest.SPARROW nutrient modeling: Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)
SPARROW models for the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin(MARB) predict long-term average loads, concentrations, yields, and source contributions of water, nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment to the Gulf of Mexico.SPARROW nutrient modeling: Binational (US/Canada) models
SPARROW phosphorus and nitrogen models are being developed for the entire Great Lakes Basin and the Upper Midwest part of the U.S., and the Red and Assiniboine River Basin, as part of a Binational project between the USGS and the International Joint Commission (IJC) and National Research Council (NRC) of Canada.SPARROW modeling: Estimating nutrient, sediment, and dissolved solids transport
SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) models estimate the amount of a contaminant transported from inland watersheds to larger water bodies by linking monitoring data with information on watershed characteristics and contaminant sources. Interactive, online SPARROW mapping tools allow for easy access to explore relations between human activities, natural processes, and...Everything you need to know about SPARROW
What is SPARROW? SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) is a watershed modeling technique for relating water-quality measurements made at a network of monitoring stations to attributes of the watersheds such as contaminant sources and environmental factors that affect rates of delivery to streams and in-stream processing. The core of the model consists of a nonlinear...SPARROW: Attributes for NHDPlus Catchments (Version 1.1) for the Conterminous United States
The national databases used in USGS SPARROW models are available for download. Attributes from the NHDPlus data set, such as climate, geology, soils, land cover, hydrologic variables, physical characteristics, chemicals, and nutrients, are available for all catchments in the digital stream networks (1:500K scale).SPARROW: Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States
The national databases used in USGS SPARROW models are available for download. Attributes from the RF1 data set, such as climate, geology, soils, land cover, hydrologic variables, physical characteristics, chemicals, and nutrients, are available for all catchments in the digital stream networks (1:100K scale). - Data
Nutrient Load Data used to Quantify Regional Effects of Agricultural Best Management Practices: An application of the 2012 SPARROW models for the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast United States
Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agricultural areas have impacted the water quality of downstream rivers, lakes, and oceans. As a result, investment in the adoption of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) has grown but assessments of their effectiveness at large spatial scales have been sparse. This study applies regional Spatially Referenced Regression On Watershed-attributes (SPARROWLong-term mean annual total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads estimated using Fluxmaster 5-parameter models and detrended to 2012, Midwest Region of the United States, 1999-2014
This USGS data release contains long-term mean annual total nitrogen and total phosphorus load estimates, and the model coefficients used to obtain the load estimates, for streams in the Midwest Region of the United States. The loads were estimated using the Fluxmaster program (Schwarz and others, 2006, https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm6b3) with a 5-parameter model and detrending to 2012 followingSPARROW model inputs and simulated streamflow, nutrient and suspended-sediment loads in streams of the Midwestern United States, 2012 Base Year
The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model was used to aid in the interpretation of monitoring data and simulate streamflow and water-quality conditions in streams across the Midwest Region of the United States. SPARROW is a hybrid empirical/process-based mass balance model that can be used to estimate the major sources and environmeSPARROW model simulated nutrient loads in streams of the Midcontinental Region of Canada and the United States, 2002 Base Year
The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model was developed to aid in the interpretation of monitoring data and simulate water-quality conditions in streams across the Midcontinental Region of Canada and the Unites States. SPARROW is a hybrid empirical⁄process-based mass balance model that can be used to estimate the major sources and eWater-quality and streamflow datasets used for estimating long-term mean daily streamflow and annual loads to be considered for use in regional streamflow, nutrient and sediment SPARROW models, United States, 1999-2014
The United States Geological Survey's (USGS) SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model was developed to aid in the interpretation of monitoring data and simulate water-quality conditions in streams across large spatial scales. SPARROW is a hybrid empirical/process-based mass balance model that can be used to estimate the major sources and environmental factors that aWater-quality and streamflow datasets used for estimating loads considered for use in the 2002 Midcontinent nutrient SPARROW models, United States and Canada, 1970-2012
The United States Geological Survey's (USGS) SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model was developed to aid in the interpretation of monitoring data and simulate water-quality conditions in streams across large spatial scales. SPARROW is a hybrid empirical⁄process-based mass balance model that can be used to estimate the major sources and environmental factors that a - Publications
Filter Total Items: 52
An extrapolation method for estimating loads from unmonitored areas using watershed model load ratios
It is important to routinely estimate loads from an entire watershed to describe current conditions and evaluate how watershed-wide management efforts have affected the nutrient and sediment export that affect downstream water quality. However, monitoring in most areas, including the Great Lakes watershed, consists of sampling at a limited number of sites that are only periodically used to estimatAuthorsDale M. Robertson, David A. Saad, Greg F. KoltunEffects of return flows on stream water quality and availability in the Upper Colorado, Delaware, and Illinois River Basins
Understanding effects of human water use and subsequent return flows on the availability and suitability of water for downstream uses is critical to efficient and effective watershed management. We compared spatially detailed estimates of stream chemistry within three watersheds in diverse settings to available standards to isolate effects of wastewater and irrigation return flows on the suitabiliAuthorsScott Ator, Olivia L. Miller, David A. SaadQuantifying regional effects of best management practices on nutrient losses from agricultural lands
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural areas have degraded the water quality of downstream rivers, lakes, and oceans. As a result, investment in the adoption of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) has grown, but assessments of their effectiveness at large spatial scales have lagged. This study applies regional Spatially Referenced Regression On Watershed-attributes (SPAAuthorsVictor L. Roland, Ana María García, David A. Saad, Scott W. Ator, Dale M. Robertson, Gregory E. SchwarzEstimating urban air pollution contribution to South Platte River nitrogen loads with National Atmospheric Deposition Program data and SPARROW model
Air pollution is commonly disregarded as a source of nutrient loading to impaired surface waters managed under the Clean Water Act per states’ 303(d) list programs. The contribution of air pollution to 2017–2018 South Platte River nitrogen (N) loads was estimated from the headwaters to the gage at Weldona, Colorado, USA (100 km downstream of Denver), using data from the National Atmospheric DeposiAuthorsGregory A. Wetherbee, Michael Wieczorek, Dale M. Robertson, David A. Saad, Jon Novick, Alisa MastNitrogen and phosphorus sources and delivery from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin: An update using 2012 SPARROW models
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs throughout the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) have been linked to the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia and water‐quality problems throughout the MARB. To describe N and P loading throughout the MARB, SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models were previously developed based on nutrient inputs and management similar to 1992 andAuthorsDale M. Robertson, David A. SaadSpatially referenced models of streamflow and nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended-sediment loads in streams of the midwestern United States
In this report, SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models developed to describe long-term (2000–14) mean-annual streamflow, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and suspended-sediment (SS) transport in streams of the Midwestern part of the United States (the Mississippi River, Great Lakes, and Red River of the North Basins) are described. The nutrient and suspAuthorsDale M. Robertson, David A. SaadPhosphorus and nitrogen transport in the binational Great Lakes Basin estimated using SPARROW watershed models
Eutrophication problems in the Great Lakes are caused by excessive nutrient inputs (primarily phosphorus, P, and nitrogen, N) from various sources throughout its basin. In developing protection and restoration plans, it is important to know where and from what sources the nutrients originate. As part of a binational effort, Midcontinent SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attribuAuthorsDale M. Robertson, David A. Saad, Glenn A. Benoy, Ivana Vouk, Gregory E. Schwarz, Michael T LaittaEstimates of long-term mean daily streamflow and annual nutrient and suspended-sediment loads considered for use in regional SPARROW models of the Conterminous United States, 2012 base year
Streamflow, nutrient, and sediment concentration data needed to estimate long-term mean daily streamflow and annual constituent loads were compiled from Federal, State, Tribal, and regional agencies, universities, and nongovernmental organizations. The streamflow and loads are used to develop Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) models. SPARROW models help describe thAuthorsDavid A. Saad, Gregory E. Schwarz, Denise M. Argue, David W. Anning, Scott A. Ator, Anne B. Hoos, Stephen D. Preston, Dale M. Robertson, Daniel WiseGeospatial data for developing nutrient SPARROW models for the Midcontinental region of Canada and the United States
Through the International Watersheds Initiative of the International Joint Commission (IJC), the SpatiallyReferenced Regressions on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is being applied to the Great Lakes, Rainy River – Lake of the Woods and Red-Assiniboine basins. The objective of this binational application of the SPARROW model is to better understaAuthorsIvana Vouk, Richard S. Burcher, Craig M. Johnston, R. Wayne Jenkinson, David A. Saad, John S. Gaiot, Glenn A. Benoy, Dale M. Robertson, Michael LaittaEstimates of long-term mean-annual nutrient loads considered for use in SPARROW models of the Midcontinental region of Canada and the United States, 2002 base year
Streamflow and nutrient concentration data needed to compute nitrogen and phosphorus loads were compiled from Federal, State, Provincial, and local agency databases and also from selected university databases. The nitrogen and phosphorus loads are necessary inputs to Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) models. SPARROW models are a way to estimate the distribution, soAuthorsDavid A. Saad, Glenn A. Benoy, Dale M. RobertsonNutrient delivery to Lake Winnipeg from the Red-Assiniboine River Basin – A binational application of the SPARROW model
Excessive phosphorus (TP) and nitrogen (TN) inputs from the Red–Assiniboine River Basin (RARB) have been linked to eutrophication of Lake Winnipeg; therefore, it is important for the management of water resources to understand where and from what sources these nutrients originate. The RARB straddles the Canada–United States border and includes portions of two provinces and three states. This studyAuthorsGlenn A. Benoy, R. Wayne Jenkinson, Dale M. Robertson, David A. SaadGeomorphic, flood, and groundwater-flow characteristics of Bayfield Peninsula streams, Wisconsin, and implications for brook-trout habitat
In 2002–03, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study of the geomorphic, flood, and groundwater-flow characteristics of five Bayfield Peninsula streams, Wisconsin (Cranberry River, Bark River, Raspberry River, Sioux River, and Whittlesey Creek) to determine the physical limitations for brook-trout habitat. The goals of the study were threefold: (1) to describe geomorphic characteristics and proAuthorsFaith A. Fitzpatrick, Marie C. Peppler, David A. Saad, Dennis M. Pratt, Bernard N. Lenz - Web Tools
2012 SPARROW Models for the Midwest: Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, Suspended Sediment, and Streamflow
2012 SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) interactive mappers are available for 5 regions of the conterminous U.S. These mappers simulate river streamflow, and nutrient and sediment loads and yields, that would occur under long-term average hydrologic conditions for the time period 1999 through 2014, and source inputs that occurred during or near 2012.
2002 SPARROW Model Results for the Midcontinental Region of North America: Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen
SPARROW model results of long-term mean-annual total nitrogen and total phosphorus in streams of the Midcontinental Region of North America. The simulated loads represent source inputs similar to 2002 and normalized to long-term average hydrologic conditions for the period from 1970 to through 2012.
- Software
SPARROW Modeling Program
SPARROW is a popular watershed modeling technique, distributed by the USGS, that estimates the amount of a contaminant transported from inland watersheds to larger water bodies by linking monitoring data with information on watershed characteristics and contaminant sources.
- News