James Foreman
Lead Technician in Hydrologic Studies section focused on remote data collection and integration while providing high end science and logistical support within the Washington Water Science Center.
Serving as Regional Aviation Manager for the Northwest, Hawaii, and Pacific Islands.
Research Interests:
My research centers on the use of advanced sensing platforms to remotely collect data and model hydrologic processes. Recent emphasis has been on fire/post-fire geomorphology, habitat assessment, and water quality.
Professional Experience
Glacier mass-balance, South Cascade Glacier, WA
Post-flood surveying, indirect discharge measurement, St. Vrain, CO
Scientific response, real-time sediment loading, SR530 Landslide, Oso, WA
Scientific response, disaster damage surveys and map production, 2018 Kilauea eruption, Hilo, HI
UAS, DEM differencing for landscape change, Conconully, WA
Satellite telemetry, post-fire continuous water quality, Lake Cushman, WA
Habitat assessment, stormwater action management program, western WA
Instructor, Office of Aviation Services, small uncrewed aircraft systems
Aviation Safety Officer
Education and Certifications
BS Environmental Science 2007
Certificate Department of Interior Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Pilot
Certificate Federal Aviation Administration Part 107 Commercial Drone Operator
Certificate UAS Remote Data Processing
Certificate Infrared Training Center Level 1 Thermography
Honors and Awards
Secretary of the Interior Award for Outstanding Contribution to Aviation Safety (UAS)
USGS Director’s Award for Exemplary Service to the Nation
DOI Office of Aviation Services Safety Award
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 16
Relationships between water quality, stream metabolism, and water stargrass growth in the lower Yakima River, 2018 to 2020 Relationships between water quality, stream metabolism, and water stargrass growth in the lower Yakima River, 2018 to 2020
Since the early 2000s, water clarity on the lower Yakima River has improved. Changes in best management practices combined with a total maximum daily load for suspended sediment led to these improved conditions. As water clarity improved, so did conditions for aquatic plants; the clearer the water, the better the light penetration, and dramatic increases in plant biomass were observed...
Authors
Rich W. Sheibley, Marcella Appel, James R. Foreman
Extent and duration of cold-water areas associated with side channels and tributaries of the lower Yakima River, Washington, September 2018–20 Extent and duration of cold-water areas associated with side channels and tributaries of the lower Yakima River, Washington, September 2018–20
Previous work on the lower Yakima River, Washington (downstream from Union Gap), has identified several cold-water areas that could be thermal refuges for migrating salmonids. These cold-water areas are characterized by small tributaries that are typically cooler than the main-stem river during summer months (June–August). Twenty-seven temperature sensors were deployed along the lower 90...
Authors
Richard W. Sheibley, Marcella Appel, Rachel Little, James R. Foreman
Nitrogen and phosphorus loads from groundwater to Lake Spokane, Spokane, Washington, October 2016–October 2019 Nitrogen and phosphorus loads from groundwater to Lake Spokane, Spokane, Washington, October 2016–October 2019
Shallow nearshore groundwater and estimates of groundwater seepage were collected at 21 locations along the north and south shores of Lake Spokane beginning in October 2016 and ending in October 2019. Nitrate plus nitrite concentrations in nearshore groundwater ranged from
Authors
Richard W. Sheibley, James R. Foreman
Preliminary assessment of shallow groundwater chemistry near Goodell Creek, North Cascades National Park, Washington Preliminary assessment of shallow groundwater chemistry near Goodell Creek, North Cascades National Park, Washington
Goodell Creek is located within North Cascades National Park and is high-quality habitat for Chinook salmon, which are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The creation of a levee near the mouth of the creek where it enters the Skagit River has cut off the historical flood plain from the active channel. There is an effort to remove the levee along the left bank of the...
Authors
Rich W. Sheibley, James R. Foreman
Suspended-sediment transport from the Green-Duwamish River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, Washington, 2013–17 Suspended-sediment transport from the Green-Duwamish River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, Washington, 2013–17
The Green-Duwamish River transports watershed-derived sediment to the Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund site near Seattle, Washington. Understanding the amount of sediment transported by the river is essential to the bed sediment cleanup process. Turbidity, discharge, suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), and particle-size data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from...
Authors
Craig A. Senter, Kathleen E. Conn, Robert W. Black, Norman Peterson, Ann M. Vanderpool-Kimura, James R. Foreman
Geomorphic response of the North Fork Stillaguamish River to the State Route 530 landslide near Oso, Washington Geomorphic response of the North Fork Stillaguamish River to the State Route 530 landslide near Oso, Washington
On March 22, 2014, the State Route 530 Landslide near Oso, Washington mobilized 8 million cubic meters of unconsolidated Pleistocene material, creating a valley‑spanning deposit that fully impounded the North Fork Stillaguamish River. The river overtopped the 8-meter high debris impoundment within 25 hours and began steadily incising a new channel through the center of the deposit...
Authors
Scott W. Anderson, Mackenzie K. Keith, Christopher S. Magirl, J. Rose Wallick, Mark C. Mastin, James R. Foreman
Continuous-flow centrifugation to collect suspended sediment for chemical analysis Continuous-flow centrifugation to collect suspended sediment for chemical analysis
Recent advances in suspended-sediment monitoring tools and surrogate technologies have greatly improved the ability to quantify suspended-sediment concentrations and to estimate daily, seasonal, and annual suspended-sediment fluxes from rivers to coastal waters. However, little is known about the chemical composition of suspended sediment, and how it may vary spatially between water...
Authors
Kathleen E. Conn, Richard S. Dinicola, Robert W. Black, Stephen E. Cox, Richard W. Sheibley, James R. Foreman, Craig A. Senter, Norman T. Peterson
Suspended sediment delivery to Puget Sound from the lower Nisqually River, western Washington, July 2010–November 2011 Suspended sediment delivery to Puget Sound from the lower Nisqually River, western Washington, July 2010–November 2011
On average, the Nisqually River delivers about 100,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of suspended sediment to Puget Sound, western Washington, a small proportion of the estimated 1,200,000 metric tons (t) of sediment reported to flow in the upper Nisqually River that drains the glaciated, recurrently active Mount Rainier stratovolcano. Most of the upper Nisqually River sediment load is...
Authors
Christopher A. Curran, Eric E. Grossman, Christopher S. Magirl, James R. Foreman
Chemical concentrations and instantaneous loads, Green River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway near Seattle, Washington, 2013–15 Chemical concentrations and instantaneous loads, Green River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway near Seattle, Washington, 2013–15
In November 2013, U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging equipment was installed at a historical water-quality station on the Duwamish River, Washington, within the tidal influence at river kilometer 16.7 (U.S. Geological Survey site 12113390; Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, WA). Publicly available, real-time continuous data includes river streamflow, stream velocity, and...
Authors
Kathleen E. Conn, Robert W. Black, Ann M. Vanderpool-Kimura, James R. Foreman, Norman T. Peterson, Craig A. Senter, Stephen K. Sissel
Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: fluvial sediment load Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: fluvial sediment load
The Elwha River restoration project, in Washington State, includes the largest dam-removal project in United States history to date. Starting September 2011, two nearly century-old dams that collectively contained 21 ± 3 million m3 of sediment were removed over the course of three years with a top-down deconstruction strategy designed to meter the release of a portion of the dam-trapped...
Authors
Christopher S. Magirl, Robert C. Hilldale, Christopher A. Curran, Jeffrey J. Duda, Timothy D. Straub, Marian M. Domanski, James R. Foreman
Transport and deposition of asbestos-rich sediment in the Sumas River, Whatcom County, Washington Transport and deposition of asbestos-rich sediment in the Sumas River, Whatcom County, Washington
Heavy sediment loads in the Sumas River of Whatcom County, Washington, increase seasonal turbidity and cause locally acute sedimentation. Most sediment in the Sumas River is derived from a deep-seated landslide of serpentinite that is located on Sumas Mountain and drained by Swift Creek, a tributary to the Sumas River. This mafic sediment contains high amounts of naturally occurring...
Authors
Christopher A. Curran, Scott W. Anderson, Jack E. Barbash, Christopher S. Magirl, Stephen E. Cox, Katherine K. Norton, Andrew S. Gendaszek, Andrew R. Spanjer, James R. Foreman
Water and nutrient budgets for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, October 2010-October 2012 Water and nutrient budgets for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, October 2010-October 2012
Vancouver Lake, a large shallow lake in Clark County, near Vancouver, Washington, has been undergoing water-quality problems for decades. Recently, the biggest concern for the lake are the almost annual harmful cyanobacteria blooms that cause the lake to close for recreation for several weeks each summer. Despite decades of interest in improving the water quality of the lake, fundamental
Authors
Rich W. Sheibley, James R. Foreman, Cameron A. Marshall, Wendy B. Welch
Sediment computed tomography (CT) scans, photographs, and core-log descriptions from Conconully Reservoir, Okanogan County, WA, 2022-2023 Sediment computed tomography (CT) scans, photographs, and core-log descriptions from Conconully Reservoir, Okanogan County, WA, 2022-2023
This data release contains information on four sediment cores that were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Conconully Reservoir, Okanogan County, Washington, in June 2022 and October 2023. Data include the location each sediment core was collected, descriptions of the sediment profile of two of the cores (i.e., texture, color, structure, and visible constituents), photographs of...
Water temperature, air temperature, sensor depth, and select flow and temperature metrics. Data from water year 2020 for the Stormwater Action Monitoring Puget Small Streams Project Water temperature, air temperature, sensor depth, and select flow and temperature metrics. Data from water year 2020 for the Stormwater Action Monitoring Puget Small Streams Project
These data were collected as part of the Stormwater Action Monitoring (SAM) program's Puget Small Streams (PSS) status and trends program (https://ecology.wa.gov/regulations-permits/reporting-requirements/stormwater-monitoring/stormwater-action-monitoring/sam-status-and-trends/puget-small-streams). The data presented here were collected from 29 sites during water year 2020 for water...
Sediment and dissolved oxygen data to support fine sediment intrusion in Chinook salmon spawning gravels, Sauk River, Washington Sediment and dissolved oxygen data to support fine sediment intrusion in Chinook salmon spawning gravels, Sauk River, Washington
This Data Release contains supporting data to evaluate fine sediment infiltration into gravels in identified locations of Chinook spawning habitat at three sites on the Sauk River, located in western Washington. Fine sediment infiltration into the river substrate that salmonid fish species use to spawn has been shown to increase mortality during the incubation and pre-emergence phase...
Water stargrass biomass, stream metabolism estimates, and nutrient data quality control data for the lower Yakima River: June 2018 through September 2020 (ver. 2.0, August 2025) Water stargrass biomass, stream metabolism estimates, and nutrient data quality control data for the lower Yakima River: June 2018 through September 2020 (ver. 2.0, August 2025)
This dataset provides information collected at three stream monitoring sites on the lower Yakima River in Washington State from June 2018 through September 2020 by the U.S. Geological Survey. Sample locations included the Yakima River at Prosser, WA (USGS Station, 12509489), the Yakima River at Kiona, WA (USGS Station, 12510500), and the Yakima River at Van Giesen bridge near Richland...
Temperature data collected from the Lower Yakima River from October 2018 to October 2020 Temperature data collected from the Lower Yakima River from October 2018 to October 2020
A total of 27 temperature sensors were deployed along the lower 90 miles of the Yakima River at 7 locations where cold water had been previously observed. These 7 cold-water areas had 3 to 6 temperature sensors installed to document the extent and duration of these cold-water areas and their impacts on mainstem temperatures of the Lower Yakima River. Cold-water areas included the mouths...
Suspended-Sediment Data for the Yakima River at Kiona (USGS 12510500), Washington, June 2018 through September 2022 Suspended-Sediment Data for the Yakima River at Kiona (USGS 12510500), Washington, June 2018 through September 2022
This data release summarizes discrete suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) measurements and continuous estimates of SSC for the Yakima River at Kiona (USGS 12510500) for the period between June 01, 2018 and September 30, 2022. Continuous estimates of SSC were derived primarily through calibrated turbidity records. These data were collected to support a better understanding of how water...
Daily Nooksack River Basin Nutrient Loading Estimates from 2018 to 2021 Daily Nooksack River Basin Nutrient Loading Estimates from 2018 to 2021
The Nooksack River watershed comprises the majority of the Water Resources Inventory Area 1 (WRIA 1) located in Whatcom County in Washington State. From its headwaters in the northwestern Cascade Mountains, the Nooksack River drains approximately 809 square miles, comprising most of western Whatcom County, including agricultural areas and the developed lowlands surrounding the towns of...
Water quality and seepage estimates collected at Lake Spokane, WA, 2016-2019 Water quality and seepage estimates collected at Lake Spokane, WA, 2016-2019
Shallow nearshore groundwater chemistry and estimates of groundwater seepage were collected across 21 locations along Lake Spokane, WA, beginning in October 2016 and ending in October 2019. Groundwater chemistry was collected using temporary mini-piezometers and seepage rates from Lee-type seepage meters. Sample locations are divided into two distinct types: Core sites, where seepage...
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 16
Relationships between water quality, stream metabolism, and water stargrass growth in the lower Yakima River, 2018 to 2020 Relationships between water quality, stream metabolism, and water stargrass growth in the lower Yakima River, 2018 to 2020
Since the early 2000s, water clarity on the lower Yakima River has improved. Changes in best management practices combined with a total maximum daily load for suspended sediment led to these improved conditions. As water clarity improved, so did conditions for aquatic plants; the clearer the water, the better the light penetration, and dramatic increases in plant biomass were observed...
Authors
Rich W. Sheibley, Marcella Appel, James R. Foreman
Extent and duration of cold-water areas associated with side channels and tributaries of the lower Yakima River, Washington, September 2018–20 Extent and duration of cold-water areas associated with side channels and tributaries of the lower Yakima River, Washington, September 2018–20
Previous work on the lower Yakima River, Washington (downstream from Union Gap), has identified several cold-water areas that could be thermal refuges for migrating salmonids. These cold-water areas are characterized by small tributaries that are typically cooler than the main-stem river during summer months (June–August). Twenty-seven temperature sensors were deployed along the lower 90...
Authors
Richard W. Sheibley, Marcella Appel, Rachel Little, James R. Foreman
Nitrogen and phosphorus loads from groundwater to Lake Spokane, Spokane, Washington, October 2016–October 2019 Nitrogen and phosphorus loads from groundwater to Lake Spokane, Spokane, Washington, October 2016–October 2019
Shallow nearshore groundwater and estimates of groundwater seepage were collected at 21 locations along the north and south shores of Lake Spokane beginning in October 2016 and ending in October 2019. Nitrate plus nitrite concentrations in nearshore groundwater ranged from
Authors
Richard W. Sheibley, James R. Foreman
Preliminary assessment of shallow groundwater chemistry near Goodell Creek, North Cascades National Park, Washington Preliminary assessment of shallow groundwater chemistry near Goodell Creek, North Cascades National Park, Washington
Goodell Creek is located within North Cascades National Park and is high-quality habitat for Chinook salmon, which are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The creation of a levee near the mouth of the creek where it enters the Skagit River has cut off the historical flood plain from the active channel. There is an effort to remove the levee along the left bank of the...
Authors
Rich W. Sheibley, James R. Foreman
Suspended-sediment transport from the Green-Duwamish River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, Washington, 2013–17 Suspended-sediment transport from the Green-Duwamish River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, Washington, 2013–17
The Green-Duwamish River transports watershed-derived sediment to the Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund site near Seattle, Washington. Understanding the amount of sediment transported by the river is essential to the bed sediment cleanup process. Turbidity, discharge, suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), and particle-size data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from...
Authors
Craig A. Senter, Kathleen E. Conn, Robert W. Black, Norman Peterson, Ann M. Vanderpool-Kimura, James R. Foreman
Geomorphic response of the North Fork Stillaguamish River to the State Route 530 landslide near Oso, Washington Geomorphic response of the North Fork Stillaguamish River to the State Route 530 landslide near Oso, Washington
On March 22, 2014, the State Route 530 Landslide near Oso, Washington mobilized 8 million cubic meters of unconsolidated Pleistocene material, creating a valley‑spanning deposit that fully impounded the North Fork Stillaguamish River. The river overtopped the 8-meter high debris impoundment within 25 hours and began steadily incising a new channel through the center of the deposit...
Authors
Scott W. Anderson, Mackenzie K. Keith, Christopher S. Magirl, J. Rose Wallick, Mark C. Mastin, James R. Foreman
Continuous-flow centrifugation to collect suspended sediment for chemical analysis Continuous-flow centrifugation to collect suspended sediment for chemical analysis
Recent advances in suspended-sediment monitoring tools and surrogate technologies have greatly improved the ability to quantify suspended-sediment concentrations and to estimate daily, seasonal, and annual suspended-sediment fluxes from rivers to coastal waters. However, little is known about the chemical composition of suspended sediment, and how it may vary spatially between water...
Authors
Kathleen E. Conn, Richard S. Dinicola, Robert W. Black, Stephen E. Cox, Richard W. Sheibley, James R. Foreman, Craig A. Senter, Norman T. Peterson
Suspended sediment delivery to Puget Sound from the lower Nisqually River, western Washington, July 2010–November 2011 Suspended sediment delivery to Puget Sound from the lower Nisqually River, western Washington, July 2010–November 2011
On average, the Nisqually River delivers about 100,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of suspended sediment to Puget Sound, western Washington, a small proportion of the estimated 1,200,000 metric tons (t) of sediment reported to flow in the upper Nisqually River that drains the glaciated, recurrently active Mount Rainier stratovolcano. Most of the upper Nisqually River sediment load is...
Authors
Christopher A. Curran, Eric E. Grossman, Christopher S. Magirl, James R. Foreman
Chemical concentrations and instantaneous loads, Green River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway near Seattle, Washington, 2013–15 Chemical concentrations and instantaneous loads, Green River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway near Seattle, Washington, 2013–15
In November 2013, U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging equipment was installed at a historical water-quality station on the Duwamish River, Washington, within the tidal influence at river kilometer 16.7 (U.S. Geological Survey site 12113390; Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, WA). Publicly available, real-time continuous data includes river streamflow, stream velocity, and...
Authors
Kathleen E. Conn, Robert W. Black, Ann M. Vanderpool-Kimura, James R. Foreman, Norman T. Peterson, Craig A. Senter, Stephen K. Sissel
Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: fluvial sediment load Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: fluvial sediment load
The Elwha River restoration project, in Washington State, includes the largest dam-removal project in United States history to date. Starting September 2011, two nearly century-old dams that collectively contained 21 ± 3 million m3 of sediment were removed over the course of three years with a top-down deconstruction strategy designed to meter the release of a portion of the dam-trapped...
Authors
Christopher S. Magirl, Robert C. Hilldale, Christopher A. Curran, Jeffrey J. Duda, Timothy D. Straub, Marian M. Domanski, James R. Foreman
Transport and deposition of asbestos-rich sediment in the Sumas River, Whatcom County, Washington Transport and deposition of asbestos-rich sediment in the Sumas River, Whatcom County, Washington
Heavy sediment loads in the Sumas River of Whatcom County, Washington, increase seasonal turbidity and cause locally acute sedimentation. Most sediment in the Sumas River is derived from a deep-seated landslide of serpentinite that is located on Sumas Mountain and drained by Swift Creek, a tributary to the Sumas River. This mafic sediment contains high amounts of naturally occurring...
Authors
Christopher A. Curran, Scott W. Anderson, Jack E. Barbash, Christopher S. Magirl, Stephen E. Cox, Katherine K. Norton, Andrew S. Gendaszek, Andrew R. Spanjer, James R. Foreman
Water and nutrient budgets for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, October 2010-October 2012 Water and nutrient budgets for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, October 2010-October 2012
Vancouver Lake, a large shallow lake in Clark County, near Vancouver, Washington, has been undergoing water-quality problems for decades. Recently, the biggest concern for the lake are the almost annual harmful cyanobacteria blooms that cause the lake to close for recreation for several weeks each summer. Despite decades of interest in improving the water quality of the lake, fundamental
Authors
Rich W. Sheibley, James R. Foreman, Cameron A. Marshall, Wendy B. Welch
Sediment computed tomography (CT) scans, photographs, and core-log descriptions from Conconully Reservoir, Okanogan County, WA, 2022-2023 Sediment computed tomography (CT) scans, photographs, and core-log descriptions from Conconully Reservoir, Okanogan County, WA, 2022-2023
This data release contains information on four sediment cores that were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Conconully Reservoir, Okanogan County, Washington, in June 2022 and October 2023. Data include the location each sediment core was collected, descriptions of the sediment profile of two of the cores (i.e., texture, color, structure, and visible constituents), photographs of...
Water temperature, air temperature, sensor depth, and select flow and temperature metrics. Data from water year 2020 for the Stormwater Action Monitoring Puget Small Streams Project Water temperature, air temperature, sensor depth, and select flow and temperature metrics. Data from water year 2020 for the Stormwater Action Monitoring Puget Small Streams Project
These data were collected as part of the Stormwater Action Monitoring (SAM) program's Puget Small Streams (PSS) status and trends program (https://ecology.wa.gov/regulations-permits/reporting-requirements/stormwater-monitoring/stormwater-action-monitoring/sam-status-and-trends/puget-small-streams). The data presented here were collected from 29 sites during water year 2020 for water...
Sediment and dissolved oxygen data to support fine sediment intrusion in Chinook salmon spawning gravels, Sauk River, Washington Sediment and dissolved oxygen data to support fine sediment intrusion in Chinook salmon spawning gravels, Sauk River, Washington
This Data Release contains supporting data to evaluate fine sediment infiltration into gravels in identified locations of Chinook spawning habitat at three sites on the Sauk River, located in western Washington. Fine sediment infiltration into the river substrate that salmonid fish species use to spawn has been shown to increase mortality during the incubation and pre-emergence phase...
Water stargrass biomass, stream metabolism estimates, and nutrient data quality control data for the lower Yakima River: June 2018 through September 2020 (ver. 2.0, August 2025) Water stargrass biomass, stream metabolism estimates, and nutrient data quality control data for the lower Yakima River: June 2018 through September 2020 (ver. 2.0, August 2025)
This dataset provides information collected at three stream monitoring sites on the lower Yakima River in Washington State from June 2018 through September 2020 by the U.S. Geological Survey. Sample locations included the Yakima River at Prosser, WA (USGS Station, 12509489), the Yakima River at Kiona, WA (USGS Station, 12510500), and the Yakima River at Van Giesen bridge near Richland...
Temperature data collected from the Lower Yakima River from October 2018 to October 2020 Temperature data collected from the Lower Yakima River from October 2018 to October 2020
A total of 27 temperature sensors were deployed along the lower 90 miles of the Yakima River at 7 locations where cold water had been previously observed. These 7 cold-water areas had 3 to 6 temperature sensors installed to document the extent and duration of these cold-water areas and their impacts on mainstem temperatures of the Lower Yakima River. Cold-water areas included the mouths...
Suspended-Sediment Data for the Yakima River at Kiona (USGS 12510500), Washington, June 2018 through September 2022 Suspended-Sediment Data for the Yakima River at Kiona (USGS 12510500), Washington, June 2018 through September 2022
This data release summarizes discrete suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) measurements and continuous estimates of SSC for the Yakima River at Kiona (USGS 12510500) for the period between June 01, 2018 and September 30, 2022. Continuous estimates of SSC were derived primarily through calibrated turbidity records. These data were collected to support a better understanding of how water...
Daily Nooksack River Basin Nutrient Loading Estimates from 2018 to 2021 Daily Nooksack River Basin Nutrient Loading Estimates from 2018 to 2021
The Nooksack River watershed comprises the majority of the Water Resources Inventory Area 1 (WRIA 1) located in Whatcom County in Washington State. From its headwaters in the northwestern Cascade Mountains, the Nooksack River drains approximately 809 square miles, comprising most of western Whatcom County, including agricultural areas and the developed lowlands surrounding the towns of...
Water quality and seepage estimates collected at Lake Spokane, WA, 2016-2019 Water quality and seepage estimates collected at Lake Spokane, WA, 2016-2019
Shallow nearshore groundwater chemistry and estimates of groundwater seepage were collected across 21 locations along Lake Spokane, WA, beginning in October 2016 and ending in October 2019. Groundwater chemistry was collected using temporary mini-piezometers and seepage rates from Lee-type seepage meters. Sample locations are divided into two distinct types: Core sites, where seepage...