Stephen Kalkhoff (Former Employee)
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 70
One Ranney well can make a difference: The impacts of a radial collector well on groundwater level and quality in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer One Ranney well can make a difference: The impacts of a radial collector well on groundwater level and quality in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer
The City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, depends on groundwater from the Cedar River alluvial aquifer for residential and industrial use. In 2020, the city completed an additional radial collector well, or Ranney well, and was concerned that pumping from the well at high rates may lower water level elevations in the aquifer, reduce yields from nearby production wells, and change the quality of...
Authors
Adel E. Haj, Lance R. Gruhn, Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer, Linn County, Iowa, 1990–2019 Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer, Linn County, Iowa, 1990–2019
Alluvial aquifers in Iowa have more wells with nitrate exceeding drinking-water standards than other aquifers; are susceptible to contamination by organic contaminants; and have high concentrations of naturally occurring iron and manganese in depositional areas that contain abundant organic matter. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, studied...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Middle Iowa River Basin, Iowa Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Middle Iowa River Basin, Iowa
Concentrations, loads, and yields of nitrate plus nitrite, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were assessed in the Iowa River upstream from the Coralville Reservoir in east-central Iowa. The results of this study describe baseline nutrient transport during two historical reference periods, 1980–96 and 2006–10, that can be used to evaluate the progress of the implementation of reduction...
Authors
Jessica D. Garrett, Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Water-quality trends of urban streams in Independence, Missouri, 2005–18 Water-quality trends of urban streams in Independence, Missouri, 2005–18
The U.S. Geological Survey and the city of Independence, Missouri, Water Pollution Control Department has studied the water quality and ecological condition of urban streams within Independence since 2005. Selected physical properties, nutrients, chloride, fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and total coliform), total dissolved solids, and suspended-sediment concentration data for...
Authors
Miya N. Barr, Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Transport of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Cedar River Basin, Iowa and Minnesota, 2000–15 Transport of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Cedar River Basin, Iowa and Minnesota, 2000–15
Nitrate concentrations in the Cedar River in Iowa and Minnesota have increased from an average of less than 1.0 milligram per liter in the early 1900s to more than 5.0 milligrams per liter in the 2000s and have resulted in periodic water-quality impairment of the river. Spatial differences and temporal changes in nitrogen and phosphorus transport in the Cedar River Basin are described...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff
The effect of restored and native oxbows on hydraulic loads of nutrients and stream water quality The effect of restored and native oxbows on hydraulic loads of nutrients and stream water quality
The use of oxbow wetlands has been identified as a potential strategy to reduce nutrient transport from agricultural drainage tiles to streams in Iowa. In 2013 and 2014, a study was conducted in north-central Iowa in a native oxbow in the Lyons Creek watershed and two restored oxbow wetlands in the Prairie Creek watershed (Smeltzer west and Smeltzer east) to assess their effectiveness at...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff, Laura E. Hubbard, Joseph P.Schubauer-Berigan
Phosphorus in sediment in the Kent Park Lake watershed, Johnson County, Iowa, 2014–15 Phosphorus in sediment in the Kent Park Lake watershed, Johnson County, Iowa, 2014–15
Phosphorus data were collected from the Kent Park Lake watershed in Johnson County, Iowa, in 2014 and 2015 to obtain information to assist in the management of the water quality in the lake. Phosphorus concentrations were measured for sediment from several ponds in the watershed and sediment deposited in the lake. The first set of samples was collected in 2014 to understand phosphorus in...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Effect of variable annual precipitation and nutrient input on nitrogen and phosphorus transport from two Midwestern agricultural watersheds Effect of variable annual precipitation and nutrient input on nitrogen and phosphorus transport from two Midwestern agricultural watersheds
Precipitation patterns and nutrient inputs affect transport of nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphorus (TP) from Midwest watersheds. Nutrient concentrations and yields from two subsurface-drained watersheds, the Little Cobb River (LCR) in southern Minnesota and the South Fork Iowa River (SFIR) in northern Iowa, were evaluated during 1996–2007 to document relative differences in timings and...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff, Laura E. Hubbard, Mark D. Tomer, D.E. James
Decadal surface water quality trends under variable climate, land use, and hydrogeochemical setting in Iowa, USA Decadal surface water quality trends under variable climate, land use, and hydrogeochemical setting in Iowa, USA
Understanding how nitrogen fluxes respond to changes in agriculture and climate is important for improving water quality. In the midwestern United States, expansion of corn cropping for ethanol production led to increasing N application rates in the 2000s during a period of extreme variability of annual precipitation. To examine the effects of these changes, surface water quality was...
Authors
Christopher T. Green, Barbara A. Bekins, Stephen J. Kalkhoff, Robert M. Hirsch, Lixia Liao, Kimberlee K. Barnes
Occurrence and transport of nutrients in the Missouri River Basin, April through September 2011 Occurrence and transport of nutrients in the Missouri River Basin, April through September 2011
Heavy snow and early spring rainfall generated substantial amounts of runoff and flooding in the upper part of the Missouri River Basin in 2011. Spring runoff in the upper and middle parts of the basin exceeded the storage capacity of the Missouri River reservoirs and unprecedented amounts of water were released into the lower parts of the basin resulting in record floods from June...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Eleven-year trend in acetanilide pesticide degradates in the Iowa River, Iowa Eleven-year trend in acetanilide pesticide degradates in the Iowa River, Iowa
Trends in concentration and loads of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor and their ethanasulfonic (ESA) and oxanilic (OXA) acid degradates were studied from 1996 through 2006 in the main stem of the Iowa River, Iowa and in the South Fork Iowa River, a small tributary near the headwaters of the Iowa River. Concentration trends were determined using the parametric regression model...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff, Aldo V. Vecchia, Paul D. Capel, Michael T. Meyer
Environmental settings of the South Fork Iowa River basin, Iowa, and the Bogue Phalia basin, Mississippi, 2006-10 Environmental settings of the South Fork Iowa River basin, Iowa, and the Bogue Phalia basin, Mississippi, 2006-10
Studies of the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in different environmental settings were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program's Agricultural Chemicals Team (ACT) at seven sites across the Nation, including the South Fork Iowa River basin in central Iowa and the Bogue Phalia basin in northwestern Mississippi. The...
Authors
Kathleen A. McCarthy, Claire E. Rose, Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Assessment of Groundwater and Quality - Cedar River Project
ASSESSMENT OF GROUND-WATER AND QUALITY: Cedar River Alluvium, Cedar Rapids, Iowa PERIOD OF PROJECT: Since 1992 PROJECT CHIEF: Steve Kalkhoff STUDY AREA: Linn County COOPERATING AGENCY: City of Cedar Rapids (Water Division) Additional research has been provided by USGS Biological Resources Discipline and USGS National Mapping Discipline. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources has cooperated on a...
Hydrologic and Water Quality Data from the Cedar River and Cedar River Alluvial Aquifer, Linn County, Iowa, 1990-2019 Hydrologic and Water Quality Data from the Cedar River and Cedar River Alluvial Aquifer, Linn County, Iowa, 1990-2019
Surface and groundwater samples were collected, processed, and analyzed for pesticides, nutrients, organic carbon, and inorganics as part of a cooperative study with the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Filtered and whole water samples were sent to the National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey staff collected field properties and discharge measurements in...
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 70
One Ranney well can make a difference: The impacts of a radial collector well on groundwater level and quality in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer One Ranney well can make a difference: The impacts of a radial collector well on groundwater level and quality in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer
The City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, depends on groundwater from the Cedar River alluvial aquifer for residential and industrial use. In 2020, the city completed an additional radial collector well, or Ranney well, and was concerned that pumping from the well at high rates may lower water level elevations in the aquifer, reduce yields from nearby production wells, and change the quality of...
Authors
Adel E. Haj, Lance R. Gruhn, Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer, Linn County, Iowa, 1990–2019 Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer, Linn County, Iowa, 1990–2019
Alluvial aquifers in Iowa have more wells with nitrate exceeding drinking-water standards than other aquifers; are susceptible to contamination by organic contaminants; and have high concentrations of naturally occurring iron and manganese in depositional areas that contain abundant organic matter. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, studied...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Middle Iowa River Basin, Iowa Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Middle Iowa River Basin, Iowa
Concentrations, loads, and yields of nitrate plus nitrite, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were assessed in the Iowa River upstream from the Coralville Reservoir in east-central Iowa. The results of this study describe baseline nutrient transport during two historical reference periods, 1980–96 and 2006–10, that can be used to evaluate the progress of the implementation of reduction...
Authors
Jessica D. Garrett, Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Water-quality trends of urban streams in Independence, Missouri, 2005–18 Water-quality trends of urban streams in Independence, Missouri, 2005–18
The U.S. Geological Survey and the city of Independence, Missouri, Water Pollution Control Department has studied the water quality and ecological condition of urban streams within Independence since 2005. Selected physical properties, nutrients, chloride, fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and total coliform), total dissolved solids, and suspended-sediment concentration data for...
Authors
Miya N. Barr, Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Transport of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Cedar River Basin, Iowa and Minnesota, 2000–15 Transport of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Cedar River Basin, Iowa and Minnesota, 2000–15
Nitrate concentrations in the Cedar River in Iowa and Minnesota have increased from an average of less than 1.0 milligram per liter in the early 1900s to more than 5.0 milligrams per liter in the 2000s and have resulted in periodic water-quality impairment of the river. Spatial differences and temporal changes in nitrogen and phosphorus transport in the Cedar River Basin are described...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff
The effect of restored and native oxbows on hydraulic loads of nutrients and stream water quality The effect of restored and native oxbows on hydraulic loads of nutrients and stream water quality
The use of oxbow wetlands has been identified as a potential strategy to reduce nutrient transport from agricultural drainage tiles to streams in Iowa. In 2013 and 2014, a study was conducted in north-central Iowa in a native oxbow in the Lyons Creek watershed and two restored oxbow wetlands in the Prairie Creek watershed (Smeltzer west and Smeltzer east) to assess their effectiveness at...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff, Laura E. Hubbard, Joseph P.Schubauer-Berigan
Phosphorus in sediment in the Kent Park Lake watershed, Johnson County, Iowa, 2014–15 Phosphorus in sediment in the Kent Park Lake watershed, Johnson County, Iowa, 2014–15
Phosphorus data were collected from the Kent Park Lake watershed in Johnson County, Iowa, in 2014 and 2015 to obtain information to assist in the management of the water quality in the lake. Phosphorus concentrations were measured for sediment from several ponds in the watershed and sediment deposited in the lake. The first set of samples was collected in 2014 to understand phosphorus in...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Effect of variable annual precipitation and nutrient input on nitrogen and phosphorus transport from two Midwestern agricultural watersheds Effect of variable annual precipitation and nutrient input on nitrogen and phosphorus transport from two Midwestern agricultural watersheds
Precipitation patterns and nutrient inputs affect transport of nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphorus (TP) from Midwest watersheds. Nutrient concentrations and yields from two subsurface-drained watersheds, the Little Cobb River (LCR) in southern Minnesota and the South Fork Iowa River (SFIR) in northern Iowa, were evaluated during 1996–2007 to document relative differences in timings and...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff, Laura E. Hubbard, Mark D. Tomer, D.E. James
Decadal surface water quality trends under variable climate, land use, and hydrogeochemical setting in Iowa, USA Decadal surface water quality trends under variable climate, land use, and hydrogeochemical setting in Iowa, USA
Understanding how nitrogen fluxes respond to changes in agriculture and climate is important for improving water quality. In the midwestern United States, expansion of corn cropping for ethanol production led to increasing N application rates in the 2000s during a period of extreme variability of annual precipitation. To examine the effects of these changes, surface water quality was...
Authors
Christopher T. Green, Barbara A. Bekins, Stephen J. Kalkhoff, Robert M. Hirsch, Lixia Liao, Kimberlee K. Barnes
Occurrence and transport of nutrients in the Missouri River Basin, April through September 2011 Occurrence and transport of nutrients in the Missouri River Basin, April through September 2011
Heavy snow and early spring rainfall generated substantial amounts of runoff and flooding in the upper part of the Missouri River Basin in 2011. Spring runoff in the upper and middle parts of the basin exceeded the storage capacity of the Missouri River reservoirs and unprecedented amounts of water were released into the lower parts of the basin resulting in record floods from June...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Eleven-year trend in acetanilide pesticide degradates in the Iowa River, Iowa Eleven-year trend in acetanilide pesticide degradates in the Iowa River, Iowa
Trends in concentration and loads of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor and their ethanasulfonic (ESA) and oxanilic (OXA) acid degradates were studied from 1996 through 2006 in the main stem of the Iowa River, Iowa and in the South Fork Iowa River, a small tributary near the headwaters of the Iowa River. Concentration trends were determined using the parametric regression model...
Authors
Stephen J. Kalkhoff, Aldo V. Vecchia, Paul D. Capel, Michael T. Meyer
Environmental settings of the South Fork Iowa River basin, Iowa, and the Bogue Phalia basin, Mississippi, 2006-10 Environmental settings of the South Fork Iowa River basin, Iowa, and the Bogue Phalia basin, Mississippi, 2006-10
Studies of the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in different environmental settings were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program's Agricultural Chemicals Team (ACT) at seven sites across the Nation, including the South Fork Iowa River basin in central Iowa and the Bogue Phalia basin in northwestern Mississippi. The...
Authors
Kathleen A. McCarthy, Claire E. Rose, Stephen J. Kalkhoff
Assessment of Groundwater and Quality - Cedar River Project
ASSESSMENT OF GROUND-WATER AND QUALITY: Cedar River Alluvium, Cedar Rapids, Iowa PERIOD OF PROJECT: Since 1992 PROJECT CHIEF: Steve Kalkhoff STUDY AREA: Linn County COOPERATING AGENCY: City of Cedar Rapids (Water Division) Additional research has been provided by USGS Biological Resources Discipline and USGS National Mapping Discipline. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources has cooperated on a...
Hydrologic and Water Quality Data from the Cedar River and Cedar River Alluvial Aquifer, Linn County, Iowa, 1990-2019 Hydrologic and Water Quality Data from the Cedar River and Cedar River Alluvial Aquifer, Linn County, Iowa, 1990-2019
Surface and groundwater samples were collected, processed, and analyzed for pesticides, nutrients, organic carbon, and inorganics as part of a cooperative study with the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Filtered and whole water samples were sent to the National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey staff collected field properties and discharge measurements in...