2019 Supplemental Appropriations Activities
The Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act of 2019 (H.R. 2157) was signed by the President on June 6, 2019. The USGS received $98.5 million to support recovery and rebuilding activities in the wake of the 2018 Kīlauea volcano eruption, Hurricanes Florence and Michael, the Anchorage earthquake, and California wildfires.
USGS activities funded under the FY2019 Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act include:
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- New Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
- Response Activities, Equipment Repair, and Hardening from the Kīlauea eruption
- Geologic Investigations of the Kīlauea Summit Collapse
- Equipment Repair and Replacement from Hurricanes Florence and Michael
- Coastal Hazard Assessments and Forecasts from Hurricane Florence
- Assessment of Landslide and Debris-Flow Impacts from California Wildfires
- Fire Behavior Models: Enhanced Support for Recovery of U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) Lands
- Equipment Replacement and Geologic Investigations Related to the Alaska Earthquake
- Acquisition and Publication of 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) Lidar for Hurricanes and Wildfires
USGS Factsheet: 2019 Disaster Relief Act: USGS Recovery Activities
Related
Eruption Information
Eruptive activity at the summit of Kīlauea, within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, has been episodic since an eruption began on December 23, 2024.
DUNEX Aerial Imagery of the Outer Banks
The During Nearshore Event Experiment (DUNEX) project is a large collaborative scientific study focusing on understanding the consequences of coastal storms on the morphology of coastal ecosystems. By flying large sections of the coast and collecting still images using structure from motion (SfM) techniques, we hope to contribute high resolution (20cm) elevation maps for time series comparisons...
Filter Total Items: 61
First Infrastructure Line Vector, North Carolina First Infrastructure Line Vector, North Carolina
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) supports multiple efforts to understand and predict storm impacts to our nation’s coastlines. The first infrastructure line is defined as the seaward boundary of the first row of structures or roads in a coastal area and can be used to assess coastal vulnerability. The first infrastructure line as defined in this dataset represents a cross shore boundary...
Traverse-based sulfur dioxide emission rates from Hawaiian volcanoes, 2023–2025 Traverse-based sulfur dioxide emission rates from Hawaiian volcanoes, 2023–2025
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates are a fundamental measurement for the study and monitoring of active volcanoes. Such emissions inform scientists about the level of volcanic activity or unrest, and they also present a hazard to surrounding populations. Here we present a continuation of a long-term dataset collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for over four decades using UV...
Seismic catalogue derived from the 2023 Kīlauea Seismic Imaging Experiment, Kīlauea, Hawai'i, USA Seismic catalogue derived from the 2023 Kīlauea Seismic Imaging Experiment, Kīlauea, Hawai'i, USA
This is a catalogue of the earthquake data recorded during the 2023 Kīlauea Seismic Imaging Experiment by a consortium of government and academic scientists under the auspices and with the coordination of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Park Service at Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. Steve Roecker (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) produced this catalogue and then...
Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2023 Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2023
This release includes data collected during campaign GNSS surveys at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2023. It includes data from a total of 57 sites occupied from January 1 to December 31, 2023. For each site, we include its measured raw data in daily files, Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) files for each day, field log sheet(s), and associated metadata...
Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the January-March 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the January-March 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea
The January-March 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption occurred within Kaluapele (Kīlauea’s summit caldera) beginning on January 5 and ending on March 7 (Mulliken et al. 2024). This eruption reoccupied a previously active vent in the western side of the lava lake, as well as opening additional new vents on the eastern side of the lake. Field crews from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano
Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the September 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea, Island of Hawai‘i Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the September 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea, Island of Hawai‘i
The September 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption began on September 10 and ended on September 16 (~1 week; Mulliken et al. 2024). Field crews from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory collected tephra samples from fissures that had opened up on an area of the caldera floor east of Halema‘uma‘u crater (see Lynn et al. 2024 for map). Air quenched spatter and tephra samples...
Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2025 Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2025
This release includes data collected during campaign GNSS surveys at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2025. It includes data from a total of 46 sites occupied from January 1 to August 15, 2025 (see note below). For each site, we include its measured raw data in daily files, Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) files for each day, field log sheet(s), and...
Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the June 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea, Island of Hawai‘i Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the June 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea, Island of Hawai‘i
The June 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption began on June 7 and ended on June 19 (~2 weeks; Mulliken et al. 2024). Field crews from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory collected frothy pumice clasts from initial high fountaining on 7 June 2023 from accessible regions southwest of Kaluapele (Kīlauea’s summit caldera). Samples were collected from within a publicly closed area...
Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2024 Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2024
This release includes data collected during campaign GNSS surveys at Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, and Hualālai volcanoes on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2024. It includes data from a total of 63 sites occupied from January 1 to December 31, 2024. For each site, we include its measured raw data in daily files, Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) files for each day, field log sheet(s), and associated...
Deposit componentry and tephra grain shape data by dynamic-imaging analysis of the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Member of the Uwēkahuna Ash, Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawai‘i Deposit componentry and tephra grain shape data by dynamic-imaging analysis of the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Member of the Uwēkahuna Ash, Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawai‘i
Tephra samples from the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Member (400 to 1000 C.E.) of the Uwēkahuna Ash (200 B.C.E. to 1000 C.E.) were sampled from Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawai‘i. Samples were analyzed by dynamic imaging analysis using Microtrac CAMSIZER P4 and X2 instruments for grain shape and Anton nitrogen pycnometer instruments for density in the U.S. Geological Survey - Hawaiian Volcano...
Digital elevation models, orthomosaics, and GIS shapefiles of the 2020–2021 summit eruption at Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi Digital elevation models, orthomosaics, and GIS shapefiles of the 2020–2021 summit eruption at Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi
During the 2020–2021 summit eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, staff at the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) conducted 17 helicopter overflights of the eruption area between the dates of 21 December 2020 and 8 June 2021. Images captured during these flights were processed using the structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry technique to produce...
Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2022 Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2022
This release includes data collected during campaign GNSS surveys at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2022. It includes data from a total of 63 sites occupied from January 1 to December 31, 2022. For each site, we include its measured raw data in daily files, Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) files for each day, field log sheet(s), and associated metadata information...
Colored shaded-relief bathymetric map and surrounding aerial imagery of Whiskeytown Lake, California Colored shaded-relief bathymetric map and surrounding aerial imagery of Whiskeytown Lake, California
The Carr wildfire began on July 23, 2018, and burned almost 300,000 acres (approximately half on Federal lands) in northern California during the subsequent 6-week period. Over 97 percent of the area within Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, California, burned during the 2018 Carr wildfire, including the entire landscape that surrounds and drains into Whiskeytown Lake. Shortly after...
Filter Total Items: 64
Decadal-scale characteristics of natural and anthropogenic dune morphology along North Carolina Barrier Islands (SE Atlantic Coast) Decadal-scale characteristics of natural and anthropogenic dune morphology along North Carolina Barrier Islands (SE Atlantic Coast)
Dunes offer protection to coastal communities from storms, yet quantitative research characterizing human influences on dune systems across decades and 10–100 km spatial scales constitutes a known data gap. This study analyzed a multidecadal archive of dune crest elevations and positions to map mesoscale spatiotemporal trends in foredune morphology across the barrier island coastline of...
Authors
Alexander C. Seymour, Daniel J. Ciarletta, Kai Alexander Parker, Kara S. Doran, Margaret L. Palmsten
New maps of natural radioactivity reveal critical minerals and more New maps of natural radioactivity reveal critical minerals and more
High-resolution airborne radiometric surveys are covering more ground than ever to provide insights into unseen geology, mineral resource potential, and possible health hazards.
Authors
Anjana K. Shah, Daniel H. Doctor, Chloe Danielle Gustafson, Alan D. Pitts
REDPy: A Python tool for automated repeating earthquake detection and visualization REDPy: A Python tool for automated repeating earthquake detection and visualization
Detecting and cataloging seismic events are among the most fundamental tasks in seismology. Many standardized tools for these tasks exist, including the open‐source package repeating earthquake detector in Python (REDPy). REDPy generates an organized catalog of seismic events from continuous waveform data, in which events are automatically separated into groups (“families”) by their...
Authors
Alicia J. Hotovec-Ellis
Numerical simulation of sound-side barrier-island inundation and breaching during Hurricane Dorian (2019) Numerical simulation of sound-side barrier-island inundation and breaching during Hurricane Dorian (2019)
Hurricane-induced morphological changes and associated community hazards along sandy, barrier-island coastlines have been studied primarily from the perspective of ocean-side attack by storm-driven ocean surge and large waves. Thus, our understanding of long-term barrier island morphological change focuses on beach erosion, overwash, and inlet formation. In contrast, outwash events with...
Authors
John C. Warner, Christopher R. Sherwood, Christie A. Hegermiller, Zafer Defne, Joseph B. Zambon, Ruoying He, George Xue, Daoyang Bao, Dongxiao Yin, Melissa Moulton
Rainfall thresholds for postfire debris-flow initiation vary with short-duration rainfall climatology Rainfall thresholds for postfire debris-flow initiation vary with short-duration rainfall climatology
The size, frequency, and geographic scope of severe wildfires are expanding across the globe, including in the Western United States. Recently burned steeplands have an increased likelihood of debris flows, which pose hazards to downstream communities. The conditions for postfire debris-flow initiation are commonly expressed as rainfall intensity-duration thresholds, which can be...
Authors
David B. Cavagnaro, Scott W. McCoy, Donald N. Lindsay, Luke A. McGuire, Jason W. Kean, Daniel T. Trugman
Monitoring lava lake fluctuations and crater refilling with continuous laser rangefinders Monitoring lava lake fluctuations and crater refilling with continuous laser rangefinders
The U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) has developed a new method to continuously monitor lava lake elevations. Since 2018, HVO has stationed a laser rangefinder on Kīlauea’s caldera rim. The instrument automatically measures lava lake elevation each second, with centimeter accuracy. A stream of elevation data flows to HVO’s database and public website...
Authors
Edward F. Younger, William Tollett, Matthew R. Patrick
Predicted exposure of communities in southeastern United States to climate-related coastal hazards Predicted exposure of communities in southeastern United States to climate-related coastal hazards
A rigorous analysis of 21st Century multi-hazard exposure for U.S. Southeast Atlantic coastal communities indicates that up to 70% of residents will be exposed daily to shallow and emerging groundwater by ~2100, 15 times higher than from surficial flooding alone. This threat further exacerbates other coastal stressors, such as flooding, subsidence, and beach erosion, that impact these...
Authors
Patrick L. Barnard, Peter W Swarzenski
Constraining the earthquake recording threshold of intraslab earthquakes with turbidites in southcentral Alaska’s lakes and fjords Constraining the earthquake recording threshold of intraslab earthquakes with turbidites in southcentral Alaska’s lakes and fjords
Strong ground motion from intraslab earthquakes, which do not produce primary paleoseismic evidence, may initiate gravity-driven turbidity flows in subaqueous basins. The resulting deposits (turbidites) can provide a paleoseismic proxy if the conditions that initiate these flows are known. To better constrain the initiating conditions, we use two recent intraslab earthquakes in...
Authors
Drake Moore Singleton, Daniel S. Brothers, Peter J. Haeussler, Robert C. Witter, Jenna C. Hill
Projections of multiple climate-related coastal hazards for the US Southeast Atlantic Projections of multiple climate-related coastal hazards for the US Southeast Atlantic
Faced with accelerating sea level rise and changing ocean storm conditions, coastal communities require comprehensive assessments of climate-driven hazard impacts to inform adaptation measures. Previous studies have focused on flooding but rarely on other climate-related coastal hazards, such as subsidence, beach erosion and groundwater. Here, we project societal exposure to multiple...
Authors
Patrick L. Barnard, Kevin M. Befus, Jeffrey J. Danielson, Anita C Engelstad, Li H. Erikson, Amy C. Foxgrover, Maya Kumari Hayden, Daniel J. Hoover, Tim Leijnse, Chris Massey, Robert T. McCall, Norberto Nadal-Caraballo, Kees Nederhoff, Andrea C. O'Neill, Kai Alexander Parker, Manoochehr Shirzaei, Leonard O. Ohenhen, Peter W Swarzenski, Jennifer Anne Thomas, Maarten van Ormondt, Sean Vitousek, Killian Vos, Nathan J. Wood, Jeanne M. Jones, Jamie Jones
Scalable, data-assimilated models predict large-scale shoreline response to waves and sea-level rise Scalable, data-assimilated models predict large-scale shoreline response to waves and sea-level rise
Coastal change is a complex combination of multi-scale processes (e.g., wave-driven cross-shore and longshore transport; dune, bluff, and cliff erosion; overwash; fluvial and inlet sediment supply; and sea-level-driven recession). Historical sea-level-driven coastal recession on open ocean coasts is often outpaced by wave-driven change. However, future sea-level-driven coastal recession...
Authors
Sean Vitousek, Kilian Vos, Kristen D. Splinter, Kai Alexander Parker, Andrea C. O'Neill, Amy C. Foxgrover, Maya Kumari Hayden, Jennifer Anne Thomas, Li H. Erikson, Patrick L. Barnard
Post Carr Fire bioassessment data report, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, Shasta County, California Post Carr Fire bioassessment data report, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, Shasta County, California
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, analyzed water and sediment chemistry, benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, fish and amphibian assemblages, fish and invertebrate tissues, instream habitat characteristics, and sediment heterogeneity at 10 stream sites within Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, Shasta County, California, during August 2020, 2...
Authors
Marissa L. Wulff, Larry R. Brown, Veronica L. Violette
The projected exposure and response of a natural barrier island system to climate-driven coastal hazards The projected exposure and response of a natural barrier island system to climate-driven coastal hazards
Accelerating sea level rise (SLR) and changing storm patterns will increasingly expose barrier islands to coastal hazards, including flooding, erosion, and rising groundwater tables. We assess the exposure of Cape Lookout National Seashore, a barrier island system in North Carolina (USA), to projected SLR and storm hazards over the twenty-first century. We estimate that with 0.5 m of SLR...
Authors
Jennifer Anne Thomas, Patrick L. Barnard, Sean Vitousek, Li H. Erikson, Kai Alexander Parker, Kees Nederhoff, Kevin M. Befus, Manoochehr Shirzaei
Dixie Fire Post-Fire Debris Flows: A Tale of Two Storms Dixie Fire Post-Fire Debris Flows: A Tale of Two Storms
The Dixie fire burned steep hillslopes in the northern Sierra Nevada California during the summer of 2021. The burn area was impacted by two significant storms in October 2021 and June 2022. These storm events resulted in very different types of rainfall and very different postfire flow events. This story map uses maps, photos, and rainfall data to highlight the storms and their impacts.
Columbia River Gorge Landslides Columbia River Gorge Landslides
Extreme rainfall during two atmospheric river events in January 2021 and January 2022 triggered a series of debris flows in the Columbia River Gorge, Oregon. The flows had significant impacts, including multiple highway closures and one fatality. This story map highlights rainfall data and observations of debris flow deposits by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI).
Hurricane Florence Numerical Modeling Hurricane Florence Numerical Modeling
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has partnered with North Carolina State University (NCSU), Louisiana State University (LSU) and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) to investigate hurricane-induced compound flooding and sediment dispersal using coupled hydrology and ocean models.
Monitoring Efforts at the Barry Arm Landslide Monitoring Efforts at the Barry Arm Landslide
An interactive geonarrative (Esri Story Map) looking at the Barry Arm landslide, located in northwestern Prince William Sound on the northwest side of Barry Arm in Harriman Fjord, Alaska, and about 30 miles (48.3 kilometers) from the coastal town of Whittier. If it were to produce a rockslide, it could pose significant hazards to nearby communities and boat traffic.
Central California Coast Debris Flows - January 2021 Central California Coast Debris Flows - January 2021
An atmospheric river (AR) moved into California late on the evening of January 26, 2021, bringing intermittent heavy rainfall that resulted in flooding, debris flows, and heavy snowfall at high elevations.
Coastal Change Hazards Portal Coastal Change Hazards Portal
Interactive access to coastal change science and data for our Nation’s coasts. Information and products are organized within three coastal change hazard themes: 1) extreme storms, 2) shoreline change, and 3) sea-level rise. Displays probabilities of coastal erosion.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Recovery Activities, Gulf of America, Hurricane Dorian, Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Ian, Hurricane Irma, Hurricane Isaias, Hurricane Jose, Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Marco, Hurricane Maria, Hurricane Matthew, Hurricane Michael, Hurricane Nate, Hurricane Sandy, Hurricanes
Hazard Exposure Reporting and Analytics (HERA) Hazard Exposure Reporting and Analytics (HERA)
The Hazard Exposure and Reporting Analytics (HERA) website helps communities understand how natural hazards could impact their land, people, infrastructure, and livelihoods. HERA provides tools and data to help communities as they plan and prepare for natural hazards.
nshm-alaska-v2 nshm-alaska-v2
Software release of 2023 Alaska NSHM input files for use with nshmp-haz.
USGS Earthquake Hazard Toolbox: nshmp-apps USGS Earthquake Hazard Toolbox: nshmp-apps
NSHM Hazard Tool, a suite of web tools for the NSHMP.
nshmp-haz-v2 nshmp-haz-v2
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model Project (NSHMP) codes for performing probabilistic seismic hazard (PSHA) and related analyses. These codes are intended for use with seismic hazard models developed by the NSHMP for the U.S. and its territories. This project includes a variety of command line applications and web service classes and relies on the nshmp-lib...
Related
Eruption Information
Eruptive activity at the summit of Kīlauea, within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, has been episodic since an eruption began on December 23, 2024.
DUNEX Aerial Imagery of the Outer Banks
The During Nearshore Event Experiment (DUNEX) project is a large collaborative scientific study focusing on understanding the consequences of coastal storms on the morphology of coastal ecosystems. By flying large sections of the coast and collecting still images using structure from motion (SfM) techniques, we hope to contribute high resolution (20cm) elevation maps for time series comparisons...
Filter Total Items: 61
First Infrastructure Line Vector, North Carolina First Infrastructure Line Vector, North Carolina
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) supports multiple efforts to understand and predict storm impacts to our nation’s coastlines. The first infrastructure line is defined as the seaward boundary of the first row of structures or roads in a coastal area and can be used to assess coastal vulnerability. The first infrastructure line as defined in this dataset represents a cross shore boundary...
Traverse-based sulfur dioxide emission rates from Hawaiian volcanoes, 2023–2025 Traverse-based sulfur dioxide emission rates from Hawaiian volcanoes, 2023–2025
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates are a fundamental measurement for the study and monitoring of active volcanoes. Such emissions inform scientists about the level of volcanic activity or unrest, and they also present a hazard to surrounding populations. Here we present a continuation of a long-term dataset collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for over four decades using UV...
Seismic catalogue derived from the 2023 Kīlauea Seismic Imaging Experiment, Kīlauea, Hawai'i, USA Seismic catalogue derived from the 2023 Kīlauea Seismic Imaging Experiment, Kīlauea, Hawai'i, USA
This is a catalogue of the earthquake data recorded during the 2023 Kīlauea Seismic Imaging Experiment by a consortium of government and academic scientists under the auspices and with the coordination of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Park Service at Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. Steve Roecker (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) produced this catalogue and then...
Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2023 Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2023
This release includes data collected during campaign GNSS surveys at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2023. It includes data from a total of 57 sites occupied from January 1 to December 31, 2023. For each site, we include its measured raw data in daily files, Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) files for each day, field log sheet(s), and associated metadata...
Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the January-March 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the January-March 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea
The January-March 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption occurred within Kaluapele (Kīlauea’s summit caldera) beginning on January 5 and ending on March 7 (Mulliken et al. 2024). This eruption reoccupied a previously active vent in the western side of the lava lake, as well as opening additional new vents on the eastern side of the lake. Field crews from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano
Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the September 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea, Island of Hawai‘i Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the September 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea, Island of Hawai‘i
The September 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption began on September 10 and ended on September 16 (~1 week; Mulliken et al. 2024). Field crews from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory collected tephra samples from fissures that had opened up on an area of the caldera floor east of Halema‘uma‘u crater (see Lynn et al. 2024 for map). Air quenched spatter and tephra samples...
Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2025 Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2025
This release includes data collected during campaign GNSS surveys at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2025. It includes data from a total of 46 sites occupied from January 1 to August 15, 2025 (see note below). For each site, we include its measured raw data in daily files, Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) files for each day, field log sheet(s), and...
Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the June 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea, Island of Hawai‘i Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the June 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea, Island of Hawai‘i
The June 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption began on June 7 and ended on June 19 (~2 weeks; Mulliken et al. 2024). Field crews from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory collected frothy pumice clasts from initial high fountaining on 7 June 2023 from accessible regions southwest of Kaluapele (Kīlauea’s summit caldera). Samples were collected from within a publicly closed area...
Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2024 Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2024
This release includes data collected during campaign GNSS surveys at Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, and Hualālai volcanoes on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2024. It includes data from a total of 63 sites occupied from January 1 to December 31, 2024. For each site, we include its measured raw data in daily files, Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) files for each day, field log sheet(s), and associated...
Deposit componentry and tephra grain shape data by dynamic-imaging analysis of the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Member of the Uwēkahuna Ash, Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawai‘i Deposit componentry and tephra grain shape data by dynamic-imaging analysis of the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Member of the Uwēkahuna Ash, Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawai‘i
Tephra samples from the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Member (400 to 1000 C.E.) of the Uwēkahuna Ash (200 B.C.E. to 1000 C.E.) were sampled from Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawai‘i. Samples were analyzed by dynamic imaging analysis using Microtrac CAMSIZER P4 and X2 instruments for grain shape and Anton nitrogen pycnometer instruments for density in the U.S. Geological Survey - Hawaiian Volcano...
Digital elevation models, orthomosaics, and GIS shapefiles of the 2020–2021 summit eruption at Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi Digital elevation models, orthomosaics, and GIS shapefiles of the 2020–2021 summit eruption at Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi
During the 2020–2021 summit eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, staff at the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) conducted 17 helicopter overflights of the eruption area between the dates of 21 December 2020 and 8 June 2021. Images captured during these flights were processed using the structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry technique to produce...
Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2022 Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2022
This release includes data collected during campaign GNSS surveys at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2022. It includes data from a total of 63 sites occupied from January 1 to December 31, 2022. For each site, we include its measured raw data in daily files, Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) files for each day, field log sheet(s), and associated metadata information...
Colored shaded-relief bathymetric map and surrounding aerial imagery of Whiskeytown Lake, California Colored shaded-relief bathymetric map and surrounding aerial imagery of Whiskeytown Lake, California
The Carr wildfire began on July 23, 2018, and burned almost 300,000 acres (approximately half on Federal lands) in northern California during the subsequent 6-week period. Over 97 percent of the area within Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, California, burned during the 2018 Carr wildfire, including the entire landscape that surrounds and drains into Whiskeytown Lake. Shortly after...
Filter Total Items: 64
Decadal-scale characteristics of natural and anthropogenic dune morphology along North Carolina Barrier Islands (SE Atlantic Coast) Decadal-scale characteristics of natural and anthropogenic dune morphology along North Carolina Barrier Islands (SE Atlantic Coast)
Dunes offer protection to coastal communities from storms, yet quantitative research characterizing human influences on dune systems across decades and 10–100 km spatial scales constitutes a known data gap. This study analyzed a multidecadal archive of dune crest elevations and positions to map mesoscale spatiotemporal trends in foredune morphology across the barrier island coastline of...
Authors
Alexander C. Seymour, Daniel J. Ciarletta, Kai Alexander Parker, Kara S. Doran, Margaret L. Palmsten
New maps of natural radioactivity reveal critical minerals and more New maps of natural radioactivity reveal critical minerals and more
High-resolution airborne radiometric surveys are covering more ground than ever to provide insights into unseen geology, mineral resource potential, and possible health hazards.
Authors
Anjana K. Shah, Daniel H. Doctor, Chloe Danielle Gustafson, Alan D. Pitts
REDPy: A Python tool for automated repeating earthquake detection and visualization REDPy: A Python tool for automated repeating earthquake detection and visualization
Detecting and cataloging seismic events are among the most fundamental tasks in seismology. Many standardized tools for these tasks exist, including the open‐source package repeating earthquake detector in Python (REDPy). REDPy generates an organized catalog of seismic events from continuous waveform data, in which events are automatically separated into groups (“families”) by their...
Authors
Alicia J. Hotovec-Ellis
Numerical simulation of sound-side barrier-island inundation and breaching during Hurricane Dorian (2019) Numerical simulation of sound-side barrier-island inundation and breaching during Hurricane Dorian (2019)
Hurricane-induced morphological changes and associated community hazards along sandy, barrier-island coastlines have been studied primarily from the perspective of ocean-side attack by storm-driven ocean surge and large waves. Thus, our understanding of long-term barrier island morphological change focuses on beach erosion, overwash, and inlet formation. In contrast, outwash events with...
Authors
John C. Warner, Christopher R. Sherwood, Christie A. Hegermiller, Zafer Defne, Joseph B. Zambon, Ruoying He, George Xue, Daoyang Bao, Dongxiao Yin, Melissa Moulton
Rainfall thresholds for postfire debris-flow initiation vary with short-duration rainfall climatology Rainfall thresholds for postfire debris-flow initiation vary with short-duration rainfall climatology
The size, frequency, and geographic scope of severe wildfires are expanding across the globe, including in the Western United States. Recently burned steeplands have an increased likelihood of debris flows, which pose hazards to downstream communities. The conditions for postfire debris-flow initiation are commonly expressed as rainfall intensity-duration thresholds, which can be...
Authors
David B. Cavagnaro, Scott W. McCoy, Donald N. Lindsay, Luke A. McGuire, Jason W. Kean, Daniel T. Trugman
Monitoring lava lake fluctuations and crater refilling with continuous laser rangefinders Monitoring lava lake fluctuations and crater refilling with continuous laser rangefinders
The U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) has developed a new method to continuously monitor lava lake elevations. Since 2018, HVO has stationed a laser rangefinder on Kīlauea’s caldera rim. The instrument automatically measures lava lake elevation each second, with centimeter accuracy. A stream of elevation data flows to HVO’s database and public website...
Authors
Edward F. Younger, William Tollett, Matthew R. Patrick
Predicted exposure of communities in southeastern United States to climate-related coastal hazards Predicted exposure of communities in southeastern United States to climate-related coastal hazards
A rigorous analysis of 21st Century multi-hazard exposure for U.S. Southeast Atlantic coastal communities indicates that up to 70% of residents will be exposed daily to shallow and emerging groundwater by ~2100, 15 times higher than from surficial flooding alone. This threat further exacerbates other coastal stressors, such as flooding, subsidence, and beach erosion, that impact these...
Authors
Patrick L. Barnard, Peter W Swarzenski
Constraining the earthquake recording threshold of intraslab earthquakes with turbidites in southcentral Alaska’s lakes and fjords Constraining the earthquake recording threshold of intraslab earthquakes with turbidites in southcentral Alaska’s lakes and fjords
Strong ground motion from intraslab earthquakes, which do not produce primary paleoseismic evidence, may initiate gravity-driven turbidity flows in subaqueous basins. The resulting deposits (turbidites) can provide a paleoseismic proxy if the conditions that initiate these flows are known. To better constrain the initiating conditions, we use two recent intraslab earthquakes in...
Authors
Drake Moore Singleton, Daniel S. Brothers, Peter J. Haeussler, Robert C. Witter, Jenna C. Hill
Projections of multiple climate-related coastal hazards for the US Southeast Atlantic Projections of multiple climate-related coastal hazards for the US Southeast Atlantic
Faced with accelerating sea level rise and changing ocean storm conditions, coastal communities require comprehensive assessments of climate-driven hazard impacts to inform adaptation measures. Previous studies have focused on flooding but rarely on other climate-related coastal hazards, such as subsidence, beach erosion and groundwater. Here, we project societal exposure to multiple...
Authors
Patrick L. Barnard, Kevin M. Befus, Jeffrey J. Danielson, Anita C Engelstad, Li H. Erikson, Amy C. Foxgrover, Maya Kumari Hayden, Daniel J. Hoover, Tim Leijnse, Chris Massey, Robert T. McCall, Norberto Nadal-Caraballo, Kees Nederhoff, Andrea C. O'Neill, Kai Alexander Parker, Manoochehr Shirzaei, Leonard O. Ohenhen, Peter W Swarzenski, Jennifer Anne Thomas, Maarten van Ormondt, Sean Vitousek, Killian Vos, Nathan J. Wood, Jeanne M. Jones, Jamie Jones
Scalable, data-assimilated models predict large-scale shoreline response to waves and sea-level rise Scalable, data-assimilated models predict large-scale shoreline response to waves and sea-level rise
Coastal change is a complex combination of multi-scale processes (e.g., wave-driven cross-shore and longshore transport; dune, bluff, and cliff erosion; overwash; fluvial and inlet sediment supply; and sea-level-driven recession). Historical sea-level-driven coastal recession on open ocean coasts is often outpaced by wave-driven change. However, future sea-level-driven coastal recession...
Authors
Sean Vitousek, Kilian Vos, Kristen D. Splinter, Kai Alexander Parker, Andrea C. O'Neill, Amy C. Foxgrover, Maya Kumari Hayden, Jennifer Anne Thomas, Li H. Erikson, Patrick L. Barnard
Post Carr Fire bioassessment data report, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, Shasta County, California Post Carr Fire bioassessment data report, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, Shasta County, California
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, analyzed water and sediment chemistry, benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, fish and amphibian assemblages, fish and invertebrate tissues, instream habitat characteristics, and sediment heterogeneity at 10 stream sites within Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, Shasta County, California, during August 2020, 2...
Authors
Marissa L. Wulff, Larry R. Brown, Veronica L. Violette
The projected exposure and response of a natural barrier island system to climate-driven coastal hazards The projected exposure and response of a natural barrier island system to climate-driven coastal hazards
Accelerating sea level rise (SLR) and changing storm patterns will increasingly expose barrier islands to coastal hazards, including flooding, erosion, and rising groundwater tables. We assess the exposure of Cape Lookout National Seashore, a barrier island system in North Carolina (USA), to projected SLR and storm hazards over the twenty-first century. We estimate that with 0.5 m of SLR...
Authors
Jennifer Anne Thomas, Patrick L. Barnard, Sean Vitousek, Li H. Erikson, Kai Alexander Parker, Kees Nederhoff, Kevin M. Befus, Manoochehr Shirzaei
Dixie Fire Post-Fire Debris Flows: A Tale of Two Storms Dixie Fire Post-Fire Debris Flows: A Tale of Two Storms
The Dixie fire burned steep hillslopes in the northern Sierra Nevada California during the summer of 2021. The burn area was impacted by two significant storms in October 2021 and June 2022. These storm events resulted in very different types of rainfall and very different postfire flow events. This story map uses maps, photos, and rainfall data to highlight the storms and their impacts.
Columbia River Gorge Landslides Columbia River Gorge Landslides
Extreme rainfall during two atmospheric river events in January 2021 and January 2022 triggered a series of debris flows in the Columbia River Gorge, Oregon. The flows had significant impacts, including multiple highway closures and one fatality. This story map highlights rainfall data and observations of debris flow deposits by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI).
Hurricane Florence Numerical Modeling Hurricane Florence Numerical Modeling
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has partnered with North Carolina State University (NCSU), Louisiana State University (LSU) and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) to investigate hurricane-induced compound flooding and sediment dispersal using coupled hydrology and ocean models.
Monitoring Efforts at the Barry Arm Landslide Monitoring Efforts at the Barry Arm Landslide
An interactive geonarrative (Esri Story Map) looking at the Barry Arm landslide, located in northwestern Prince William Sound on the northwest side of Barry Arm in Harriman Fjord, Alaska, and about 30 miles (48.3 kilometers) from the coastal town of Whittier. If it were to produce a rockslide, it could pose significant hazards to nearby communities and boat traffic.
Central California Coast Debris Flows - January 2021 Central California Coast Debris Flows - January 2021
An atmospheric river (AR) moved into California late on the evening of January 26, 2021, bringing intermittent heavy rainfall that resulted in flooding, debris flows, and heavy snowfall at high elevations.
Coastal Change Hazards Portal Coastal Change Hazards Portal
Interactive access to coastal change science and data for our Nation’s coasts. Information and products are organized within three coastal change hazard themes: 1) extreme storms, 2) shoreline change, and 3) sea-level rise. Displays probabilities of coastal erosion.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Recovery Activities, Gulf of America, Hurricane Dorian, Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Ian, Hurricane Irma, Hurricane Isaias, Hurricane Jose, Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Marco, Hurricane Maria, Hurricane Matthew, Hurricane Michael, Hurricane Nate, Hurricane Sandy, Hurricanes
Hazard Exposure Reporting and Analytics (HERA) Hazard Exposure Reporting and Analytics (HERA)
The Hazard Exposure and Reporting Analytics (HERA) website helps communities understand how natural hazards could impact their land, people, infrastructure, and livelihoods. HERA provides tools and data to help communities as they plan and prepare for natural hazards.
nshm-alaska-v2 nshm-alaska-v2
Software release of 2023 Alaska NSHM input files for use with nshmp-haz.
USGS Earthquake Hazard Toolbox: nshmp-apps USGS Earthquake Hazard Toolbox: nshmp-apps
NSHM Hazard Tool, a suite of web tools for the NSHMP.
nshmp-haz-v2 nshmp-haz-v2
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model Project (NSHMP) codes for performing probabilistic seismic hazard (PSHA) and related analyses. These codes are intended for use with seismic hazard models developed by the NSHMP for the U.S. and its territories. This project includes a variety of command line applications and web service classes and relies on the nshmp-lib...