Images

Map depicting instruments deployed around Yellowstone Lake in 2018.

Geologic time scale showing the geologic eons, eras, periods, epochs, and associated ages in millions of years ago (MYA). The time scale also shows major evolutionary and tectonic events in North America.

GPS time series from station NRWY, near Norris Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park. The three plots show how the station is moving in a north-south direction (top), east-west direction (middle), and up-down direction (bottom).

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View of a clear blue hot spring pool of alkaline chloride fluid with silica sinter apron around it at Biscuit Basin.  This pool is generally close to the boiling temperature (200℉, 93℃) at this altitude (7200 ft, 2195 m).

Alkaline-chloride waters from an eruption of Old Faithful flow over the edge of the white silica sinter terrace into the Firehole River.  The orange coloration on the sinter terrace is due to thermophilic (high temperature) bacteria living in the warm fluids.  Old Faithful Inn is in the background, with the wooded Summit Lake rhyolitic lava flow behind.&nb

New thermal feature beneath the boardwalk on Geyser Hill, Upper Geyser Basin. Boards removed for better observation. Pump Geyser is mound at end of boardwalk. Old Faithful Inn in distance.

Mules loaded with sampling equipment and supplies for a mission to collect gas and thermal water samples from the Bechler River area in the southwest part of Yellowstone National Park. 

An unnamed but charismatic thermal feature alongside Ferris Fork, near the Bechler River. The center of the pool is roiling with gas bubbles, but not boiling! The pool is only about 180 degrees F (81 degrees C), and all the gas is bubbling up from underground.

Ear Spring photographed on September 16, 2018. Rocks and other debris on the ground surrounding the spring were ejected during the September 15 water eruption. The spring is dry in this photo.

Serapeum, a Roman Marketplace in Pozzuoli, Italy, records deformation of Campi Flegrei caldera over two millennia.

Dragon’s Mouth in the Mud Volcano Area of Yellowstone National Park.

The Basalts of Warm River and Shotgun Valley, which erupted about 1.17 million years ago after the formation of Henrys Fork Caldera in southeast Idaho.  Photo by Brandi Lawler, University of Wyoming, August 8, 2018.

Mushroom Pool, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park.

Hot spring waters with relatively high dissolved element concentrations on the floor of West Thumb, Yellowstone Lake. Image acquired by the Global Foundation for Ocean Exploration ROV Yogi on August 7, 2018.

100 Spring Plain in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park.  The area is frequently flooded and impassable. Photo taken by Lauren Harrison in August 2018.

The Pinehaven Basalt, which erupted in Henrys Fork Caldera, southeast Idaho, about 35,000 years ago.  Photo by Brandi Lawler, University of Wyoming, August 6, 2018.

Fishing cone, a hot springs on the floor of Yellowstone Lake. The hot spring rim sits at lake level.

Sensor (top), deformed battery/electronics package (bottom), and titanium sheath (left) following recovery from vent location A in teh Deep Hole area on the floor of Yellowstone Lake.

Sensor deployed in the Deep Hole, east of Stevenson Island to monitor long-term temperature and chemical variations in an active vent. Image acquired by the Global Foundation for Ocean Exploration ROV Yogi on August 4, 2018.

A sensor data logger recovered from the floor of Yellowstone Lake in the Deep Hole area in 2018 shows signs of melting due to unexpectedly high temperatures in sediments up to ~3 ft (1 m) away from an active hydrothermal vent. Image acquired by the Global Foundation for Ocean Exploration ROV Yogi on August 4, 2018.