USGS EROS Archive - Landsat Archives - Landsat 4-5 TM Collection 2 Level-2 Science Products
Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 Science Products at a 30-meter spatial resolution can be ordered for Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper Collection 2 scenes. (1982-2012)
Dataset Citation
Please cite this dataset in the following manner:
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. (2020). Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper Level-2, Collection 2 [dataset]. U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IAXOVV
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) offers on-demand production of Collection 2 Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) Level-2 Science Products (L2SP) through EarthExplorer. The L2SP include Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature scene-based products.
Surface Reflectance (SR)
Surface Reflectance products provide an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance as it would be measured at ground level in the absence of atmospheric scattering or absorption. The Surface Reflectance products are generated at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center at a 30-meter spatial resolution.
Landsat 4-5 Surface Reflectance data are generated from the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS), specialized software originally developed through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) grant by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland (Masek et al., 2006). The code applies radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction algorithms to Level-1 Landsat data. Details about Landsat 4-5 Surface Reflectance can be found in the Landsat 4-7 Surface Reflectance Product Guide.
Visit the Landsat Surface Reflectance webpage for documentation and more information
Surface Temperature (ST)
Surface Temperature measures the temperature of the surface of the Earth in Kelvin (K). The Surface Temperature products are generated at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center at a 30-meter spatial resolution.
The Landsat Surface Temperature product is generated from the Landsat Collection 2 Level-1 thermal infrared bands, Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Reflectance, TOA Brightness temperature, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Emissivity Database (GED) data, ASTER Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, and atmospheric profiles of geopotential height, specific humidity, and air temperature extracted from reanalysis data.
Visit the Landsat Surface Temperature webpage for documentation and more information
Product Availability
The following date ranges apply to the availability of the L2SP:
- Landsat 4 TM: July 1982 to December 1993
- Landsat 5 TM: March 1984 to May 2012
Most Landsat 4-5 Collection 2 Level-1 scenes in the USGS archive can be processed to L2SP. If ST cannot be produced, a SR only product is attempted. Landsat Science Products inherit characteristics of the Landsat Collection 1 Level-1 data products. Please note the following caveats:
- Surface Reflectance is not run for a scene with a solar zenith angle greater than 76°.
- Users are cautioned against processing data acquired over high latitudes (> 65º) to Surface Reflectance
- Landsat 4-5 TM scenes processed through the National Landsat Archive Processing System (NLAPS) cannot be processed to Surface Reflectance. Information about NLAPS, and a listing of NLAPS-processed scenes, can be found on LPGS and NLAPS Processing Systems Comparison.
- Efficacy of Surface Reflectance correction will be likely reduced in areas where atmospheric correction is affected by adverse conditions:
- Hyper-arid or snow-covered regions
- Low sun angle conditions
- Coastal regions where land area is small relative to adjacent water
- Areas with extensive cloud contamination
- Landsat atmospheric correction and surface reflectance retrieval algorithms are not ideal for water bodies due to the inherently low level of water leaving radiance, and the consequential very low signal to noise ratio. Similarly, surface reflectance values greater than 1.0 can be encountered over bright targets such as snow and playas.
- Data products must contain both optical and thermal data to be successfully processed to Surface Temperature, as ASTER NDVI is required to temporally adjust the ASTER GED product to the target Landsat scene. Therefore, night-time acquisitions cannot be processed to Surface Temperature.
- A known error exists in the Landsat Surface Temperature retrievals relative to clouds and possibly cloud shadows. The characterization of these issues has been documented by Cook et al., 2014 (see the Landsat Surface Temperature page for more details).
Additional Information
- Landsat Surface Reflectance Data Fact Sheet
- Landsat 4-7 Surface Reflectance Product Guide
- Landsat 4-7 Level-2 Science Product Guide
- Landsat Surface Reflectance Level-2 Data Products
- Landsat Surface Temperature Level-2 Science Product
- Landsat Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) Data Format Control Book
- Landsat 4-5 TM Collection 2 Level 2 Data Format Control Book
- CEOS Missions, Instruments, and Measurements (MIM) Database Record
- Landsat Collection 2 Geometric and Radiometric Information
- Landsat Spectral Characteristics Viewer
- Landsat Band Designations
- Landsat Collections
Access Data
The Landsat 4-5 Collection 2 Thematic Mapper (TM) Level-2 Science Products (TM) Level-2 Science Products (Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature) are available for download from EarthExplorer.
The data are located under the Landsat category, Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 subcategory, as “Landsat 4-5 TM C2 L2”.
The Landsat Data Access summary table provides information about all Landsat Collection 2 data access options.
After reviewing the search results and selecting a scene, users will be able to download all bands or select and download selected bands. The original Landsat scene mapping grid, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) or Polar Stereographic (PS), is retained for the L2SP.
Data Citation History
The preferred citation for this dataset was revised in 2024 to improve accuracy and alignment with USGS Fundamental Science Practices. The dataset digital object identifier (DOI) and version did not change.
Please cite this dataset in the following manner:
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. (2020). Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper Level-2, Collection 2 [dataset]. U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IAXOVV
The previously used citation shown below is provided here for historical reference only:
Earth Resources Observation And Science (EROS) Center. (2020). Collection-2 Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) Level-2 Science Products [dataset]. U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IAXOVV
Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 Science Products at a 30-meter spatial resolution can be ordered for Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper Collection 2 scenes. (1982-2012)
Dataset Citation
Please cite this dataset in the following manner:
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. (2020). Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper Level-2, Collection 2 [dataset]. U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IAXOVV
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) offers on-demand production of Collection 2 Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) Level-2 Science Products (L2SP) through EarthExplorer. The L2SP include Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature scene-based products.
Surface Reflectance (SR)
Surface Reflectance products provide an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance as it would be measured at ground level in the absence of atmospheric scattering or absorption. The Surface Reflectance products are generated at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center at a 30-meter spatial resolution.
Landsat 4-5 Surface Reflectance data are generated from the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS), specialized software originally developed through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) grant by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland (Masek et al., 2006). The code applies radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction algorithms to Level-1 Landsat data. Details about Landsat 4-5 Surface Reflectance can be found in the Landsat 4-7 Surface Reflectance Product Guide.
Visit the Landsat Surface Reflectance webpage for documentation and more information
Surface Temperature (ST)
Surface Temperature measures the temperature of the surface of the Earth in Kelvin (K). The Surface Temperature products are generated at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center at a 30-meter spatial resolution.
The Landsat Surface Temperature product is generated from the Landsat Collection 2 Level-1 thermal infrared bands, Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Reflectance, TOA Brightness temperature, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Emissivity Database (GED) data, ASTER Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, and atmospheric profiles of geopotential height, specific humidity, and air temperature extracted from reanalysis data.
Visit the Landsat Surface Temperature webpage for documentation and more information
Product Availability
The following date ranges apply to the availability of the L2SP:
- Landsat 4 TM: July 1982 to December 1993
- Landsat 5 TM: March 1984 to May 2012
Most Landsat 4-5 Collection 2 Level-1 scenes in the USGS archive can be processed to L2SP. If ST cannot be produced, a SR only product is attempted. Landsat Science Products inherit characteristics of the Landsat Collection 1 Level-1 data products. Please note the following caveats:
- Surface Reflectance is not run for a scene with a solar zenith angle greater than 76°.
- Users are cautioned against processing data acquired over high latitudes (> 65º) to Surface Reflectance
- Landsat 4-5 TM scenes processed through the National Landsat Archive Processing System (NLAPS) cannot be processed to Surface Reflectance. Information about NLAPS, and a listing of NLAPS-processed scenes, can be found on LPGS and NLAPS Processing Systems Comparison.
- Efficacy of Surface Reflectance correction will be likely reduced in areas where atmospheric correction is affected by adverse conditions:
- Hyper-arid or snow-covered regions
- Low sun angle conditions
- Coastal regions where land area is small relative to adjacent water
- Areas with extensive cloud contamination
- Landsat atmospheric correction and surface reflectance retrieval algorithms are not ideal for water bodies due to the inherently low level of water leaving radiance, and the consequential very low signal to noise ratio. Similarly, surface reflectance values greater than 1.0 can be encountered over bright targets such as snow and playas.
- Data products must contain both optical and thermal data to be successfully processed to Surface Temperature, as ASTER NDVI is required to temporally adjust the ASTER GED product to the target Landsat scene. Therefore, night-time acquisitions cannot be processed to Surface Temperature.
- A known error exists in the Landsat Surface Temperature retrievals relative to clouds and possibly cloud shadows. The characterization of these issues has been documented by Cook et al., 2014 (see the Landsat Surface Temperature page for more details).
Additional Information
- Landsat Surface Reflectance Data Fact Sheet
- Landsat 4-7 Surface Reflectance Product Guide
- Landsat 4-7 Level-2 Science Product Guide
- Landsat Surface Reflectance Level-2 Data Products
- Landsat Surface Temperature Level-2 Science Product
- Landsat Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) Data Format Control Book
- Landsat 4-5 TM Collection 2 Level 2 Data Format Control Book
- CEOS Missions, Instruments, and Measurements (MIM) Database Record
- Landsat Collection 2 Geometric and Radiometric Information
- Landsat Spectral Characteristics Viewer
- Landsat Band Designations
- Landsat Collections
Access Data
The Landsat 4-5 Collection 2 Thematic Mapper (TM) Level-2 Science Products (TM) Level-2 Science Products (Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature) are available for download from EarthExplorer.
The data are located under the Landsat category, Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 subcategory, as “Landsat 4-5 TM C2 L2”.
The Landsat Data Access summary table provides information about all Landsat Collection 2 data access options.
After reviewing the search results and selecting a scene, users will be able to download all bands or select and download selected bands. The original Landsat scene mapping grid, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) or Polar Stereographic (PS), is retained for the L2SP.
Data Citation History
The preferred citation for this dataset was revised in 2024 to improve accuracy and alignment with USGS Fundamental Science Practices. The dataset digital object identifier (DOI) and version did not change.
Please cite this dataset in the following manner:
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. (2020). Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper Level-2, Collection 2 [dataset]. U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IAXOVV
The previously used citation shown below is provided here for historical reference only:
Earth Resources Observation And Science (EROS) Center. (2020). Collection-2 Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) Level-2 Science Products [dataset]. U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IAXOVV