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Photograph of beach and blue sky
Cape Cod National Seashore Winterscape
Cape Cod National Seashore Winterscape
Cape Cod National Seashore Winterscape

In February of 2021, scientists from the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) conducted near-shore bathymetric surveys on Cape Cod National Seashore. 

In February of 2021, scientists from the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) conducted near-shore bathymetric surveys on Cape Cod National Seashore. 

Photograph of USGS staff carrying equipment walking to the beach
Cape Cod National Seashore Field Work
Cape Cod National Seashore Field Work
Cape Cod National Seashore Field Work

In February of 2021, scientists from the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) conducted near-shore bathymetric surveys on Cape Cod National Seashore. Bathymetry is the study of underwater depth of ocean floors or lake floors.

In February of 2021, scientists from the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) conducted near-shore bathymetric surveys on Cape Cod National Seashore. Bathymetry is the study of underwater depth of ocean floors or lake floors.

A woman wearing a hard hat, personal floatation device, and waders kneels near a river taking a sample of mud.
Sampling sediment following wildfires
Sampling sediment following wildfires
Sampling sediment following wildfires

In August of 2020, the enormous CZU wildfire complex consumed over 85,000 acres in San Mateo and Santa Cruz Counties, leaving scarred landscapes in the hilly region. Runoff from large rainstorms in the winter months carry contaminants from the soils within these burned-out forests.

In August of 2020, the enormous CZU wildfire complex consumed over 85,000 acres in San Mateo and Santa Cruz Counties, leaving scarred landscapes in the hilly region. Runoff from large rainstorms in the winter months carry contaminants from the soils within these burned-out forests.

A woman wearing a hard hat, personal floatation device, and waders kneels near a river taking a sample of mud.
Sampling sediment following wildfires
Sampling sediment following wildfires
Sampling sediment following wildfires

In August of 2020, the enormous CZU wildfire complex consumed over 85,000 acres in San Mateo and Santa Cruz Counties, leaving scarred landscapes in the hilly region. Runoff from large rainstorms in the winter months carry contaminants from the soils within these burned-out forests.

In August of 2020, the enormous CZU wildfire complex consumed over 85,000 acres in San Mateo and Santa Cruz Counties, leaving scarred landscapes in the hilly region. Runoff from large rainstorms in the winter months carry contaminants from the soils within these burned-out forests.

A woman wearing a mask, hard hat, personal floatation device, and waders stands near a river.
Sampling sediment following wildfires
Sampling sediment following wildfires
Sampling sediment following wildfires

In August of 2020, the enormous CZU wildfire complex consumed over 85,000 acres in San Mateo and Santa Cruz Counties, leaving scarred landscapes in the hilly region. Runoff from large rainstorms in the winter months carry contaminants from the soils within these burned-out forests.

In August of 2020, the enormous CZU wildfire complex consumed over 85,000 acres in San Mateo and Santa Cruz Counties, leaving scarred landscapes in the hilly region. Runoff from large rainstorms in the winter months carry contaminants from the soils within these burned-out forests.

person standing on step slope with debris flow deposits and burned trees in background
Eagle Rock, California Debris Flow
Eagle Rock, California Debris Flow
Eagle Rock, California Debris Flow

Rilling and a shallow landslide in CZU Fire near Eagle Rock, California. Soil ~3 cm below surface was almost completely dry after the rain storm, highlighting soil water repellancy.  

Rilling and a shallow landslide in CZU Fire near Eagle Rock, California. Soil ~3 cm below surface was almost completely dry after the rain storm, highlighting soil water repellancy.  

A view from the sky of a winding coastal road that runs along steep, rocky cliffs, with a section washed out and collapsed.
Highway 1 washout at Rat Creek
Highway 1 washout at Rat Creek
Highway 1 washout at Rat Creek

The atmospheric river, a narrow, powerful track of water vapor that can deliver tremendous volumes of rain, hit the central California coast and stalled there between January 26 and 28, 2021 — with catastrophic consequences.

The atmospheric river, a narrow, powerful track of water vapor that can deliver tremendous volumes of rain, hit the central California coast and stalled there between January 26 and 28, 2021 — with catastrophic consequences.

View from the sky looking down on a road that runs close to the ocean on a steep and rocky cliff.
California Highway 1 north of Wild Cattle Creek
California Highway 1 north of Wild Cattle Creek
California Highway 1 north of Wild Cattle Creek

A two-day rainstorm from January 26-28, 2021 caused numerous mudslides, debris flows, and other issues along California's coastal Highway 1 through Big Sur. This section is just north of Wild Cattle Creek. Mud washed across the roadway from the cliffs in numerous locations along the 70+-mile stretch of this scenic coastal road.

A two-day rainstorm from January 26-28, 2021 caused numerous mudslides, debris flows, and other issues along California's coastal Highway 1 through Big Sur. This section is just north of Wild Cattle Creek. Mud washed across the roadway from the cliffs in numerous locations along the 70+-mile stretch of this scenic coastal road.

View from the sky looks down on a roadway that runs along a coastal cliff, part of the road has washed away.
Rat Creek washout on coastal highway
Rat Creek washout on coastal highway
Rat Creek washout on coastal highway

The atmospheric river, a narrow, powerful track of water vapor that can deliver tremendous volumes of rain, hit the central California coast and stalled there between January 26 and 28, 2021 — with catastrophic consequences.

The atmospheric river, a narrow, powerful track of water vapor that can deliver tremendous volumes of rain, hit the central California coast and stalled there between January 26 and 28, 2021 — with catastrophic consequences.

View from the sky looking down on a road that runs close to the ocean along a steep and rocky cliff.
Big Sur coast just north of Kirk Creek
Big Sur coast just north of Kirk Creek
Big Sur coast just north of Kirk Creek

A two-day rainstorm from January 26-28, 2021 caused numerous mudslides, debris flows, and other issues along California's coastal Highway 1 through Big Sur. This section is just north of Kirk Creek, at a drainage where mud was washed across the roadway. Plumes of the muddy runoff are clearly visible in the ocean.

A two-day rainstorm from January 26-28, 2021 caused numerous mudslides, debris flows, and other issues along California's coastal Highway 1 through Big Sur. This section is just north of Kirk Creek, at a drainage where mud was washed across the roadway. Plumes of the muddy runoff are clearly visible in the ocean.

View from the sky looking straight down on a rocky coastline with steep cliffs and plumes of muddy water in the ocean water.
Drainage north of Kirk Creek
Drainage north of Kirk Creek
Drainage north of Kirk Creek

A two-day rainstorm from January 26-28, 2021 caused numerous mudslides, debris flows, and other issues along California's coastal Highway 1 through Big Sur. This section is just north of Kirk Creek, at a drainage where mud was washed across the roadway. Plumes of the muddy runoff are clearly visible in the ocean.

A two-day rainstorm from January 26-28, 2021 caused numerous mudslides, debris flows, and other issues along California's coastal Highway 1 through Big Sur. This section is just north of Kirk Creek, at a drainage where mud was washed across the roadway. Plumes of the muddy runoff are clearly visible in the ocean.

Photo from the air looking at a coastal roadway with steep cliffs and waves breaking at the edge.
Highway 1 in Big Sur near Cruikshank Trail
Highway 1 in Big Sur near Cruikshank Trail
Highway 1 in Big Sur near Cruikshank Trail

California's Highway 1 snakes its way along the steep terrain of the Big Sur coast. The bridge over Villa Creek can be seen in the left of the photo, as well as a retaining wall built under the freeway towards the center. These are just a few of the engineering feats by Caltrans to keep the roadway intact.

California's Highway 1 snakes its way along the steep terrain of the Big Sur coast. The bridge over Villa Creek can be seen in the left of the photo, as well as a retaining wall built under the freeway towards the center. These are just a few of the engineering feats by Caltrans to keep the roadway intact.

View from the sky looking down on a road that runs close to the ocean on a very steep and rocky cliff.
California Coastal Highway 1 in Big Sur south of Rat Creek
California Coastal Highway 1 in Big Sur south of Rat Creek
California Coastal Highway 1 in Big Sur south of Rat Creek

A section of Highway 1 along the California coast in Big Sur with more examples of the numerous debris flows and mudslides that occur following a heavy rain. This section is just south of the Rat Creek debris flow that completely washed out a large chunk of the highway.

A section of Highway 1 along the California coast in Big Sur with more examples of the numerous debris flows and mudslides that occur following a heavy rain. This section is just south of the Rat Creek debris flow that completely washed out a large chunk of the highway.

View from the sky looking down on a road close to the ocean along a steep and rocky cliff, and the road is washed out.
View of Rat Creek debris flow from above
View of Rat Creek debris flow from above
View of Rat Creek debris flow from above

The atmospheric river, a narrow, powerful track of water vapor that can deliver tremendous volumes of rain, hit the central California coast and stalled there between January 26 and 28, 2021 — with catastrophic consequences.

The atmospheric river, a narrow, powerful track of water vapor that can deliver tremendous volumes of rain, hit the central California coast and stalled there between January 26 and 28, 2021 — with catastrophic consequences.

View from a plane over the ocean looking at a coastal cliff region with a newly engineered roadway cut along it.
Repaired section of California Highway 1 at Mud Creek
Repaired section of California Highway 1 at Mud Creek
Repaired section of California Highway 1 at Mud Creek

On May 20, 2017, this section of the Big Sur coastline experienced a huge landslide that wiped out scenic coastal Highway 1. By July 2018 the roadway was reopened.

road on side of cliff above ocean showing part of road taken out by a landslide
Big Sur, California Landslide - January 26 and 28, 2021
Big Sur, California Landslide - January 26 and 28, 2021
Big Sur, California Landslide - January 26 and 28, 2021

The storm that hit California’s coast between Jan. 26 and 28, 2021, blew out a portion of Hwy 1 near Big Sur. On Saturday, a USGS reconnaissance flight snapped this dramatic photo above the Rat Creek drainage showing the debris flow.

The storm that hit California’s coast between Jan. 26 and 28, 2021, blew out a portion of Hwy 1 near Big Sur. On Saturday, a USGS reconnaissance flight snapped this dramatic photo above the Rat Creek drainage showing the debris flow.

View from the sky looking down on a steep, coastal cliff with a road, bridge over a stream feeding muddy water into ocean.
Big Creek Bridge
Big Creek Bridge
Big Creek Bridge

A two-day rainstorm from January 26-28, 2021 caused numerous mudslides, debris flows, and other issues along California's coastal Highway 1 through Big Sur. This is Big Creek Bridge, and Big Creek is still murky. Plumes of the muddy runoff are clearly visible in the ocean.

A two-day rainstorm from January 26-28, 2021 caused numerous mudslides, debris flows, and other issues along California's coastal Highway 1 through Big Sur. This is Big Creek Bridge, and Big Creek is still murky. Plumes of the muddy runoff are clearly visible in the ocean.

tan pickup truck surrounded by mud and rocks up to the top of the door
Debris flow at Limekiln site after River Fire in California.
Debris flow at Limekiln site after River Fire in California.
Debris flow at Limekiln site after River Fire in California.

On Sunday, August 16, 2020 at approximately 3:00 PM PST, the River wildfire ignited in Monterey County, California, just west of the Salinas River Valley.

a pile of large boulders and tree parts up against a guardrail next to a road
Tumalt Creek Debris Flow
Tumalt Creek Debris Flow
Tumalt Creek Debris Flow

 Debris flow deposit at the outlet of the Tumalt Creek drainage basin, Columbia River Gorge, Oregon,  following storms in January 2021.

 Debris flow deposit at the outlet of the Tumalt Creek drainage basin, Columbia River Gorge, Oregon,  following storms in January 2021.

Center map shows landslide locations. Hills slope from sides down to center of figure with descriptive labels and arrows.
Sample pages from the "Landslide Hazard Guidebook for Residents of Puerto Rico"
Sample pages from the "Landslide Hazard Guidebook for Residents of Puerto Rico"
Sample pages from the "Landslide Hazard Guidebook for Residents of Puerto Rico"

The University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, the Natural Hazards Center at the University of Colorado Boulder, and the USGS Landslide Hazards Program collaborated to create educational materials for residents of Puerto Rico to learn about how to prepare for, mitigate, respond to, and recover from landslides.

The University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, the Natural Hazards Center at the University of Colorado Boulder, and the USGS Landslide Hazards Program collaborated to create educational materials for residents of Puerto Rico to learn about how to prepare for, mitigate, respond to, and recover from landslides.

Photograph of scientist analyzing sediment carbon
Analyzing Sediment Carbon
Analyzing Sediment Carbon
Analyzing Sediment Carbon

WHOI/MIT PhD. Student, Sheron Luk, analyses sediment carbon on an Elemental Analyzer at Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center.

WHOI/MIT PhD. Student, Sheron Luk, analyses sediment carbon on an Elemental Analyzer at Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center.

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