Publications
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Factors influencing the height of Hawaiian lava fountains: implications for the use of fountain height as an indicator of magma gas content Factors influencing the height of Hawaiian lava fountains: implications for the use of fountain height as an indicator of magma gas content
The heights of lava fountains formed in Hawaiian-style eruptions are controlled by magma gas content, volume flux and the amounts of lava re-entrainment and gas bubble coalescence. Theoretical models of lava fountaining are used to analyse data on lava fountain height variations collected during the 1983–1986 Pu'u 'O'o vent of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The results show that the variable...
Authors
E.A. Parfitt, L. Wilson, C.A. Neal
Morpholoy and stratal geometry of the Anarctic continental shelf: insights from models Morpholoy and stratal geometry of the Anarctic continental shelf: insights from models
No abstract available.
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Christopher Schneider, Aaron H. Johnson
The impacts of mobile fishing gear on low topography benthic habitats in the Gulf of Maine (Northwest Atlantic): A preliminary report The impacts of mobile fishing gear on low topography benthic habitats in the Gulf of Maine (Northwest Atlantic): A preliminary report
No abstract available.
Authors
Peter J. Auster, Richard J. Malatesta, Richard W. Langton, Les Watling, Andrew N. Shepard, Ivar G. Babb
Seismic imaging of Kilauea volcano and Loihi Seamount: 1994 onshore-offshore experiment data from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seismic network Seismic imaging of Kilauea volcano and Loihi Seamount: 1994 onshore-offshore experiment data from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seismic network
No abstract available.
Authors
L. S. Kong, P. G. Okubo, S. C. Webb, F. K. Duennebier, M. A. McDonald, W. C. Crawford, J. A. Hildebrand
Decadal and annual changes in biogenic opal and carbonate fluxes to the deep Sargasso Sea Decadal and annual changes in biogenic opal and carbonate fluxes to the deep Sargasso Sea
Analyses of samples from a 14-year series of sediment-trap deployments in the deep Sargasso Sea reveal a significant trend in the ratio of the sinking fluxes of biogenic calcium carbonate and silica. Although there are pronounced seasonal cycles for both flux components, the overall opal/CaCO3 ratio changed by 50% from 1978 to 1991 (largely due to a decrease of opal flux), while total...
Authors
W.G. Deuser, T.D. Jickells, Judith A. Commeau
Pay a little now, or a lot later Pay a little now, or a lot later
Odds are 2-in-3 that at least one disastrous earthquake will strike the San Francisco Bay Area before 2020. Faced with this threat, corporations and government agencies have stepped up efforts that will reduce future losses by billions of dollars.
Authors
William H. Bakun
Seismic maps foster landmark legislation Seismic maps foster landmark legislation
When a powerful earthquake strikes an urban region, damage concentrates not only near the quake's source. Damage can also occur many miles from the source in areas of soft ground. In recent years, scientists have developed ways to identify and map these areas of high seismic hazard. This advance has spurred pioneering legislation to reduce earthquake losses in areas of greatest hazard.
Authors
Roger D. Borcherdt, Robert B. Brown, Robert A. Page, Carl M. Wentworth, James W. Hendley
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Volcano seismology, hazards assessment Volcano seismology, hazards assessment
The last few years have seen several impressive examples of seismic monitoring at volcanoes to provide warnings that have saved lives and property. Changes in the rates and character of volcanic earthquakes provided precursory signs to explosive eruptions of moderate size at Redoubt volcano (Alaska), Mount Unzen (Japan), Mount Spurr (Alaska), and Rabaul caldera (Papua New Guinea), as...
Authors
J. Mori
Thermodynamics of gas and steam-blast eruptions Thermodynamics of gas and steam-blast eruptions
Eruptions of gas or steam and non-juvenile debris are common in volcanic and hydrothermal areas. From reports of non-juvenile eruptions or eruptive sequences world-wide, at least three types (or end-members) can be identified: (1) those involving rock and liquid water initially at boiling-point temperatures (‘boiling-point eruptions’); (2) those powered by gas (primarily water vapor) at...
Authors
L.G. Mastin
Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano-breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano-breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era
The Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption (1983-present) is the longest lived rift eruption of either Kilauea or neighboring Mauna Loa in recorded history. The initial fissure opening in January 1983 was followed by three years of episodic fire fountaining at the Pu'u 'O'o vent on Kilauea's east rift zone ∼19km from the summit (episodes 4–47). These spectacular events gave way in July 1986 to...
Authors
M. T. Mangan, C. C. Heliker, T. N. Mattox, J. P. Kauahikaua, Rosalind Tuthill Helz
Giant blocks in the South Kona landslide, Hawaii Giant blocks in the South Kona landslide, Hawaii
A large field of blocky sea-floor hills, up to 10 km long and 500 m high, are gigantic slide blocks derived from the west flank of Mauna Loa volcano on the island of Hawaii. These megablocks are embedded in the toe of the South Kona landslide, which extends ∼80 km seaward from the present coastline to depths of nearly 5 km. A 10–15-km-wide belt of numerous, smaller, 1–3-km-long slide...
Authors
J.G. Moore, W.B. Bryan, M.H. Beeson, W. R. Normark