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Inclusions in Mount St. Helens dacite erupted from 1980 through 1983 Inclusions in Mount St. Helens dacite erupted from 1980 through 1983

Inclusions of plutonic, metavolcanic and volcanic rocks are abundant in dacite pumice and lava from the 1980–1986 eruption sequence at Mount St. Helens. Point counts of inclusions exposed in talus blocks from the dome from 1980 through 1983 show that inclusions form approximately 3.5 vol% of the lava. Eighty-five percent of the inclusions are medium-grained gabbros with an average...
Authors
C. Heliker

Experimental studies of deposition at a debris-flow flume Experimental studies of deposition at a debris-flow flume

Geologists commonly infer the flow conditions and the physical properties of debris flows from the sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and morphologic characteristics of their deposits. However, such inferences commonly lack corroboration by direct observation because the capricious nature of debris flows makes systematic observation and measurement of natural events both difficult and...
Authors
Jon J. Major

Building safer structures Building safer structures

In this century, major earthquakes in the United States have damaged or destroyed numerous buildings, bridges, and other structures. By monitoring how structures respond to earthquakes and applying the knowledge gained, scientists and engineers are improving the ability of structures to survive major earthquakes. Many lives and millions of dollars have already been saved by this ongoing...
Authors
Mehmet S’elebi, Robert A. Page, Linda Seekins

Seismic maps foster landmark legislation Seismic maps foster landmark legislation

When a powerful earthquake strikes an urban region, damage concentrates not only near the quake's source. Damage can also occur many miles from the source in areas of soft ground. In recent years, scientists have developed ways to identify and map these areas of high seismic hazard. This advance has spurred pioneering legislation to reduce earthquake losses in areas of greatest hazard.
Authors
Roger D. Borcherdt, Robert B. Brown, Robert A. Page, Carl M. Wentworth, James W. Hendley

An isotope hydrology study of the Kilauea volcano area, Hawaii An isotope hydrology study of the Kilauea volcano area, Hawaii

Isotope tracer methods were used to determine flow paths, recharge areas, and relative age for ground water in the Kilauea volcano area on the Island of Hawaii. Stable isotopes in rainfall show three distinct isotopic gradients with elevation, which are correlated with trade-wind, rain shadow, and high-elevation climatological patterns. Temporal variations in isotopic composition of...
Authors
M. A. Scholl, S. E. Ingebritsen, C. J. Janik, J. P. Kauahikaua

Some fluid-inclusion measurements for geothermal drill holes in California, Nevada, El Salvador, and Russia Some fluid-inclusion measurements for geothermal drill holes in California, Nevada, El Salvador, and Russia

The purpose of this report is to make available fluid-inclusion information from drill holes in five geothermal areas: The Geysers and Long Valley caldera in northern California; Steamboat Springs, Nevada; the Ahuachapan field of El Salvador, Central America; and the Mutnovsky geothermal field, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. These data were produced at the request of various individuals to...
Authors
Keith E. Bargar

The USGS/OFDA Volcano Disaster Assistance Program The USGS/OFDA Volcano Disaster Assistance Program

An erupting volcano is one of nature's truly spectacular sights. From a distance, or perhaps through the cameras of the news media, we often observe roiling mushroom clouds of ash or flows of incandescent lava issuing from the volcano's throat. If, however, you happen to live near that erupting volcano, your life or livelihood may be endangered and your property at risk of destruction a...
Authors
J.W. Ewert, C.D. Miller
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