Data Releases

Samples for episodes 1–39 (2024-2025) of the 2024-ongoing episodic Halema‘uma‘u Kīlauea eruption were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) field teams from within publicly closed areas of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park in cooperation with the National Park Service. This data release presents sample metadata, whole rock ED-XRF, whole rock WD-XRF...

Alluvial wetland ecosystems, such as the Cebolla Creek spring-fed wetland in east-central New Mexico, serve as biodiversity hotspots and directly affect processes such as water cycling and carbon sequestration. However, these systems are highly vulnerable to degradation because of drought, groundwater pumping, and channel incision. The "Zeedyk" approach for restoration employs methods...

In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) installed an array of zenith-pointing ultraviolet spectrometers to track gas emissions from summit of Kīlauea (Businger et al., 2015; Elias et al., 2018). The instruments are arranged in an arc perpendicular to the dominant trade-wind direction approximately 2 kilometers (km) southwest of the actively degassing...

Examining urban thermal environments has become a critical area of research spanning epidemiology, urban planning, and ecology. While traditional metrics like air temperature (Tair) and satellite-derived surface temperature (SD-LST) dominate urban heat studies, these measures often fail to reflect how people actually experience thermal exposure intensity. More human-oriented metrics...

This model archive summary (MAS) and associated model calibration data describes a surrogate model used to compute suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC) at USGS streamgage 11516530 from October 2023 to December 2024. The period of analysis computes SSC during the drawdown and removals of three dams upstream of the streamgage and represents novel suspended-sediment transport conditions...

Monitoring plant life stages (i.e., phenology) is pertinent to land management as phenological dynamics reflect the vegetation response to changes in weather and disturbance and to changes in vegetation composition. Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) invasion has threatened habitats and economies across the western U.S. The phenology of EAG species, such as cheatgrass, differs from native...

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release contains analytical data from a suite of mineral samples collected from the Mount Weld carbonatite complex, western Australia. This complex hosts the largest producing rare earth element (REE) mine outside of China. The REEs are mined from the weathered material, a laterite, derived from an underlying carbonatite. Samples were collected...

To assess the influence of run type and flow on the routing of juvenile Chinook salmon at the Georgiana Slough junction, we assembled a dataset of fish telemetry detections and flow data spanning a 12-year period. Fish detection data were obtained from the National Marine Fisheries Service’s Environmental Research Division’s Data Access Program (ERDDAP, 2023) and represent all four...

From 2019 to 2021, sixty age 0 herring were collected and tested for infection with viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus and viral erythrocitic necrosis virus from Port Angeles Harbor in WA, USA. This dataset describes the prevalence and intensity of infection with both pathogens. Then a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to determine how the epizootics of the two pathogens...

This data release contains supporting information for the manuscript: Barnhart, K.R., Kean, J.W., Lindsay, D.N., and Bilderback, E.L., 2026, Multi-site evaluation of a postfire debris-flow runout forecast method: Earth's Future, https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF007004. Each postfire debris-flow runout hazard assessment presented in this manuscript is represented as a child item below. Refer...

This dataset includes major-, minor-, and trace-element analyses by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and trace-element analyses by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of olivine, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene minerals from scoria and lava samples from the Kamakaiʻa Hills of the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, Island of...

These data were compiled to estimate vulnerability to multiple drivers of ecological change at the landscape scale in southeastern Utah based on sensitivity to state change and spatial exposure of Ecological Site Groups (ESGs) developed by Nauman et al. (2022). The objectives of our study were to: (1) estimate sensitivity of ESGs to aridification, livestock grazing, invasive species...