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The USGS provides unbiased, objective, and impartial scientific information upon which our audiences, including resource managers, planners, and other entities, rely.
Browse more than 5,500 book chapters authored by our scientists over the past 100+ year history of the USGS and refine search by topic, location, year, and advanced search.
Filter Total Items: 6197
Uncertainty and sensitivity issues in process-based models of carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems Uncertainty and sensitivity issues in process-based models of carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems
Many process-based models of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles have been developed for northern forest ecosystems. These models are widely used to evaluate the long-term decisions in forest management dealing with effects like particulate pollution, productivity and climate change. Regarding climate change, one of the key questions that have sensitive political implications is whether...
Authors
Guy R. Larocque, Jagtar S. Bhatti, A.M. Gordon, N. Luckai, M. Wattenbach, Jinxun Liu, Peng C., P.A. Arp, S. Liu, C.F. Zhang, A Komarov, P. Grabarnik, J. Sun, T. White
Model-data fusion in studies of the terrestrial carbon sink Model-data fusion in studies of the terrestrial carbon sink
Current uncertainty in quantifying the global carbon budget remains a major contributing source of uncertainty in reliably projecting future climate change. Furthermore, quantifying the global carbon budget and characterising uncertainties have emerged as critical to a successful implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol. Beyond...
Authors
G.A. Alexandrov, D. Chan, M. Chen, K. Gurney, K Higuchi, A Ito, C.D. Jones, A Komarov, K Mabuchi, D.M. Matross, F Veroustraete, W.W. Verstreten
In-situ observations of the physical properties of the Martian surface In-situ observations of the physical properties of the Martian surface
The physical properties of rocks and soils on the surface of Mars have been investigated by several landed spacecraft. Studies of these physical properties constrain interpretation of Martian geologic processes and provide engineering data for future mission planning. As on Earth, these properties vary considerably from place to place, and provide constraints on the origin and evolution...
Authors
Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, M. P. Golombek, E.A. Guinness, J.B. Johnson, A. Kusack, L. Richter, R.J. Sullivan, S. Gorevan
Stratigraphic models for deep-water sedimentary systems Stratigraphic models for deep-water sedimentary systems
Stratigraphic models predict sedimentary architecture. Prediction requires understanding systems across a sufficient range of scales. To be predictive a model must address the interaction of multiple process-response relationships. For deep-water systems these processes include (1) subaqueous flow initiation and transformation, (2) linkages between channel, levee and lobe processes, and...
Authors
Michael H. Gardner, James M. Borer, Brian W. Romans, Noelia Baptista, Erik K. Kling, Diah Hanggoro, Jesse J. Melick, Roger M. Wagerle, Marieke Dechesne, Mary M. Carr, Robert Amerman, Safian Atan
The United States 2001 National Land Cover Database The United States 2001 National Land Cover Database
No abstract available.
Authors
Collin G. Homer, Jon Dewitz, Joyce Fry, M. Nazmul Hossain
Mapping and monitoring Mt. Graham Red Squirrel habitat with GIS and thematic mapper imagery Mapping and monitoring Mt. Graham Red Squirrel habitat with GIS and thematic mapper imagery
To estimate the Mt. Graham red squirrel (MGRS) population, personnel visit a proportion of middens each year to determine their occupancy (Snow in this vol.). The method results in very tight confidence intervals (high precision), but the accuracy of the population estimate is dependent upon knowing where all the middens are located. I hypothesized that there might be areas outside the...
Authors
James R. Hatten, John L. Koprowski
Rivers and streams: Physical setting and adapted biota Rivers and streams: Physical setting and adapted biota
Streams and rivers are enormously important, with their ecological, and economic value, greatly outweighing their significance on the landscape. Lotic ecology began in Europe with a focus on the distribution, abundance, and taxonomic composition of aquatic organisms and in North American with a focus on fishery biology. Since 1980, stream/river research has been highly interdisciplinary...
Authors
Margaret A. Wilzbach, K.W. Cummins
Dynamics of magma supply to Kilauea volcano, Hawai‘i: Integrating seismic, geodetic and eruption data Dynamics of magma supply to Kilauea volcano, Hawai‘i: Integrating seismic, geodetic and eruption data
We focus on movement of magma beneath Kīlauea from the long summit eruption in 1967–1968 through the first historical sustained eruption on the east rift zone (Mauna Ulu 1969–1974), ending with the occurrence of a magnitude 7.2 earthquake beneath Kīlauea's eastern south flank. Magma from the Hawai‘iian hot spot continuously moves upward to summit storage and drives seaward spreading of...
Authors
Thomas L. Wright, F. W. Klein
Devonian carbonate platform of eastern Nevada: Facies, surfaces, cycles, sequences, reefs, and cataclysmic Alamo Impact Breccia Devonian carbonate platform of eastern Nevada: Facies, surfaces, cycles, sequences, reefs, and cataclysmic Alamo Impact Breccia
Devonian limestone and dolostone formations are superbly exposed in numerous mountain ranges of southeastern Nevada. The Devonian is as thick as 1500 m there and reveals continuous exposures of a classic, long-lived, shallow-water carbonate platform. This field guide provides excursions to Devonian outcrops easily reached from the settlement of Alamo, Nevada, ~100 mi (~160 km) north of...
Authors
John E. Warme, Jared R. Morrow, Charles Sandberg
Update on North America shale-gas exploration and development Update on North America shale-gas exploration and development
No abstract available.
Authors
David G. Hill, John B. Curtis, Paul G. Lillis
Biogeochemical mechanisms of arsenic mobilization and sequestration Biogeochemical mechanisms of arsenic mobilization and sequestration
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Sources of Arsenic in the Environment Redox Cycling of Arsenic Effect of Organic Carbon on Arsenic Cycling Arsenic Sequestration: Precipitation and Adsorption Arsenic Mobilization: Sediment Diagenesis and Reductive Dissolution Case Study: Haiwee Reservoir Conclusions References
Authors
Kate M. Campbell, J. G. Hering
Groundwater: Pumping and land subsidence Groundwater: Pumping and land subsidence
No abstract available.
Authors
Steven P. Phillips, Devin L. Galloway