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Book Chapters

Browse more than 5,500 book chapters authored by our scientists over the past 100+ year history of the USGS and refine search by topic, location, year, and advanced search.

Filter Total Items: 6158

Tertiary uplift of the Mt. Doonerak antiform, central Brooks Range, Alaska: Apatite fission track evidence from the Trans-Alaska crustal transect Tertiary uplift of the Mt. Doonerak antiform, central Brooks Range, Alaska: Apatite fission track evidence from the Trans-Alaska crustal transect

The Mt. Doonerak antiform is a northeast-trending, doubly plunging antiform located along the axial part of the central Brooks Range. This antiform is a crustal-scale duplex estimated to have a vertical displacement of ~15 km. The antiform folds the Amawk thrust, which separates relatively less displaced lower plate rocks in a window in the core of the antiform from allochthonous upper...
Authors
P. B. O’Sullivan, Thomas E. Moore, J.M. Murphy

Tracing nitrogen sources and cycling in catchments Tracing nitrogen sources and cycling in catchments

This chapter focuses on the uses of isotopes to understand water chemistry.I Isotopic compositions generally cannot be interpreted successfully in the absence of other chemical and hydrologic data. The chapter focusses on uses of isotopes in tracing sources and cycling of nitrogen in the water-component of forested catchment, and on dissolved nitrate in shallow waters, nutrient uptake...
Authors
Carol Kendall

Tracing of weathering reactions and water flowpaths: A multi-isotope approach Tracing of weathering reactions and water flowpaths: A multi-isotope approach

This chapter discusses the importance of using isotopes in a complementary manner, primarily to constrain and enrich models developed from hydrologic and chemical data. Isotopes are viewed as tools for testing rather than developing hypotheses, particularly in studies operating under tight budgetary constraints. Water isotopes are very useful tools for determining water sources in...
Authors
Tomas D. Bullen, Carol Kendall

Evidence for buoyancy regulation as a speciation mechanism in Great Lakes ciscoes Evidence for buoyancy regulation as a speciation mechanism in Great Lakes ciscoes

We present evidence for a hypothesis that the deepwater ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) of the Laurentian Great Lakes were selected for buoyancy-regulation traits that facilitated planktivory on Mysis relict, a crustacean that undertakes extensive diel vertical migration (DVM). We assessed the vertical distribution and behavior of bloaters (C. hoyi) in Lake Michigan with bottom and mid-water...
Authors
R.L. Eshenroder, Ray L. Argyle, Leslie M. TeWinkel

Field trip road log—geology and tectonics of the Gualala block Field trip road log—geology and tectonics of the Gualala block

The Pacific Section, S.E.P.M. 1998 Fall Field Trip will traverse rocks of the Gualala block of northern California. Seven stops (Figure 1) will be made in one and a half days and will examine a variety of geologic features and rock types in this significant area. The field trip is an outgrowth of a symposium held at the 1998 Annual Meeting of the Pacific Section, S.E.P.M. in Ventura...

Coastal Louisiana Coastal Louisiana

No abstract available
Authors
James G. Gosselink, J. Coleman, Robert E. Stewart

Military geology unit of the U.S. Geological Survey during World War II Military geology unit of the U.S. Geological Survey during World War II

On June 24, 1942, the temporary Military Geology Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey was formalized after the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers requested them to prepare terrain intelligence studies to meet wartime priorities. The entire Military Geology Unit wartime roster was 114 professionals, including 88 geologists, 11 soil scientists, and 15 other specialists; 14 were women. Assisting...
Authors
Maurice J. Terman

General philosophy 5: Concerning nonuniqueness General philosophy 5: Concerning nonuniqueness

There are models we might like to accept that just dont fit gravity, magnetic, or electrical data. This benefit of modeling is important. It forces the interpreter to prove that an interpretation is possible, and it eliminates impossible models even seismic models. A simple depth estimate may be all the model one needs to eliminate an idea. Other times, we need a careful and detailed...
Authors
D. A. Chapin

General philosophy 3: Concerning modeling General philosophy 3: Concerning modeling

The trend toward modeling is a healthy change from the days when “prospects” were located solely on the basis of closures on residual maps of mysterious and sometimes secret origin. Although residual maps are valuable for helping us notice unusual relationships, the business of exploration has become less tolerant of anything that raises more questions than it answers. A flurry of...
Authors
D. A. Chapin

General philosophy 4 General philosophy 4

I offer these statements about the interpretation process: A contractor's job often consists of enhancing potential-field data to make them as interpretable as possible (by either the contractor or the client). In getting data ready for interpretation, I like to confine the work to “atural processes” and avoid arbitrary processes. I see too many people abusing the facilities available in...
Authors
D. A. Chapin
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