Book Chapters
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The USGS provides unbiased, objective, and impartial scientific information upon which our audiences, including resource managers, planners, and other entities, rely.
The USGS provides unbiased, objective, and impartial scientific information upon which our audiences, including resource managers, planners, and other entities, rely.
Browse more than 5,500 book chapters authored by our scientists over the past 100+ year history of the USGS and refine search by topic, location, year, and advanced search.
Filter Total Items: 6158
Sand dunes of the northern Great Plains of Canada and the United States Sand dunes of the northern Great Plains of Canada and the United States
No abstract available.
Authors
D.R. Muhs, S.A. Wolfe
Sand lance as cornerstone prey for predator populations Sand lance as cornerstone prey for predator populations
Sand lance (Ammodytes) constitute a major prey for at least some populations of over 100 species of consumer, including 40 species of birds, 12 species of marine mammals, 45 species of fishes, and some invertebrates. Variation in the availability of sand lance (and other forage fishes) can have major effects on the breeding success and survival of their predators. Commercial fishing and...
Authors
Mary F. Willson, Robert H. Armstrong, Martin D. Robards, John F. Piatt
Sandhill cranes and the Platte River Sandhill cranes and the Platte River
No abstract available.
Authors
Gary L. Krapu
Seasonal and semipermanent wetlands of California: invertebrate community ecology and responses to management methods Seasonal and semipermanent wetlands of California: invertebrate community ecology and responses to management methods
No abstract available.
Authors
Ferenc A. de Szalay, Ned H. Euliss, Darold P. Batzer
Setting the stage for a sustainable Pacific salmon fisheries strategy Setting the stage for a sustainable Pacific salmon fisheries strategy
Salmon and steelhead Oncorhynchus spp., have been keystone species for ecosystems and human cultures of the North American Pacific coast for cons. Yet, in the past century, many populations have been greatly diminished and some are now extinct-the result of a combination of factors, including habitat loss and degradation, overfishing, natural variability in salmon production, negative...
Authors
Donald D. MacDonald, Cleveland R. Steward, E. Eric Knudsen
Sirenia and sea otters sections Sirenia and sea otters sections
No abstract available.
Authors
G. B. Rathbun
Sodium cyanide hazards to fish and other wildlife from gold mining operations Sodium cyanide hazards to fish and other wildlife from gold mining operations
Highly toxic sodium cyanide (NaCN) is used increasingly by the international mining community to extract gold and other precious metals through milling of high grade ores and heap leaching of low grade ores. Of the 98 million kg cyanide (CN) consumed in North America in 1989, about 80% was used in gold mining (Knudson 1990). In Canada, more than 90% of the mined gold is extracted from...
Authors
R. Eisler, D. R. Clark, Stanley N. Wiemeyer, Charles J. Henny
Sora rail studies on the Patuxent River, Maryland Sora rail studies on the Patuxent River, Maryland
The freshwater marshes of the tidal Patuxent River are well known for their annual fall concentration of migrant soras (Porzana carolina) and were formerly the most famous rail hunting grounds in the Chesapeake Bay region. Because of concern over the apparent long-term decline in number of soras and the decline in the quality of the Patuxent marshes, especially the loss of wild rice...
Authors
G. Michael Haramis, Gregory D. Kearns
Space and time scales of shoreline change at Cape Cod National Seashore, MA, USA Space and time scales of shoreline change at Cape Cod National Seashore, MA, USA
Different processes cause patterns of shoreline change which are exhibited at different magnitudes and nested into different spatial and time scale hierarchies. The 77-km outer beach at Cape Cod National Seashore offers one of the few U.S. federally owned portions of beach to study shoreline change within the full range of sediment source and sink relationships, and barely affected by...
Authors
J.R. Allen, C.L. LaBash, J. H. List
Species succession and sustainability of the Great Lakes fish community Species succession and sustainability of the Great Lakes fish community
This article concentrates on the sustainability of the offshore pelagic and deepwater fish communities that were historically dominated by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The causes of alteration in these fish communities (i.e., overfishing, introductions, and cultural eutrophication) were identified by Loftus and Regier (1972). Here we look at the ecology of these altered communities...
Authors
Randy L. Eshenroder, Mary K. Burnham-Curtis
Spectroscopy of rocks and minerals and principles of spectroscopy Spectroscopy of rocks and minerals and principles of spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is the study of light as a function of wavelength that has been emitted, reflected or scattered from a solid, liquid, or gas. In this chapter I will primarily discuss the spectroscopy of minerals, but the principles apply to any material. No single chapter can cover this topic adequately, and one could argue, not even a single book. Thus, in some ways, this chapter may fall...
Authors
Roger N. Clark