Diagram of the process of water use from source (surface water, groundwater, reuse water) through transmission, utility reservoir, water treatment, distribution, and withdrawal for industry, residential, and commercial.
Althea A. Archer, PhD
(she/her)Dr. Althea A. Archer (she/her) is a Science Communicator in the Web Communications Branch of the USGS Water Resources Mission Area, Integrated Information Dissemination Division.
Althea combines her passion for communication, data visualization, and writing to tell stories of USGS water science to the public. Her goal is to make science accessible, understandable, and actionable for all.
Science and Products
Water Use Diagram
Diagram of the process of water use from source (surface water, groundwater, reuse water) through transmission, utility reservoir, water treatment, distribution, and withdrawal for industry, residential, and commercial.
Hypothetical Coastal Floodplain Diagram (with caption)
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical coastline showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical coastline showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
Hypothetical Riverine Floodplain Diagram (with caption)
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical river showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical river showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
Hypothetical Riverine Floodplain Diagram
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical river showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical river showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
Hypothetical Coastal Floodplain Diagram
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical coastline showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical coastline showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
Timeseries: down/upwards - Ocean currents cycle between warmer (el Niño) and cooler (la Niña) periods
linkA timeseries of monthly Oceanic Niño Index values from 1950 to 2023. The y-axis is mirrored at 0, with positive teal values indicating el Niño periods and negative lavender values corresponding to la Niña periods. The chart sits over a watercolor wash that has a gradient from teal at the top to lavender at the bottom.
Timeseries: down/upwards - Ocean currents cycle between warmer (el Niño) and cooler (la Niña) periods
linkA timeseries of monthly Oceanic Niño Index values from 1950 to 2023. The y-axis is mirrored at 0, with positive teal values indicating el Niño periods and negative lavender values corresponding to la Niña periods. The chart sits over a watercolor wash that has a gradient from teal at the top to lavender at the bottom.
Timeseries: correlation - Hysteresis (image 1)
A scatter plot of water temperature versus air temperature on April 27, 2019, for the Paine Run stream in Shenandoah National Park. Points are plotted for each 30-minute interval. Daytime points are hollow, while nighttime points are solid.
A scatter plot of water temperature versus air temperature on April 27, 2019, for the Paine Run stream in Shenandoah National Park. Points are plotted for each 30-minute interval. Daytime points are hollow, while nighttime points are solid.
Timeseries: correlation - Hysteresis (image 2)
Animation showing changes in stream temperature relative to air temperature over the course of a day. The animation begins at midnight, adding a point at each half-hour interval. After dawn, as air temperature starts warming, the stream warms more slowly than air, and water temperature lags behind air temperature.
Animation showing changes in stream temperature relative to air temperature over the course of a day. The animation begins at midnight, adding a point at each half-hour interval. After dawn, as air temperature starts warming, the stream warms more slowly than air, and water temperature lags behind air temperature.
Relationships: positive/negative - March 2023 snow covered area
A map of the contiguous U.S. using a snowflake hex pattern to show snow cover for March 2023. Snowier places are white with snow, emphasizing the Rocky Mountains and Sierra range in the western U.S., the Upper Midwest, and Maine in the northeast.
A map of the contiguous U.S. using a snowflake hex pattern to show snow cover for March 2023. Snowier places are white with snow, emphasizing the Rocky Mountains and Sierra range in the western U.S., the Upper Midwest, and Maine in the northeast.
Relationships: positive/negative - March 2023 relative snow covered area
A map of the contiguous U.S. using a snowflake hex pattern to show relative snow cover for March 2023 compared to 20-year average (2003 through 2022). Much of the western states experienced more snow than normal, such as the Rocky Mountains and the upper Great Plains. Much of the eastern U.S.
A map of the contiguous U.S. using a snowflake hex pattern to show relative snow cover for March 2023 compared to 20-year average (2003 through 2022). Much of the western states experienced more snow than normal, such as the Rocky Mountains and the upper Great Plains. Much of the eastern U.S.
Distributions: high/low - A tale of two winters
A Tale of two winters. A map of CONUS and lollipop style charts show the difference in percent snow covered area for February 2023 compared to the 20-year mean (2003-2022). Paired charts show the relationships between latitude, longitude, and difference in percent snow covered area, depicting two very different winters between the coasts.
A Tale of two winters. A map of CONUS and lollipop style charts show the difference in percent snow covered area for February 2023 compared to the 20-year mean (2003-2022). Paired charts show the relationships between latitude, longitude, and difference in percent snow covered area, depicting two very different winters between the coasts.
Comparisons: historical - minimum annual streamflow across generations
A data visualization showing how Minimum Annual Streamflow has changed from generation to generation over the past 100 years. Across the contiguous United States, streamflow has increased by 22% when comparing the baseline “Silent generation” (1920 – 1946) against the Gen Z years (1997-2020).
A data visualization showing how Minimum Annual Streamflow has changed from generation to generation over the past 100 years. Across the contiguous United States, streamflow has increased by 22% when comparing the baseline “Silent generation” (1920 – 1946) against the Gen Z years (1997-2020).
Comparisons: fauna/flora - urban trees
Six panel data visualization in the graphical form of a comic. The first panel is of a bright sun with trees lining a street that has tall buildings on either side.
Six panel data visualization in the graphical form of a comic. The first panel is of a bright sun with trees lining a street that has tall buildings on either side.
The Water Cycle (PNG)
This diagram, released in 2022, depicts the global water cycle. It shows how human water use affects where water is stored, how it moves, and how clean it is. This diagram is available in English and Spanish.
This diagram, released in 2022, depicts the global water cycle. It shows how human water use affects where water is stored, how it moves, and how clean it is. This diagram is available in English and Spanish.
El Ciclo del Agua - The Water Cycle, Spanish (PNG)
Este diagrama, publicado en 2022, representa el ciclo global del agua. Muestra cómo el uso humano del agua afecta dónde se almacena el agua, cómo se mueve y qué tan limpia es. Este diagrama está disponible en inglés y en español.
Este diagrama, publicado en 2022, representa el ciclo global del agua. Muestra cómo el uso humano del agua afecta dónde se almacena el agua, cómo se mueve y qué tan limpia es. Este diagrama está disponible en inglés y en español.
Science and Products
Water Use Diagram
Diagram of the process of water use from source (surface water, groundwater, reuse water) through transmission, utility reservoir, water treatment, distribution, and withdrawal for industry, residential, and commercial.
Diagram of the process of water use from source (surface water, groundwater, reuse water) through transmission, utility reservoir, water treatment, distribution, and withdrawal for industry, residential, and commercial.
Hypothetical Coastal Floodplain Diagram (with caption)
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical coastline showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical coastline showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
Hypothetical Riverine Floodplain Diagram (with caption)
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical river showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical river showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
Hypothetical Riverine Floodplain Diagram
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical river showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical river showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
Hypothetical Coastal Floodplain Diagram
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical coastline showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
A cross-sectional view of a hypothetical coastline showing one possible arrangement of the three Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) floodplain elevations (Climate-Informed Science Approach, the Freeboard Value Approach, and the 0.2% Annual-Chance Flood Approach) above the current Base Flood Elevation, i.e., the 1% annual-chance flood elevation.
Timeseries: down/upwards - Ocean currents cycle between warmer (el Niño) and cooler (la Niña) periods
linkA timeseries of monthly Oceanic Niño Index values from 1950 to 2023. The y-axis is mirrored at 0, with positive teal values indicating el Niño periods and negative lavender values corresponding to la Niña periods. The chart sits over a watercolor wash that has a gradient from teal at the top to lavender at the bottom.
Timeseries: down/upwards - Ocean currents cycle between warmer (el Niño) and cooler (la Niña) periods
linkA timeseries of monthly Oceanic Niño Index values from 1950 to 2023. The y-axis is mirrored at 0, with positive teal values indicating el Niño periods and negative lavender values corresponding to la Niña periods. The chart sits over a watercolor wash that has a gradient from teal at the top to lavender at the bottom.
Timeseries: correlation - Hysteresis (image 1)
A scatter plot of water temperature versus air temperature on April 27, 2019, for the Paine Run stream in Shenandoah National Park. Points are plotted for each 30-minute interval. Daytime points are hollow, while nighttime points are solid.
A scatter plot of water temperature versus air temperature on April 27, 2019, for the Paine Run stream in Shenandoah National Park. Points are plotted for each 30-minute interval. Daytime points are hollow, while nighttime points are solid.
Timeseries: correlation - Hysteresis (image 2)
Animation showing changes in stream temperature relative to air temperature over the course of a day. The animation begins at midnight, adding a point at each half-hour interval. After dawn, as air temperature starts warming, the stream warms more slowly than air, and water temperature lags behind air temperature.
Animation showing changes in stream temperature relative to air temperature over the course of a day. The animation begins at midnight, adding a point at each half-hour interval. After dawn, as air temperature starts warming, the stream warms more slowly than air, and water temperature lags behind air temperature.
Relationships: positive/negative - March 2023 snow covered area
A map of the contiguous U.S. using a snowflake hex pattern to show snow cover for March 2023. Snowier places are white with snow, emphasizing the Rocky Mountains and Sierra range in the western U.S., the Upper Midwest, and Maine in the northeast.
A map of the contiguous U.S. using a snowflake hex pattern to show snow cover for March 2023. Snowier places are white with snow, emphasizing the Rocky Mountains and Sierra range in the western U.S., the Upper Midwest, and Maine in the northeast.
Relationships: positive/negative - March 2023 relative snow covered area
A map of the contiguous U.S. using a snowflake hex pattern to show relative snow cover for March 2023 compared to 20-year average (2003 through 2022). Much of the western states experienced more snow than normal, such as the Rocky Mountains and the upper Great Plains. Much of the eastern U.S.
A map of the contiguous U.S. using a snowflake hex pattern to show relative snow cover for March 2023 compared to 20-year average (2003 through 2022). Much of the western states experienced more snow than normal, such as the Rocky Mountains and the upper Great Plains. Much of the eastern U.S.
Distributions: high/low - A tale of two winters
A Tale of two winters. A map of CONUS and lollipop style charts show the difference in percent snow covered area for February 2023 compared to the 20-year mean (2003-2022). Paired charts show the relationships between latitude, longitude, and difference in percent snow covered area, depicting two very different winters between the coasts.
A Tale of two winters. A map of CONUS and lollipop style charts show the difference in percent snow covered area for February 2023 compared to the 20-year mean (2003-2022). Paired charts show the relationships between latitude, longitude, and difference in percent snow covered area, depicting two very different winters between the coasts.
Comparisons: historical - minimum annual streamflow across generations
A data visualization showing how Minimum Annual Streamflow has changed from generation to generation over the past 100 years. Across the contiguous United States, streamflow has increased by 22% when comparing the baseline “Silent generation” (1920 – 1946) against the Gen Z years (1997-2020).
A data visualization showing how Minimum Annual Streamflow has changed from generation to generation over the past 100 years. Across the contiguous United States, streamflow has increased by 22% when comparing the baseline “Silent generation” (1920 – 1946) against the Gen Z years (1997-2020).
Comparisons: fauna/flora - urban trees
Six panel data visualization in the graphical form of a comic. The first panel is of a bright sun with trees lining a street that has tall buildings on either side.
Six panel data visualization in the graphical form of a comic. The first panel is of a bright sun with trees lining a street that has tall buildings on either side.
The Water Cycle (PNG)
This diagram, released in 2022, depicts the global water cycle. It shows how human water use affects where water is stored, how it moves, and how clean it is. This diagram is available in English and Spanish.
This diagram, released in 2022, depicts the global water cycle. It shows how human water use affects where water is stored, how it moves, and how clean it is. This diagram is available in English and Spanish.
El Ciclo del Agua - The Water Cycle, Spanish (PNG)
Este diagrama, publicado en 2022, representa el ciclo global del agua. Muestra cómo el uso humano del agua afecta dónde se almacena el agua, cómo se mueve y qué tan limpia es. Este diagrama está disponible en inglés y en español.
Este diagrama, publicado en 2022, representa el ciclo global del agua. Muestra cómo el uso humano del agua afecta dónde se almacena el agua, cómo se mueve y qué tan limpia es. Este diagrama está disponible en inglés y en español.