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Carol L Luukkonen

Carol Luukkonen is a Hydrologist with the Upper Midwest Water Science Center in Lansing, Michigan.

Her current research with the USGS deals with water use estimation and compilation, groundwater and surface water quality, and groundwater flow modeling.  Prior to working with the U.S. Geological Survey, Carol performed work including site investigations, groundwater sampling and aquifer analysis, and geostatistical analyses.

Science and Products

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Equipment enclosure and rain gage by agricultural field in Michigan

Isoxaflutole Monitoring

This project is investigating the potential persistence of isoxaflutole, a pesticide, and its metabolites in groundwater and surface water near agricultural fields in Michigan.
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Upper Midwest Water Science Center
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Isoxaflutole Monitoring

This project is investigating the potential persistence of isoxaflutole, a pesticide, and its metabolites in groundwater and surface water near agricultural fields in Michigan.
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USGS Hydrologist examining water collection using specialized equipment.

Lansing Area Emerging Contaminants

The USGS, in cooperation with the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, will analyze water sample results from 20 Lansing area wells. The objective of this study is to investigate well characteristics and other factors that may influence the susceptibility of drinking water-supply wells to contamination by contaminants of emerging concern. This information can be used by Lansing and other...
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Upper Midwest Water Science Center
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Lansing Area Emerging Contaminants

The USGS, in cooperation with the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, will analyze water sample results from 20 Lansing area wells. The objective of this study is to investigate well characteristics and other factors that may influence the susceptibility of drinking water-supply wells to contamination by contaminants of emerging concern. This information can be used by Lansing and other...
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Girls getting a glass of water at a well pump at The Tollgate House, Meridian Historical Village, Okemos, MI

Water Use in Michigan

The USGS compiles water use information by State including estimated amounts, sources, and categories of use every five years since 1950.
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Water Availability and Use Science Program, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
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Water Use in Michigan

The USGS compiles water use information by State including estimated amounts, sources, and categories of use every five years since 1950.
Learn More

MODFLOW-2000 and MODPATH models for simulations used to delineate contributing areas for 2017 pumping conditions to selected wells in Ingham County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey data release

A regional groundwater flow model (https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5244/) was updated to reflect 2017 pumping conditions in the Tri-County Region covering most of Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties, Michigan. This model was developed to simulate the regional hydrologic system in Tri-County area and continues to be used for planning and protection of area water supplies. Revised contributing area d
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Water Resources, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Filter Total Items: 21

Analysis of groundwater and surface water in areas of isoxaflutole application, Tuscola and Kalamazoo Counties, Michigan

The herbicide 5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl) isoxazole, also known as isoxaflutole (IXF), was conditionally approved for use on corn in Michigan in 2015. The fate of IXF and its degradates in different environmental settings and the processes by which these compounds move to groundwater or to surface-water bodies have been previously studied, but little information abo
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Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Factors affecting uncertainty of public supply, self-supplied domestic, irrigation, and thermoelectric water-use data, 1985–2015—Evaluation of information sources, estimation methods, and data variability

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water-Use Program is responsible for compiling and disseminating the Nation's water-use data. Working in cooperation with local, State, and Federal agencies, the USGS has collected and published national water-use estimates every 5 years, beginning in 1950. These water-use data may vary because of actual changes in water use, because of changes in estimation metho
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Water Resources, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center, New Jersey Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Delineation of contributing areas for 2017 pumping conditions to selected wells in Ingham County, Michigan

As part of local wellhead protection area programs, areascontributing water to production wells need to be periodicallyupdated because groundwater-flow paths depend in part onthe stresses to the groundwater-flow system. A steady-stategroundwater-flow model that was constructed in 2009 wasupdated to reflect recent (2017) pumping conditions in theLansing and East Lansing area in the Tri-County regio
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Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Estimation of monthly water yields and flows for 1951-2012 for the United States portion of the Great Lakes Basin with AFINCH

Monthly water yields from 105,829 catchments and corresponding flows in 107,691 stream segments were estimated for water years 1951–2012 in the Great Lakes Basin in the United States. Both sets of estimates were computed by using the Analysis of Flows In Networks of CHannels (AFINCH) application within the NHDPlus geospatial data framework. AFINCH provides an environment to develop constrained reg
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Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Delineation of contributing areas to selected wells in Ingham County, Michigan

A groundwater-flow model that was constructed in 2009 was updated to reflect recent (2011–12) pumping conditions in the Tri-County region, which consists of Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties, Michigan. As part of local wellhead protection area programs, areas contributing water to local production wells must be periodically updated, because groundwater-flow paths depend in part on the stresses,
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Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Relation between organic-wastewater compounds, groundwater geochemistry, and well characteristics for selected wells in Lansing, Michigan

In 2010, groundwater from 20 Lansing Board of Water and Light (BWL) production wells was tested for 69 organic-wastewater compounds (OWCs). The OWCs detected in one-half of the sampled wells are widely used in industrial and environmental applications and commonly occur in many wastes and stormwater. To identify factors that contribute to the occurrence of these constituents in BWL wells, the U.S.
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Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Estimation of groundwater use for a groundwater-flow model of the Lake Michigan Basin and adjacent areas, 1864-2005

The U.S. Geological Survey, at the request of Congress, is assessing the availability and use of the Nation's water resources to help characterize how much water is available now, how water availability is changing, and how much water can be expected to be available in the future. The Great Lakes Basin Pilot project of the U.S. Geological Survey national assessment of water availability and use fo
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Water Resources

Model Refinement and Simulation of Groundwater Flow in Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties, Michigan

A groundwater-flow model that was constructed in 1996 of the Saginaw aquifer was refined to better represent the regional hydrologic system in the Tri-County region, which consists of Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties, Michigan. With increasing demand for groundwater, the need to manage withdrawals from the Saginaw aquifer has become more important, and the 1996 model could not adequately addres
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Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Water use for irrigation in Michigan, 2001

Each year, water-use data for Michigan are compiled or estimated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), working in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). The resulting information provides a category-by-category profile of over 4,200 facilities throughout the State. The data are reported in the Michigan Water Use Reporting Program, which provides needed informati
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Water Resources, Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Simulation of ground-water flow in the Vevay Township area, Ingham County, Michigan

Ground water is the primary source of water for domestic, public-supply, and industrial use within the Tri-County region that includes Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties in Michigan. Because of the importance of this ground-water resource, numerous communities, including the city of Mason in Ingham County, have begun local Wellhead Protection Programs. In these programs, communities protect their
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Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Simulation of the ground-water-flow system in the Kalamazoo County area, Michigan

A ground-water-flow model was developed to investigate the ground-water resources of Kalamazoo County. Ground water is widely used as a source of water for drinking and industry in Kalamazoo County and the surrounding area. Additionally, lakes and streams are valued for their recreational and aesthetic uses. Stresses on the ground-water system, both natural and human-induced, have raised concerns
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Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Potential effects of climate change on ground water in Lansing, Michigan

Computer simulations involving general circulation models, a hydrologic modeling system, and a ground water flow model indicate potential impacts of selected climate change projections on ground water levels in the Lansing, Michigan, area. General circulation models developed by the Canadian Climate Centre and the Hadley Centre generated meteorology estimates for 1961 through 1990 (as a reference

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