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Natalie A Houston

Natalie Houston is a Hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey in Austin, Texas. She has been a Hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey since 1998.


Career Highlights:

Water-use specialist for the Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center since 2010

 

 

Education and Certifications

  • Natalie has a B.S. in Geology from the University of Texas at Austin, and a M.A. in Applied Geography from Texas State University.

Affiliations and Memberships*

  • She holds a professional geologist license in the state of Texas (number 3188).

Science and Products

Pecos River below Barstow Dam, Texas

Pecos River Basin Salinity Assessment

The USGS Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center assessed salinity of the Pecos River Basin from Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico to the confluence of Pecos River and Rio Grande, Texas. This assessment included an extensive literature review, compilation of previously published salinity related data, data gap analysis, additional data collection to fill data gaps, and identification of potential areas of...
By
New Mexico Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Pecos River Basin Salinity Assessment

Pecos River Basin Salinity Assessment

The USGS Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center assessed salinity of the Pecos River Basin from Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico to the confluence of Pecos River and Rio Grande, Texas. This assessment included an extensive literature review, compilation of previously published salinity related data, data gap analysis, additional data collection to fill data gaps, and identification of potential areas of...
Learn More
Rio Grande, Upper Canyons

Upper Rio Grande Basin Focus Area Study

USGS is undertaking a 3-year study of water use, availability, and change in the Upper Rio Grande Basin in one of several national “Focus Area Studies” in the Department of Interior’s WaterSMART initiative. The Upper Rio Grande study area runs 670 miles from its headwaters in Colorado through New Mexico and northern Mexico to Ft. Quitman, Texas. Along its river corridor, it is a primary source of...
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Upper Rio Grande Basin Focus Area Study

Upper Rio Grande Basin Focus Area Study

USGS is undertaking a 3-year study of water use, availability, and change in the Upper Rio Grande Basin in one of several national “Focus Area Studies” in the Department of Interior’s WaterSMART initiative. The Upper Rio Grande study area runs 670 miles from its headwaters in Colorado through New Mexico and northern Mexico to Ft. Quitman, Texas. Along its river corridor, it is a primary source of...
Learn More
Abstract view of Houston, TX

Coastal Lowlands Regional Groundwater Availability Study

USGS is undertaking a 5-year study to assess groundwater availability for the aquifers proximal to the Gulf of America from the Texas-Mexico border through the panhandle of Florida, known as the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System (CLAS). This study is one of several within the Regional Groundwater Availability Studies of the USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program.
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Gulf of America
Coastal Lowlands Regional Groundwater Availability Study

Coastal Lowlands Regional Groundwater Availability Study

USGS is undertaking a 5-year study to assess groundwater availability for the aquifers proximal to the Gulf of America from the Texas-Mexico border through the panhandle of Florida, known as the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System (CLAS). This study is one of several within the Regional Groundwater Availability Studies of the USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program.
Learn More
Evapotranspiration station on grasslands in Texas

Water Budget Science in Oklahoma and Texas

A water budget is an accounting of hydrologic components of the water cycle, transfers between the components, and their relative contributions within a water system. Water budgets help define how much water is available, how much water is used, where the water comes from, and at what rate water is replenished or consumed. In its simplest form, a water budget defines the amount of water entering...
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Water Budget Science in Oklahoma and Texas

Water Budget Science in Oklahoma and Texas

A water budget is an accounting of hydrologic components of the water cycle, transfers between the components, and their relative contributions within a water system. Water budgets help define how much water is available, how much water is used, where the water comes from, and at what rate water is replenished or consumed. In its simplest form, a water budget defines the amount of water entering...
Learn More
Oil and Gas 4

Estimating National Water Use Associated with Continuous Oil and Gas Development

Project Period: 2016-ongoing Cooperator: U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program Project Chiefs: Ryan McShane and Jeremy McDowell
By
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
Estimating National Water Use Associated with Continuous Oil and Gas Development

Estimating National Water Use Associated with Continuous Oil and Gas Development

Project Period: 2016-ongoing Cooperator: U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program Project Chiefs: Ryan McShane and Jeremy McDowell
Learn More

Public-Supply Water Service Areas Within the Conterminous United States, 2017 Public-Supply Water Service Areas Within the Conterminous United States, 2017

This data release describes water service areas (WSA) for community water systems (CWS) within the conterminous United States, representing areas of active service between 2010 and 2020. A WSA is defined by a delineated polygon that contains all customers served by a water system. WSAs are represented by an ArcGIS shapefile. The U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act defines a CWS as a type of...
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Public supply water use reanalysis for the 2000-2020 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, August 2024) Public supply water use reanalysis for the 2000-2020 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, August 2024)

The U.S. Geological Survey is developing national water-use models to support water resources management in the United States. Model benefits include a nationally consistent estimation approach, greater temporal and spatial resolution of estimates, efficient and automated updates of results, and capabilities to forecast water use into the future and assess model uncertainty. The term...
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Integrated Water Availability Assessments

Data Tables Associated with an Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey's Historical Water-use Data, 1985–2015 Data Tables Associated with an Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey's Historical Water-use Data, 1985–2015

The datasets in this data release contain the results of an analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey's historical water-use data from 1985 to 2015. Data were assessed to determine the top category of water-use by volume. Data from groundwater, surface water, and total water (groundwater plus surface water) use were parsed by water type, and the top category of use by county or the...
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Hydrogeologic, geologic, and water-level data for the groundwater component of the upper Rio Grande Focus Area Study, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, United States and Chihuahua, Mexico 2017 Hydrogeologic, geologic, and water-level data for the groundwater component of the upper Rio Grande Focus Area Study, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, United States and Chihuahua, Mexico 2017

This Data Release contains various types of hydrologic and geologic data from the Upper Rio Grande Focus Area Study from 1921-2017, including groundwater-level measurement data compiled and synthesized from various sources, water-level altitude and water-level change maps developed from the water-level measurement data every 5 years from 1980-2015, and the horizontal extent of 13...
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Groundwater-withdrawal data from the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System in parts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, 1925-2018 Groundwater-withdrawal data from the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System in parts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, 1925-2018

This data release contains compiled historical groundwater-withdrawal data for the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida from 1925 to 2018. Most groundwater-withdrawals were distributed to groundwater wells and separated into water-use categories of industrial, production wells, power generation, mining, domestic, irrigation, livestock or...
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Groundwater withdrawals from the Hueco Bolson, Mesilla Basin, and the Rio Grande alluvium in El Paso and Hudspeth Counties, Texas, 1980-2018 Groundwater withdrawals from the Hueco Bolson, Mesilla Basin, and the Rio Grande alluvium in El Paso and Hudspeth Counties, Texas, 1980-2018

This data release contains compiled groundwater withdrawal data from 1980 to 2018 for the Hueco Bolson, Mesilla Basin, and the Rio Grande alluvium in El Paso and Hudspeth Counties, Texas. Most groundwater withdrawal volumes were distributed to wells and separated into water-use categories. The data were compiled, distributed, and categorized as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s...
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Data to Estimate Water Use Associated with Continuous Oil and Gas Development, Permian Basin, United States, 1980-2019. Data to Estimate Water Use Associated with Continuous Oil and Gas Development, Permian Basin, United States, 1980-2019.

One of the largest conventional oil reservoirs in the United States, the Permian Basin, is becoming one of the world?s largest continuous oil and gas producing reservoirs. Continuous, or horizontal well drilling techniques extract oil and gas by directionally drilling and hydraulically fracturing the surrounding reservoir rock. The continuous extraction of oil and gas using hydraulic...
By
New Mexico Water Science Center

Estimated Use of Water by Subbasin (HUC8) in the Red River Basin, 2010 and 2015 Estimated Use of Water by Subbasin (HUC8) in the Red River Basin, 2010 and 2015

The Red River basin is one of several national "focus area studies" in the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Census. The objective of the National Water Census is to provide nationally-consistent base layers of well-documented data that account for water availability and use nationally. A focus area study (FAS) is a stakeholder-driven assessment of water availability in river basins...
By
Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center

Data Used to Assess the Hydrogeologic Framework with Emphasis on the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity Aquifers, in and Near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas, 2018 Data Used to Assess the Hydrogeologic Framework with Emphasis on the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity Aquifers, in and Near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas, 2018

More than 11,500 well records, such as geophysical logs, drilling descriptions, and published hydrogeologic framework information, were evaluated to help characterize the framework of hydrogeologic units in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas. Additional geophysical data were collected to improve the spatial coverage across the study area and to reduce uncertainty with...
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Water-level altitudes 2015 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2014 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas Water-level altitudes 2015 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2014 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas

Most of the land-surface subsidence in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas, has occurred as a direct result of groundwater withdrawals for municipal supply, commercial and industrial use, and irrigation that depressured and dewatered the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, thereby causing compaction of the aquifer sediments, mostly in the fine-grained silt and clay layers. This report...
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Water-level altitudes 2009 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2008 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas Water-level altitudes 2009 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2008 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas

This report, done in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, the City of Houston, the Fort Bend Subsidence District, and the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports that depicts water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, and compaction in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in...
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Water-level altitudes 2008 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2007 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas Water-level altitudes 2008 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2007 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas

This report, done in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, the City of Houston, the Fort Bend Subsidence District, and the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports that depicts water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, and compaction in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in...
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Hydrogeologic characterization of the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer, Bosque County to Fort Bend County, Texas Hydrogeologic characterization of the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer, Bosque County to Fort Bend County, Texas

Introduction The Brazos River alluvium aquifer underlies the Brazos River in Texas from Bosque County to Fort Bend County. The aquifer, one of 21 minor aquifers in the State, supplies water for irrigation, domestic, stock, and commercial use. The Brazos River alluvium aquifer likely will become more important in the future as demand for water increases statewide. A thorough understanding...
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Water-level altitudes 2007 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2006 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas Water-level altitudes 2007 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2006 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas

This report, done in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, the City of Houston, the Fort Bend Subsidence District, and the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports that depicts water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, and compaction in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in...
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding in the Texas southern highplains
USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding
USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding
USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding in the Texas southern highplains

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding in the Texas southern highplains to measure hydrogeologic properties below the land surface.

By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Communications and Publishing
USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding in the Texas southern highplains

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding in the Texas southern highplains to measure hydrogeologic properties below the land surface.

By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Communications and Publishing
Filter Total Items: 37

Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States

Public supply water withdrawals represent 14% of all withdrawals in the conterminous United States (CONUS), supplying approximately 87% of the population with fresh water. Deliveries for public water supply are crucial for associating water use amounts with populations because they often differ from total withdrawals due to wholesales, transfers, losses, and other factors. Understanding...
Authors
Joshua Larsen, Ayman Alzraiee, Richard G. Niswonger, Donald Martin, Cheryl Buchwald, Cheryl A. Dieter, Carol Luukkonen, Jana Stewart, Scott Paulinski, Lisa Miller, Natalie Houston
By
California Water Science Center

Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks

Estimation of human water withdrawals is more important now than ever due to uncertain water supplies, population growth, and climate change. Fourteen percent of the total water withdrawal in the United States is used for public supply, typically including deliveries to domestic, commercial, and occasionally including industrial, irrigation, and thermoelectric water withdrawal. Stewards...
Authors
Ayman Alzraiee, Richard Niswonger, Carol L. Luukkonen, Joshua Larsen, Donald Martin, Deidre Herbert, Cheryl Buchwald, Cheryl A. Dieter, Lisa Miller, Jana Stewart, Natalie Houston, Scott R. Paulinski, Kristen Valseth
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, California Water Science Center, Colorado Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Development and evaluation of public-supply community water service area boundaries for the conterminous United States Development and evaluation of public-supply community water service area boundaries for the conterminous United States

The water service area dataset, derived from the National Boundary Dataset for public-supply water systems in the United States, offers a detailed resolution surpassing county-level assessments, emphasizing water-centric land use. Crucial for linking populations and infrastructure to system withdrawals, it supports the creation of a national public-supply water-use model, enhancing...
Authors
Cheryl Buchwald, Natalie Houston, Jana Stewart, Ayman Alzraiee, Richard Niswonger, Joshua Larsen
By
Water Resources Mission Area, California Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Upper Rio Grande Basin water-resource status and trends: Focus area study review and synthesis Upper Rio Grande Basin water-resource status and trends: Focus area study review and synthesis

The Upper Rio Grande Basin (URGB) is a critical international water resource under pressure from a myriad of climatic, ecological, infrastructural, water-use, and legal constraints. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the spatial distribution and temporal trends of selected water-budget components (snow processes, evapotranspiration (ET), streamflow...
Authors
Kyle R. Douglas-Mankin, Christine Rumsey, Graham A. Sexstone, Tamara Ivahnenko, Natalie Houston, Shaleene Chavarria, Gabriel Senay, Linzy Foster, Jonathan V. Thomas, Allison Flickinger, Amy Galanter, C. Moeser, Toby Welborn, Diana Pedraza, Patrick M. Lambert, Michael Johnson
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Colorado Water Science Center, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , Utah Water Science Center, New Mexico Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Estimates of water use associated with continuous oil and gas development in the Permian Basin, Texas and New Mexico, 2010–19, with comparisons to the Williston Basin, North Dakota and Montana Estimates of water use associated with continuous oil and gas development in the Permian Basin, Texas and New Mexico, 2010–19, with comparisons to the Williston Basin, North Dakota and Montana

The Permian Basin, in west Texas and southeastern New Mexico is one of the largest conventional oil and gas reservoirs in the United States and is becoming one of the world’s largest continuous oil and gas (COG) reservoirs. Advances in technology have enabled oil and gas to be extracted from reservoirs that historically were developed using conventional, or vertical, well drilling...
Authors
Natalie Houston, Grady Ball, Amy Galanter, Joshua F. Valder, Ryan McShane, Joanna N. Thamke, Jeremy S. McDowell
By
Water Resources Mission Area, New Mexico Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Estimates of water use associated with continuous oil and gas development in the Permian Basin, Texas and New Mexico, 2010–19 Estimates of water use associated with continuous oil and gas development in the Permian Basin, Texas and New Mexico, 2010–19

In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey started a topical study to quantify water use in areas of continuous oil and gas (COG) development. The first phase of the study was completed in 2019 and analyzed the Williston Basin. The second phase of the study analyzed the Permian Basin using the same techniques and approaches used for the Williston Basin analysis. The Permian Basin was selected...
Authors
Joshua F. Valder, Ryan McShane, Joanna N. Thamke, Jeremy S. McDowell, Grady Ball, Natalie Houston, Amy Galanter
By
Water Resources Mission Area, New Mexico Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, Dakota Water Science Center

Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater characterization in selected alluvial basins in the upper Rio Grande basin, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, United States, and Chihuahua, Mexico, 1980 to 2015 Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater characterization in selected alluvial basins in the upper Rio Grande basin, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, United States, and Chihuahua, Mexico, 1980 to 2015

Increasing demand for the limited water resources of the United States continues to put pressure on resource management agencies to balance the competing needs of ecosystem health with municipal, agricultural, and other uses. To meet these needs, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a multiyear study to evaluate water resources in the upper Rio Grande Basin in the southwestern United...
Authors
Natalie Houston, Jonathan Thomas, Linzy Foster, Diana Pedraza, Toby Welborn
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Risk-based decision-support groundwater modeling for the lower San Antonio River Basin, Texas, USA Risk-based decision-support groundwater modeling for the lower San Antonio River Basin, Texas, USA

A numerical surface-water/groundwater model was developed for the lower San Antonio River Basin to evaluate the responses of low base flows and groundwater levels within the basin under conditions of reduced recharge and increased groundwater withdrawals. Batch data assimilation through history matching used a simulation of historical conditions (2006-2013); this process included history...
Authors
Linzy Foster, Jeremy White, Andrew Leaf, Natalie Houston, Aarin Teague
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Pecos River Basin salinity assessment, Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico, to the confluence of the Pecos River and the Rio Grande, Texas, 2015 Pecos River Basin salinity assessment, Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico, to the confluence of the Pecos River and the Rio Grande, Texas, 2015

The elevated salinity of the Pecos River throughout much of its length is of paramount concern to water users and water managers. Dissolved-solids concentrations in the Pecos River exceed 3,000 milligrams per liter in many of its reaches in the study area, from Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico, to the confluence of the Pecos River with the Rio Grande, Texas. The salinity of the Pecos River...
Authors
Natalie Houston, Jonathan V. Thomas, Patricia B. Ging, Andrew P. Teeple, Diana E. Pedraza, David Wallace
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Updated numerical model with uncertainty assessment of 1950-56 drought conditions on brackish-water movement within the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas Updated numerical model with uncertainty assessment of 1950-56 drought conditions on brackish-water movement within the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas

In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, began a study to assess the brackish-water movement within the Edwards aquifer (more specifically the potential for brackish-water encroachment into wells near the interface between the freshwater and brackish-water transition zones, referred to in this report as the transition-zone interface) and...
Authors
Linzy K. Brakefield, Jeremy T. White, Natalie Houston, Jonathan Thomas
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas

The Edwards-Trinity aquifer is a vital groundwater resource for agricultural, industrial, and public supply uses in the Pecos County region of western Texas. The U.S. Geological Survey completed a comprehensive, integrated analysis of available hydrogeologic data to develop a numerical groundwater-flow model of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the study area in parts of...
Authors
Brian Clark, Johnathan Bumgarner, Natalie Houston, Adam Foster
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Geodatabase compilation of hydrogeologic, remote sensing, and water-budget-component data for the High Plains aquifer, 2011 Geodatabase compilation of hydrogeologic, remote sensing, and water-budget-component data for the High Plains aquifer, 2011

The High Plains aquifer underlies almost 112 million acres in the central United States. It is one of the largest aquifers in the Nation in terms of annual groundwater withdrawals and provides drinking water for 2.3 million people. The High Plains aquifer has gained national and international attention as a highly stressed groundwater supply primarily because it has been appreciably...
Authors
Natalie Houston, Sophia Gonzales-Bradford, Amanda T. Flynn, Sharon Qi, Steven Peterson, Jennifer Stanton, Derek Ryter, Terry Sohl, Gabriel B. Senay
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Geonarrative: Water-Use Data-Gap Analysis Geonarrative: Water-Use Data-Gap Analysis

This water-use data-gap analysis analyzed the differences between the current state of the Nation's water-use data and the data needed to achieve the long-term goals of the USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program.
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Science and Products

Pecos River below Barstow Dam, Texas

Pecos River Basin Salinity Assessment

The USGS Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center assessed salinity of the Pecos River Basin from Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico to the confluence of Pecos River and Rio Grande, Texas. This assessment included an extensive literature review, compilation of previously published salinity related data, data gap analysis, additional data collection to fill data gaps, and identification of potential areas of...
By
New Mexico Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Pecos River Basin Salinity Assessment

Pecos River Basin Salinity Assessment

The USGS Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center assessed salinity of the Pecos River Basin from Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico to the confluence of Pecos River and Rio Grande, Texas. This assessment included an extensive literature review, compilation of previously published salinity related data, data gap analysis, additional data collection to fill data gaps, and identification of potential areas of...
Learn More
Rio Grande, Upper Canyons

Upper Rio Grande Basin Focus Area Study

USGS is undertaking a 3-year study of water use, availability, and change in the Upper Rio Grande Basin in one of several national “Focus Area Studies” in the Department of Interior’s WaterSMART initiative. The Upper Rio Grande study area runs 670 miles from its headwaters in Colorado through New Mexico and northern Mexico to Ft. Quitman, Texas. Along its river corridor, it is a primary source of...
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Upper Rio Grande Basin Focus Area Study

Upper Rio Grande Basin Focus Area Study

USGS is undertaking a 3-year study of water use, availability, and change in the Upper Rio Grande Basin in one of several national “Focus Area Studies” in the Department of Interior’s WaterSMART initiative. The Upper Rio Grande study area runs 670 miles from its headwaters in Colorado through New Mexico and northern Mexico to Ft. Quitman, Texas. Along its river corridor, it is a primary source of...
Learn More
Abstract view of Houston, TX

Coastal Lowlands Regional Groundwater Availability Study

USGS is undertaking a 5-year study to assess groundwater availability for the aquifers proximal to the Gulf of America from the Texas-Mexico border through the panhandle of Florida, known as the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System (CLAS). This study is one of several within the Regional Groundwater Availability Studies of the USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program.
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Gulf of America
Coastal Lowlands Regional Groundwater Availability Study

Coastal Lowlands Regional Groundwater Availability Study

USGS is undertaking a 5-year study to assess groundwater availability for the aquifers proximal to the Gulf of America from the Texas-Mexico border through the panhandle of Florida, known as the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System (CLAS). This study is one of several within the Regional Groundwater Availability Studies of the USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program.
Learn More
Evapotranspiration station on grasslands in Texas

Water Budget Science in Oklahoma and Texas

A water budget is an accounting of hydrologic components of the water cycle, transfers between the components, and their relative contributions within a water system. Water budgets help define how much water is available, how much water is used, where the water comes from, and at what rate water is replenished or consumed. In its simplest form, a water budget defines the amount of water entering...
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
Water Budget Science in Oklahoma and Texas

Water Budget Science in Oklahoma and Texas

A water budget is an accounting of hydrologic components of the water cycle, transfers between the components, and their relative contributions within a water system. Water budgets help define how much water is available, how much water is used, where the water comes from, and at what rate water is replenished or consumed. In its simplest form, a water budget defines the amount of water entering...
Learn More
Oil and Gas 4

Estimating National Water Use Associated with Continuous Oil and Gas Development

Project Period: 2016-ongoing Cooperator: U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program Project Chiefs: Ryan McShane and Jeremy McDowell
By
Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
Estimating National Water Use Associated with Continuous Oil and Gas Development

Estimating National Water Use Associated with Continuous Oil and Gas Development

Project Period: 2016-ongoing Cooperator: U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program Project Chiefs: Ryan McShane and Jeremy McDowell
Learn More

Public-Supply Water Service Areas Within the Conterminous United States, 2017 Public-Supply Water Service Areas Within the Conterminous United States, 2017

This data release describes water service areas (WSA) for community water systems (CWS) within the conterminous United States, representing areas of active service between 2010 and 2020. A WSA is defined by a delineated polygon that contains all customers served by a water system. WSAs are represented by an ArcGIS shapefile. The U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act defines a CWS as a type of...
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Public supply water use reanalysis for the 2000-2020 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, August 2024) Public supply water use reanalysis for the 2000-2020 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, August 2024)

The U.S. Geological Survey is developing national water-use models to support water resources management in the United States. Model benefits include a nationally consistent estimation approach, greater temporal and spatial resolution of estimates, efficient and automated updates of results, and capabilities to forecast water use into the future and assess model uncertainty. The term...
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Integrated Water Availability Assessments

Data Tables Associated with an Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey's Historical Water-use Data, 1985–2015 Data Tables Associated with an Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey's Historical Water-use Data, 1985–2015

The datasets in this data release contain the results of an analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey's historical water-use data from 1985 to 2015. Data were assessed to determine the top category of water-use by volume. Data from groundwater, surface water, and total water (groundwater plus surface water) use were parsed by water type, and the top category of use by county or the...
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Hydrogeologic, geologic, and water-level data for the groundwater component of the upper Rio Grande Focus Area Study, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, United States and Chihuahua, Mexico 2017 Hydrogeologic, geologic, and water-level data for the groundwater component of the upper Rio Grande Focus Area Study, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, United States and Chihuahua, Mexico 2017

This Data Release contains various types of hydrologic and geologic data from the Upper Rio Grande Focus Area Study from 1921-2017, including groundwater-level measurement data compiled and synthesized from various sources, water-level altitude and water-level change maps developed from the water-level measurement data every 5 years from 1980-2015, and the horizontal extent of 13...
By
Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Groundwater-withdrawal data from the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System in parts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, 1925-2018 Groundwater-withdrawal data from the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System in parts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, 1925-2018

This data release contains compiled historical groundwater-withdrawal data for the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida from 1925 to 2018. Most groundwater-withdrawals were distributed to groundwater wells and separated into water-use categories of industrial, production wells, power generation, mining, domestic, irrigation, livestock or...
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Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Groundwater withdrawals from the Hueco Bolson, Mesilla Basin, and the Rio Grande alluvium in El Paso and Hudspeth Counties, Texas, 1980-2018 Groundwater withdrawals from the Hueco Bolson, Mesilla Basin, and the Rio Grande alluvium in El Paso and Hudspeth Counties, Texas, 1980-2018

This data release contains compiled groundwater withdrawal data from 1980 to 2018 for the Hueco Bolson, Mesilla Basin, and the Rio Grande alluvium in El Paso and Hudspeth Counties, Texas. Most groundwater withdrawal volumes were distributed to wells and separated into water-use categories. The data were compiled, distributed, and categorized as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s...
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Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Data to Estimate Water Use Associated with Continuous Oil and Gas Development, Permian Basin, United States, 1980-2019. Data to Estimate Water Use Associated with Continuous Oil and Gas Development, Permian Basin, United States, 1980-2019.

One of the largest conventional oil reservoirs in the United States, the Permian Basin, is becoming one of the world?s largest continuous oil and gas producing reservoirs. Continuous, or horizontal well drilling techniques extract oil and gas by directionally drilling and hydraulically fracturing the surrounding reservoir rock. The continuous extraction of oil and gas using hydraulic...
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New Mexico Water Science Center

Estimated Use of Water by Subbasin (HUC8) in the Red River Basin, 2010 and 2015 Estimated Use of Water by Subbasin (HUC8) in the Red River Basin, 2010 and 2015

The Red River basin is one of several national "focus area studies" in the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Census. The objective of the National Water Census is to provide nationally-consistent base layers of well-documented data that account for water availability and use nationally. A focus area study (FAS) is a stakeholder-driven assessment of water availability in river basins...
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Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center

Data Used to Assess the Hydrogeologic Framework with Emphasis on the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity Aquifers, in and Near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas, 2018 Data Used to Assess the Hydrogeologic Framework with Emphasis on the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity Aquifers, in and Near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas, 2018

More than 11,500 well records, such as geophysical logs, drilling descriptions, and published hydrogeologic framework information, were evaluated to help characterize the framework of hydrogeologic units in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas. Additional geophysical data were collected to improve the spatial coverage across the study area and to reduce uncertainty with...
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Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Water-level altitudes 2015 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2014 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas Water-level altitudes 2015 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2014 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas

Most of the land-surface subsidence in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas, has occurred as a direct result of groundwater withdrawals for municipal supply, commercial and industrial use, and irrigation that depressured and dewatered the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, thereby causing compaction of the aquifer sediments, mostly in the fine-grained silt and clay layers. This report...
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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Water-level altitudes 2009 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2008 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas Water-level altitudes 2009 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2008 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas

This report, done in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, the City of Houston, the Fort Bend Subsidence District, and the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports that depicts water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, and compaction in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in...
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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Water-level altitudes 2008 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2007 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas Water-level altitudes 2008 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2007 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas

This report, done in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, the City of Houston, the Fort Bend Subsidence District, and the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports that depicts water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, and compaction in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in...
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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Hydrogeologic characterization of the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer, Bosque County to Fort Bend County, Texas Hydrogeologic characterization of the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer, Bosque County to Fort Bend County, Texas

Introduction The Brazos River alluvium aquifer underlies the Brazos River in Texas from Bosque County to Fort Bend County. The aquifer, one of 21 minor aquifers in the State, supplies water for irrigation, domestic, stock, and commercial use. The Brazos River alluvium aquifer likely will become more important in the future as demand for water increases statewide. A thorough understanding...
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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Water-level altitudes 2007 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2006 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas Water-level altitudes 2007 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2006 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas

This report, done in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, the City of Houston, the Fort Bend Subsidence District, and the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports that depicts water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, and compaction in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in...
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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding in the Texas southern highplains
USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding
USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding
USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding in the Texas southern highplains

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding in the Texas southern highplains to measure hydrogeologic properties below the land surface.

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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Communications and Publishing
USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding in the Texas southern highplains

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding

USGS scientists collect time-domain electromagnetic sounding in the Texas southern highplains to measure hydrogeologic properties below the land surface.

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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Communications and Publishing
Filter Total Items: 37

Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States

Public supply water withdrawals represent 14% of all withdrawals in the conterminous United States (CONUS), supplying approximately 87% of the population with fresh water. Deliveries for public water supply are crucial for associating water use amounts with populations because they often differ from total withdrawals due to wholesales, transfers, losses, and other factors. Understanding...
Authors
Joshua Larsen, Ayman Alzraiee, Richard G. Niswonger, Donald Martin, Cheryl Buchwald, Cheryl A. Dieter, Carol Luukkonen, Jana Stewart, Scott Paulinski, Lisa Miller, Natalie Houston
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California Water Science Center

Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks

Estimation of human water withdrawals is more important now than ever due to uncertain water supplies, population growth, and climate change. Fourteen percent of the total water withdrawal in the United States is used for public supply, typically including deliveries to domestic, commercial, and occasionally including industrial, irrigation, and thermoelectric water withdrawal. Stewards...
Authors
Ayman Alzraiee, Richard Niswonger, Carol L. Luukkonen, Joshua Larsen, Donald Martin, Deidre Herbert, Cheryl Buchwald, Cheryl A. Dieter, Lisa Miller, Jana Stewart, Natalie Houston, Scott R. Paulinski, Kristen Valseth
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Water Resources Mission Area, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, California Water Science Center, Colorado Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Development and evaluation of public-supply community water service area boundaries for the conterminous United States Development and evaluation of public-supply community water service area boundaries for the conterminous United States

The water service area dataset, derived from the National Boundary Dataset for public-supply water systems in the United States, offers a detailed resolution surpassing county-level assessments, emphasizing water-centric land use. Crucial for linking populations and infrastructure to system withdrawals, it supports the creation of a national public-supply water-use model, enhancing...
Authors
Cheryl Buchwald, Natalie Houston, Jana Stewart, Ayman Alzraiee, Richard Niswonger, Joshua Larsen
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Water Resources Mission Area, California Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center

Upper Rio Grande Basin water-resource status and trends: Focus area study review and synthesis Upper Rio Grande Basin water-resource status and trends: Focus area study review and synthesis

The Upper Rio Grande Basin (URGB) is a critical international water resource under pressure from a myriad of climatic, ecological, infrastructural, water-use, and legal constraints. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the spatial distribution and temporal trends of selected water-budget components (snow processes, evapotranspiration (ET), streamflow...
Authors
Kyle R. Douglas-Mankin, Christine Rumsey, Graham A. Sexstone, Tamara Ivahnenko, Natalie Houston, Shaleene Chavarria, Gabriel Senay, Linzy Foster, Jonathan V. Thomas, Allison Flickinger, Amy Galanter, C. Moeser, Toby Welborn, Diana Pedraza, Patrick M. Lambert, Michael Johnson
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Water Resources Mission Area, Colorado Water Science Center, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , Utah Water Science Center, New Mexico Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Estimates of water use associated with continuous oil and gas development in the Permian Basin, Texas and New Mexico, 2010–19, with comparisons to the Williston Basin, North Dakota and Montana Estimates of water use associated with continuous oil and gas development in the Permian Basin, Texas and New Mexico, 2010–19, with comparisons to the Williston Basin, North Dakota and Montana

The Permian Basin, in west Texas and southeastern New Mexico is one of the largest conventional oil and gas reservoirs in the United States and is becoming one of the world’s largest continuous oil and gas (COG) reservoirs. Advances in technology have enabled oil and gas to be extracted from reservoirs that historically were developed using conventional, or vertical, well drilling...
Authors
Natalie Houston, Grady Ball, Amy Galanter, Joshua F. Valder, Ryan McShane, Joanna N. Thamke, Jeremy S. McDowell
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Water Resources Mission Area, New Mexico Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Estimates of water use associated with continuous oil and gas development in the Permian Basin, Texas and New Mexico, 2010–19 Estimates of water use associated with continuous oil and gas development in the Permian Basin, Texas and New Mexico, 2010–19

In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey started a topical study to quantify water use in areas of continuous oil and gas (COG) development. The first phase of the study was completed in 2019 and analyzed the Williston Basin. The second phase of the study analyzed the Permian Basin using the same techniques and approaches used for the Williston Basin analysis. The Permian Basin was selected...
Authors
Joshua F. Valder, Ryan McShane, Joanna N. Thamke, Jeremy S. McDowell, Grady Ball, Natalie Houston, Amy Galanter
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Water Resources Mission Area, New Mexico Water Science Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, Dakota Water Science Center

Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater characterization in selected alluvial basins in the upper Rio Grande basin, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, United States, and Chihuahua, Mexico, 1980 to 2015 Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater characterization in selected alluvial basins in the upper Rio Grande basin, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, United States, and Chihuahua, Mexico, 1980 to 2015

Increasing demand for the limited water resources of the United States continues to put pressure on resource management agencies to balance the competing needs of ecosystem health with municipal, agricultural, and other uses. To meet these needs, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a multiyear study to evaluate water resources in the upper Rio Grande Basin in the southwestern United...
Authors
Natalie Houston, Jonathan Thomas, Linzy Foster, Diana Pedraza, Toby Welborn
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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Risk-based decision-support groundwater modeling for the lower San Antonio River Basin, Texas, USA Risk-based decision-support groundwater modeling for the lower San Antonio River Basin, Texas, USA

A numerical surface-water/groundwater model was developed for the lower San Antonio River Basin to evaluate the responses of low base flows and groundwater levels within the basin under conditions of reduced recharge and increased groundwater withdrawals. Batch data assimilation through history matching used a simulation of historical conditions (2006-2013); this process included history...
Authors
Linzy Foster, Jeremy White, Andrew Leaf, Natalie Houston, Aarin Teague
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Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Pecos River Basin salinity assessment, Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico, to the confluence of the Pecos River and the Rio Grande, Texas, 2015 Pecos River Basin salinity assessment, Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico, to the confluence of the Pecos River and the Rio Grande, Texas, 2015

The elevated salinity of the Pecos River throughout much of its length is of paramount concern to water users and water managers. Dissolved-solids concentrations in the Pecos River exceed 3,000 milligrams per liter in many of its reaches in the study area, from Santa Rosa Lake, New Mexico, to the confluence of the Pecos River with the Rio Grande, Texas. The salinity of the Pecos River...
Authors
Natalie Houston, Jonathan V. Thomas, Patricia B. Ging, Andrew P. Teeple, Diana E. Pedraza, David Wallace
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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Updated numerical model with uncertainty assessment of 1950-56 drought conditions on brackish-water movement within the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas Updated numerical model with uncertainty assessment of 1950-56 drought conditions on brackish-water movement within the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas

In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, began a study to assess the brackish-water movement within the Edwards aquifer (more specifically the potential for brackish-water encroachment into wells near the interface between the freshwater and brackish-water transition zones, referred to in this report as the transition-zone interface) and...
Authors
Linzy K. Brakefield, Jeremy T. White, Natalie Houston, Jonathan Thomas
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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas

The Edwards-Trinity aquifer is a vital groundwater resource for agricultural, industrial, and public supply uses in the Pecos County region of western Texas. The U.S. Geological Survey completed a comprehensive, integrated analysis of available hydrogeologic data to develop a numerical groundwater-flow model of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the study area in parts of...
Authors
Brian Clark, Johnathan Bumgarner, Natalie Houston, Adam Foster
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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Geodatabase compilation of hydrogeologic, remote sensing, and water-budget-component data for the High Plains aquifer, 2011 Geodatabase compilation of hydrogeologic, remote sensing, and water-budget-component data for the High Plains aquifer, 2011

The High Plains aquifer underlies almost 112 million acres in the central United States. It is one of the largest aquifers in the Nation in terms of annual groundwater withdrawals and provides drinking water for 2.3 million people. The High Plains aquifer has gained national and international attention as a highly stressed groundwater supply primarily because it has been appreciably...
Authors
Natalie Houston, Sophia Gonzales-Bradford, Amanda T. Flynn, Sharon Qi, Steven Peterson, Jennifer Stanton, Derek Ryter, Terry Sohl, Gabriel B. Senay
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Water Resources Mission Area, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center

Geonarrative: Water-Use Data-Gap Analysis Geonarrative: Water-Use Data-Gap Analysis

This water-use data-gap analysis analyzed the differences between the current state of the Nation's water-use data and the data needed to achieve the long-term goals of the USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program.
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Water Resources Mission Area

*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government

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