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Paul A Bedrosian

Paul is an expert in the development and application of electromagnetic geophysical methods to framework tectonics, resource assessment, natural hazards and fundamental Earth processes. His work has investigated seismic variability along the San Andreas Fault, tectonics of the Pacific Northwest and Upper Midwest, and the structure of Mount St. Helens. His current research is on regional-scale mine

Research Interests

  • Structure and evolution of active and fossil tectonic margins 
  • Geophysical imaging of hydrothermal and magmatic systems 
  • Joint interpretation of coincident geophysical data sets 
  • Advanced processing and modeling techniques for imaging earth structure 

Professional Experience

  • 2008-present, Research Geophysicist, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 

  • 2005-2007, Mendenhall Fellow, U.S Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado

  • 2002-2004, Humboldt Fellow, GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam Germany

  • 1998-2002, Research Assistant, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Education and Certifications

  • Ph.D. Physics, University of Washington, 2002

  • M.S. Physics, University of Washington, 1998

  • B.S. Physics, University Of Minnesota, 1996

  • B.S. Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 1996

Affiliations and Memberships*

  • 2010-present, Summer of Applied Geophysical Experience (faculty)

  • 2018-present, Earth, Planets and Space Journal (editor)

  • American Geophysical Union

  • Geological Society of America

Science and Products

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geothermal springs

Integrated Hyperspectral, Geophysical and Geochemical Studies of Yellowstone National Park Hydrothermal Systems

We are researching the subsurface groundwater flow systems in Yellowstone and the relation of these systems to understanding the regional movement of water in a volcanic center. New geophysical data will be integrated with existing data sets from hyperspectral data from Yellowstone's thermal areas and thermal water geochemistry to help define regionally extensive mineral assemblages, the evolution...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
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Integrated Hyperspectral, Geophysical and Geochemical Studies of Yellowstone National Park Hydrothermal Systems

We are researching the subsurface groundwater flow systems in Yellowstone and the relation of these systems to understanding the regional movement of water in a volcanic center. New geophysical data will be integrated with existing data sets from hyperspectral data from Yellowstone's thermal areas and thermal water geochemistry to help define regionally extensive mineral assemblages, the evolution...
Learn More
link
Midcontinent 3D resistivity model

Geophysics of the Midcontinent Rift Region

The Midcontinent Rift system and surrounding Precambrian rocks are known to host highly significant mineral resources. Our project objectives are to increase understanding of this system through the integration of new and legacy geophysical data with geochemical and borehole data, map the lithology and structure of PreCambrian rocks, and develop an integrated 3D geologic model of the region.
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
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Geophysics of the Midcontinent Rift Region

The Midcontinent Rift system and surrounding Precambrian rocks are known to host highly significant mineral resources. Our project objectives are to increase understanding of this system through the integration of new and legacy geophysical data with geochemical and borehole data, map the lithology and structure of PreCambrian rocks, and develop an integrated 3D geologic model of the region.
Learn More
link
USGS science for a changing world logo

Development of a Flexible Multi-Channel Spatiotemporal Geophysical HDF5 Data Format Supporting FAIR

A unique opportunity for USGS to collaborate with IRIS-PASSCAL (the national seismic instrument facility) has presented itself to develop a geophysical data archive format that follows FAIR principles. IRIS-PASSCAL is extending facility to include magnetotelluric (MT) instruments prescribing the need for them to archive collected MT data by extending their existing protocol. Concurrently, Congre
By
Community for Data Integration (CDI)
link

Development of a Flexible Multi-Channel Spatiotemporal Geophysical HDF5 Data Format Supporting FAIR

A unique opportunity for USGS to collaborate with IRIS-PASSCAL (the national seismic instrument facility) has presented itself to develop a geophysical data archive format that follows FAIR principles. IRIS-PASSCAL is extending facility to include magnetotelluric (MT) instruments prescribing the need for them to archive collected MT data by extending their existing protocol. Concurrently, Congre
Learn More
link
dark background image of US from space showing lights in cities

Keeping the Lights On in North America

Realtime geoelectric maps during a magnetic storm can assist utility companies with their operations and can help power-grid managers to make decisions that may minimize the impact to their systems.
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program
link

Keeping the Lights On in North America

Realtime geoelectric maps during a magnetic storm can assist utility companies with their operations and can help power-grid managers to make decisions that may minimize the impact to their systems.
Learn More
link
Scientists wait for a helicopter pickup at a geologic mapping and sampling station high in the Neacola Mountains, Alaska

Metallogeny and Tectonics of the Lake Clark and Neacola Mountains Region, South-central Alaska

Alaska hosts a well-documented belt of ore deposits that lies roughly parallel to the Alaska Range, beginning at the Alaska Peninsula in the southwest, continuing up through the Fairbanks Mining District in the north, and curving back into the Tintina Gold Belt on its eastern end. Known mineral prospects and occurrences include porphyry copper, intrusion-related gold, volcanogenic massive sulfides...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Alaska Science Center
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Metallogeny and Tectonics of the Lake Clark and Neacola Mountains Region, South-central Alaska

Alaska hosts a well-documented belt of ore deposits that lies roughly parallel to the Alaska Range, beginning at the Alaska Peninsula in the southwest, continuing up through the Fairbanks Mining District in the north, and curving back into the Tintina Gold Belt on its eastern end. Known mineral prospects and occurrences include porphyry copper, intrusion-related gold, volcanogenic massive sulfides...
Learn More
link
Image shows a map of the Mid-Continent of the United States

Continental Scale Geophysics — Integrated Approaches to Delineate Prospective Environments for Critical Metals

Regional geophysical data that are available over continental scales such as magnetic, gravity, and magnetotelluric data can provide a foundation towards identifying and understanding the footprints and deep plumbing systems underlying these important ore systems. Our project will use continental-scale geophysical data to map the locations of deep crustal and mantle structures that may act as...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
link

Continental Scale Geophysics — Integrated Approaches to Delineate Prospective Environments for Critical Metals

Regional geophysical data that are available over continental scales such as magnetic, gravity, and magnetotelluric data can provide a foundation towards identifying and understanding the footprints and deep plumbing systems underlying these important ore systems. Our project will use continental-scale geophysical data to map the locations of deep crustal and mantle structures that may act as...
Learn More
link
MAP study area

Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP): Water Availability Study

The Mississippi Alluvial Plain is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the Nation and depends on groundwater for irrigation. The MAP area constitutes the third largest area of irrigated cropland in the United States. The area is approximately 29,000 square miles (19 million acres) and includes parts of the States of Missouri, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.The U.S...
By
Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
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Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP): Water Availability Study

The Mississippi Alluvial Plain is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the Nation and depends on groundwater for irrigation. The MAP area constitutes the third largest area of irrigated cropland in the United States. The area is approximately 29,000 square miles (19 million acres) and includes parts of the States of Missouri, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.The U.S...
Learn More

Electrical Conductance Maps of the Great Basin, USA

Images of subsurface electrical conductivity are useful for locating fluids and other electrically conductive phases at depth in the Earth. This data release presents electrical conductance maps estimated from a 3D model of the Great Basin, USA, at five different depth ranges, spanning 2 to 200 km depth. Electrical conductance is the integration of electrical conductivity in a depth range. Great B
By
Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

Magnetotelluric data from Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Upper Michigan, 2015-2019

This dataset consists of 176 wideband magnetotelluric (MT) stations collected from 2015-2019 across parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) acquired these data as part of regional investigations into the geologic and tectonic framework of the area and to support mineral resource investigations. These data have been used to generate a 3D
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Magnetotelluric data from Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Illinois, and Kentucky, 2016-2019

This dataset consists of 127 wideband and 21 long-period magnetotelluric (MT) stations collected from 2016-2019 across parts of Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Illinois, and Kentucky. The U.S. Geological Survey acquired these data as part of regional investigations into the geologic and tectonic framework of the area and to support mineral resource and geologic hazard investigations. These data hav
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Airborne Electromagnetic Survey Processed Data and Models Data Release, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2016

Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) and magnetic survey data were collected during November and December 2016 along 4,212 line-kilometers over Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The survey was conducted as part of a study of the subsurface geologic structure and geothermal and groundwater resources of Yellowstone National Park. The survey was designed to image the subsurface plumbing of Yellowstone's
By
Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Principal facts of gravity data from the Stillwater Complex, Montana, 2013-2014 and 2020

Gravity data were collected during three separate campaigns during July of 2013, August and September of 2014, and September and October of 2020 at 168 sites on and around the Stillwater layered mafic complex in southern Montana. Measurements were taken with Lacoste & Romberg G-64, G-550, and G-161 gravimeters and reduced to obtain the complete Bouguer anomaly, with reference ties to absolute base
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Airborne Electromagnetic and Magnetic Survey, Yellowstone National Park, 2016 - Minimally Processed Data

Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) and magnetic survey data were collected during November and December 2016 along 4,212 line-kilometers over Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The survey was conducted as part of a study of the subsurface geologic structure and geothermal and groundwater resources of Yellowstone National Park. The survey was designed to image the subsurface plumbing of Yellowstone's
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Ground-based time-domain electromagnetic data and resistivity models near Manistee National Forest, Michigan, 2020

Ground-based transient electromagnetic (TEM) data were acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in selected locations near Manistee National Forest, Michigan, to define the resistivity structure of the subsurface. Data were acquired using the ABEM WalkTEM system (Guideline Geo Ab, Sundbyberg, Sweden). TEM data were processed and numerically inverted to derive one-dimensional resistivity stru
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Airborne electromagnetic, magnetic, and radiometric survey of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, November 2019 - March 2020

Airborne electromagnetic (AEM), magnetic, and radiometric data were acquired November 2019 to March 2020 along 24,030 line-kilometers (line-km) over the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP). Data were acquired by CGG Canada Services, Ltd. with three different airborne sensors: the CGG Canada Services, Ltd. TEMPEST time-domain AEM instrument that is used to map subsurface geologic structure at depths u
By
Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey data, Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, June 2012

Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) and magnetic survey data were collected during June 2012 along 556 line-kilometers over Iliamna Volcano, Alaska. These data were collected in support of alteration and volcano flank instability mapping as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program. Data were acquired by SkyTEM Survey ApS SkyTEM304 system with the Soloy Helicopters Eurocopter As
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Regional scale magnetotelluric data from the Rio Grande Rift and southern Rocky Mountains

This dataset consists of 102 magnetotelluric (MT) stations collected in 2012-2014 in the Rio Grande Rift and southern Rocky Mountains. The U.S. Geological Survey acquired these data to improve regional conductivity models of the western United States. This work is in support of studies of the effect of lithospheric modification on electrical resistivity structure and tectonic evolution of the west
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
Image shows a helicopter towing a hoop with mountains in the background
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Image shows a cow standing in the foreground with a helicopter towing geophysical data collecting equipment with mountains
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Filter Total Items: 72

The March 1940 superstorm: Geoelectromagnetic hazards and impacts on American communication and power systems

An analysis is made of geophysical records of the 24 March 1940, magnetic storm and related reports of interference on long-line communication and power systems across the contiguous United States and, to a lesser extent, Canada. Most long-line system interference occurred during local daytime, after the second of two storm sudden commencements and during the early part of the storm's main phase.
Authors
Jeffrey J. Love, E. Joshua Rigler, Michael D Hartinger, Greg M. Lucas, Anna Kelbert, Paul A. Bedrosian
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Geoelectric constraints on the Precambrian assembly and architecture of southern Laurentia

Using images from an updated and expanded three-dimensional electrical conductivity synthesis model for the contiguous United States (CONUS), we highlight the key continent-scale geoelectric structures that are associated with the Precambrian assembly of southern Laurentia. Conductivity anomalies are associated with the Trans-Hudson orogen, the Penokean suture, the ca. 1.8–1.7 Ga Cheyenne belt and
Authors
Benjamin Scott Murphy, Paul A. Bedrosian, Anna Kelbert
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Graphite as an electrically conductive indicator of ancient crustal-scale fluid flow within mineral systems

Magnetotelluric (MT) imaging results from mineral provinces in Australia and in the United States show an apparent spatial relationship between crustal-scale electrical conductivity anomalies and major magmatic-hydrothermal iron oxide-apatite/iron oxide-copper-gold (IOA-IOCG) deposits. Although these observations have driven substantial interest in the use of MT data to image ancient fluid pathway
Authors
Benjamin Scott Murphy, Jan Marten Huizenga, Paul A. Bedrosian
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Mineral Resources Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Mapping a magnetic superstorm: March 1989 geoelectric hazards and impacts on United States power systems

A study is made of the relationships between geomagnetic and geoelectric field variation, Earth-surface impedance, and operational interference (anomalies) experienced on electric-power systems across the contiguous United States during the March 13-14, 1989 magnetic storm. For this, a 1-minute-resolution sequence of geomagnetic field maps is constructed from magnetometer time series acquired at g
Authors
Jeffrey J. Love, Greg M. Lucas, E. Joshua Rigler, Benjamin Scott Murphy, Anna Kelbert, Paul A. Bedrosian
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Geophysical imaging of the Yellowstone hydrothermal plumbing system

The nature of Yellowstone National Park’s plumbing system linking deep thermal fluids to its legendary thermal features is virtually unknown. The prevailing concepts of Yellowstone hydrology and chemistry are that fluids reside in reservoirs with unknown geometries, flow laterally from distal sources and emerge at the edges of lava flows. Here we present a high-resolution synoptic view of pathways
Authors
Carol A. Finn, Paul A. Bedrosian, W. Steven Holbrook, Esben Auken, Benjamin R. Bloss, Kayla (Jade) J Crosbie
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Characteristics and sources of intense geoelectric fields in the United States: Comparative analysis of multiple geomagnetic storms

Intense geoelectric fields during geomagnetic storms drive geomagnetically induced currents in power grids and other infrastructure, yet there are limited direct measurements of these storm-time geoelectric fields. Moreover, most previous studies examining storm-time geoelectric fields focused on single events or small geographic regions, making it difficult to determine the typical source(s) of i
Authors
Xueling Shi, Michael D Hartinger, Joseph B. H. Baker, Benjamin Scott Murphy, Paul A. Bedrosian, Anna Kelbert, Erin (Josh) Rigler
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geologic Hazards Science Center

Down to Earth with nuclear electromagnetic pulse: Realistic surface impedance affects mapping of the E3 geoelectric hazard

An analysis is made of Earth-surface geoelectric fields and voltages on electricity transmission power-grids induced by a late-phase E3 nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A hypothetical scenario is considered of an explosion of several hundred kilotons set several hundred kilometers above the eastern-midcontinental United States. Ground-level E3 geoelectric fields are estimated by convolving a s
Authors
Jeffrey J. Love, Greg M. Lucas, Benjamin Scott Murphy, Paul A. Bedrosian, E. Joshua Rigler, Anna Kelbert
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geologic Hazards Science Center

Airborne geophysical surveys of the lower Mississippi Valley demonstrate system-scale mapping of subsurface architecture

The Mississippi Alluvial Plain hosts one of the most prolific shallow aquifer systems in the United States but is experiencing chronic groundwater decline. The Reelfoot rift and New Madrid seismic zone underlie the region and represent an important and poorly understood seismic hazard. Despite its societal and economic importance, the shallow subsurface architecture has not been mapped with the sp
Authors
Burke J. Minsley, James Robert Rigby, Stephanie R. James, Bethany L. Burton, Katherine J. Knierim, Michael Pace, Paul A. Bedrosian, Wade Kress
By
Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center

Magnetotelluric sampling and geoelectric hazard estimation: Are national-scale surveys sufficient?

At present, the most reliable information for inferring storm-time ground electric fields along electrical transmission lines comes from coarsely sampled, national-scale magnetotelluric (MT) data sets, such as that provided by the EarthScope USArray program. An underlying assumption in the use of such data is that they adequately sample the spatial heterogeneity of the surface relationship between
Authors
Benjamin Scott Murphy, Greg M. Lucas, Jeffrey J. Love, Anna Kelbert, Paul A. Bedrosian, E. Joshua Rigler
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center

3-D Modeling of the Duluth Complex from geophysical data

The Mesoproterozoic Duluth Complex in northeastern Minnesota is one of the major plutonic components of the Midcontinent Rift System and hosts a variety of copper-nickel sulfide and platinum-group element deposits. The Duluth Complex is composed of a series of individual mafic and felsic intrusions emplaced 1110-1098 Ma within Paleoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of the Animikie basin and volcanic f
Authors
Dana E. Peterson, Paul A. Bedrosian, Carol A. Finn
By
Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Airborne geophysical imaging of weak zones on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska: Implications for slope stability

Water‐saturated, hydrothermally altered rocks reduce the strength of volcanic edifices and increase the potential for sector collapses and far‐traveled mass flows of unconsolidated debris. Iliamna Volcano is an andesitic stratovolcano located on the western side of the Cook Inlet, ∼225 km southwest of Anchorage and is a source of repeated avalanches. The widespread snow and ice cover on Iliamna Vo
Authors
Dana E. Peterson, Carol A. Finn, Paul A. Bedrosian
By
Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

Simultaneous observations of geoelectric and geomagnetic fields produced by magnetospheric ULF waves

Geomagnetic perturbations (BGEO) related to magnetospheric ultralow frequency (ULF) waves induce electric fields within the conductive Earth—geoelectric fields (EGEO)—that in turn drive geomagnetically induced currents. Though numerous past studies have examined ULF wave BGEO from a space weather perspective, few studies have linked ULF waves with EGEO. Using recently available magnetotelluric imp
Authors
M. D. Hartinger, X. R. Shih, G. Lucas, Benjamin Scott Murphy, Anna Kelbert, J.B.H. Baker, E. Joshua Rigler, Paul A. Bedrosian
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center

Non-USGS Publications**

P.A. Bedrosian, M.J. Unsworth, G.D. Egbert and C.H. Thurber. 2004. Geophysical images of the creeping San Andreas Fault: Implications for the role of crustal fluids in the earthquake process, Tectonophys., 385(1-4), doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.02.010.
M.J. Unsworth and P.A. Bedrosian. 2004. Electrical resistivity structure at the SAFOD site from magnetotelluric exploration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(12), doi:10.1029/2003GL019045.
M.J. Unsworth and P.A. Bedrosian. 2004. On the geoelectric structure of major strike-slip faults and shear zones., Earth, Planets and Space, 56, 1177–1184, doi:10.1186/BF03353337.
M.J. Unsworth, W. Wenbo, A. G. Jones, S. Li, P.A. Bedrosian, J. Booker, J. Sheng, D. Ming and T. Handong. 2004. Crustal and upper mantle structure of Northern Tibet imaged with magnetotelluric data, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi:10.1029/2002JB002305.
P.A. Bedrosian, M.J. Unsworth and G.D. Egbert. 2002. Magnetotelluric imaging of the creeping segment of the San Andreas Fault near Hollister, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(11), 1506, doi:10.1029/2001GL014119.
M. Unsworth, O.C. Enriquez, S. Belmonte, J. Arzate and P.A. Bedrosian. 2002. Crustal structure of the Chicxulub Impact Crater imaged with magnetotelluric exploration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(16), 1788, doi:10.1029/2002GL014998.
P.A. Bedrosian, M.J. Unsworth and F. Wang. 2001. Structure of the Altyn Tagh Fault and Daxue Shan from magnetotelluric surveys: Implications for faulting associated with the rise of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 20, 474-486, doi:10.1029/2000TC001215.
W. Wenbo, M. Unsworth, A. Jones, J. Booker, H. Tan, D. Nelson, L. Chen, S. Li, K. Solon, P.A. Bedrosian, S. Jin, M. Deng, J. Ledo, D. Kay and B. Roberts. 2001. Widespread fluids in the Tibetan Crust, Science, 292(5517), 716-718, doi:10.1126/science.1010580.
M. Unsworth, P.A. Bedrosian, M. Eisel, G. Egbert and W. Siripunvaraporn. 2000. Along-strike variations in the electrical structure of the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield, California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(18), 3021-3024, doi:10.1029/2000GL011476.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

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Bipartisan Infrastructure Law helps map critical mineral resources in Alabama

The U.S. Geological Survey is providing more than $1 million to map critical mineral resources in Alabama in partnership with the Geological Survey of...

Read Article
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Media Alert: Low-Level Helicopter Flights to Image 3-Dimensional Geology in Alabama

Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Alabama are partnering to image geology using airborne geophysical technology...

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Media Alert: Low-Level Helicopter Flights to Image 3-Dimensional Geology in Nevada and California

Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology are partnering to image geology using airborne geophysical...

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Bipartisan Infrastructure Law helps map critical mineral resources in Nevada and Oregon

RESTON, Va. — The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in partnership with Nevada and Oregon officials, announces more than $1.45 million has been awarded...

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New Geoelectric Hazard Map Shows Potential Vulnerability to High-Voltage Power Grid for Two-Thirds of the US

The U.S. Geological Survey released a new report on geoelectric hazards for two-thirds of the contiguous U.S., spanning from the northeast to the west...

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New U.S. Geological Survey Report Assesses Risk of Once-Per-Century Geomagnetic Superstorm to the Northeastern United States

A new report and map published by the U.S. Geological Survey provides critical insight to electric power grid operators across the northeastern United...

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Scientists Discover New Clues to Mount St. Helens Unusual Location

The atypical location of Mount St. Helens may be due to geologic structures that control where deep magmas can rise through the crust, as suggested by...

Read Article
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Study to Uncover Yellowstone’s Subsurface Mysteries

New study investigates groundwater from the air

Read Article
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Getting Down to Earth with Space Hazards

Magnetic storms can interfere with the operation of electric power grids and damage grid infrastructure. They can also disrupt directional drilling...

Read Article

Science and Products

  • Science
    link
    geothermal springs

    Integrated Hyperspectral, Geophysical and Geochemical Studies of Yellowstone National Park Hydrothermal Systems

    We are researching the subsurface groundwater flow systems in Yellowstone and the relation of these systems to understanding the regional movement of water in a volcanic center. New geophysical data will be integrated with existing data sets from hyperspectral data from Yellowstone's thermal areas and thermal water geochemistry to help define regionally extensive mineral assemblages, the evolution...
    By
    Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
    link

    Integrated Hyperspectral, Geophysical and Geochemical Studies of Yellowstone National Park Hydrothermal Systems

    We are researching the subsurface groundwater flow systems in Yellowstone and the relation of these systems to understanding the regional movement of water in a volcanic center. New geophysical data will be integrated with existing data sets from hyperspectral data from Yellowstone's thermal areas and thermal water geochemistry to help define regionally extensive mineral assemblages, the evolution...
    Learn More
    link
    Midcontinent 3D resistivity model

    Geophysics of the Midcontinent Rift Region

    The Midcontinent Rift system and surrounding Precambrian rocks are known to host highly significant mineral resources. Our project objectives are to increase understanding of this system through the integration of new and legacy geophysical data with geochemical and borehole data, map the lithology and structure of PreCambrian rocks, and develop an integrated 3D geologic model of the region.
    By
    Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
    link

    Geophysics of the Midcontinent Rift Region

    The Midcontinent Rift system and surrounding Precambrian rocks are known to host highly significant mineral resources. Our project objectives are to increase understanding of this system through the integration of new and legacy geophysical data with geochemical and borehole data, map the lithology and structure of PreCambrian rocks, and develop an integrated 3D geologic model of the region.
    Learn More
    link
    USGS science for a changing world logo

    Development of a Flexible Multi-Channel Spatiotemporal Geophysical HDF5 Data Format Supporting FAIR

    A unique opportunity for USGS to collaborate with IRIS-PASSCAL (the national seismic instrument facility) has presented itself to develop a geophysical data archive format that follows FAIR principles. IRIS-PASSCAL is extending facility to include magnetotelluric (MT) instruments prescribing the need for them to archive collected MT data by extending their existing protocol. Concurrently, Congre
    By
    Community for Data Integration (CDI)
    link

    Development of a Flexible Multi-Channel Spatiotemporal Geophysical HDF5 Data Format Supporting FAIR

    A unique opportunity for USGS to collaborate with IRIS-PASSCAL (the national seismic instrument facility) has presented itself to develop a geophysical data archive format that follows FAIR principles. IRIS-PASSCAL is extending facility to include magnetotelluric (MT) instruments prescribing the need for them to archive collected MT data by extending their existing protocol. Concurrently, Congre
    Learn More
    link
    dark background image of US from space showing lights in cities

    Keeping the Lights On in North America

    Realtime geoelectric maps during a magnetic storm can assist utility companies with their operations and can help power-grid managers to make decisions that may minimize the impact to their systems.
    By
    Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program
    link

    Keeping the Lights On in North America

    Realtime geoelectric maps during a magnetic storm can assist utility companies with their operations and can help power-grid managers to make decisions that may minimize the impact to their systems.
    Learn More
    link
    Scientists wait for a helicopter pickup at a geologic mapping and sampling station high in the Neacola Mountains, Alaska

    Metallogeny and Tectonics of the Lake Clark and Neacola Mountains Region, South-central Alaska

    Alaska hosts a well-documented belt of ore deposits that lies roughly parallel to the Alaska Range, beginning at the Alaska Peninsula in the southwest, continuing up through the Fairbanks Mining District in the north, and curving back into the Tintina Gold Belt on its eastern end. Known mineral prospects and occurrences include porphyry copper, intrusion-related gold, volcanogenic massive sulfides...
    By
    Mineral Resources Program, Alaska Science Center
    link

    Metallogeny and Tectonics of the Lake Clark and Neacola Mountains Region, South-central Alaska

    Alaska hosts a well-documented belt of ore deposits that lies roughly parallel to the Alaska Range, beginning at the Alaska Peninsula in the southwest, continuing up through the Fairbanks Mining District in the north, and curving back into the Tintina Gold Belt on its eastern end. Known mineral prospects and occurrences include porphyry copper, intrusion-related gold, volcanogenic massive sulfides...
    Learn More
    link
    Image shows a map of the Mid-Continent of the United States

    Continental Scale Geophysics — Integrated Approaches to Delineate Prospective Environments for Critical Metals

    Regional geophysical data that are available over continental scales such as magnetic, gravity, and magnetotelluric data can provide a foundation towards identifying and understanding the footprints and deep plumbing systems underlying these important ore systems. Our project will use continental-scale geophysical data to map the locations of deep crustal and mantle structures that may act as...
    By
    Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
    link

    Continental Scale Geophysics — Integrated Approaches to Delineate Prospective Environments for Critical Metals

    Regional geophysical data that are available over continental scales such as magnetic, gravity, and magnetotelluric data can provide a foundation towards identifying and understanding the footprints and deep plumbing systems underlying these important ore systems. Our project will use continental-scale geophysical data to map the locations of deep crustal and mantle structures that may act as...
    Learn More
    link
    MAP study area

    Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP): Water Availability Study

    The Mississippi Alluvial Plain is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the Nation and depends on groundwater for irrigation. The MAP area constitutes the third largest area of irrigated cropland in the United States. The area is approximately 29,000 square miles (19 million acres) and includes parts of the States of Missouri, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.The U.S...
    By
    Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
    link

    Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP): Water Availability Study

    The Mississippi Alluvial Plain is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the Nation and depends on groundwater for irrigation. The MAP area constitutes the third largest area of irrigated cropland in the United States. The area is approximately 29,000 square miles (19 million acres) and includes parts of the States of Missouri, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.The U.S...
    Learn More
  • Data

    Electrical Conductance Maps of the Great Basin, USA

    Images of subsurface electrical conductivity are useful for locating fluids and other electrically conductive phases at depth in the Earth. This data release presents electrical conductance maps estimated from a 3D model of the Great Basin, USA, at five different depth ranges, spanning 2 to 200 km depth. Electrical conductance is the integration of electrical conductivity in a depth range. Great B
    By
    Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

    Magnetotelluric data from Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Upper Michigan, 2015-2019

    This dataset consists of 176 wideband magnetotelluric (MT) stations collected from 2015-2019 across parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) acquired these data as part of regional investigations into the geologic and tectonic framework of the area and to support mineral resource investigations. These data have been used to generate a 3D
    By
    Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Magnetotelluric data from Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Illinois, and Kentucky, 2016-2019

    This dataset consists of 127 wideband and 21 long-period magnetotelluric (MT) stations collected from 2016-2019 across parts of Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Illinois, and Kentucky. The U.S. Geological Survey acquired these data as part of regional investigations into the geologic and tectonic framework of the area and to support mineral resource and geologic hazard investigations. These data hav
    By
    Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Airborne Electromagnetic Survey Processed Data and Models Data Release, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2016

    Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) and magnetic survey data were collected during November and December 2016 along 4,212 line-kilometers over Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The survey was conducted as part of a study of the subsurface geologic structure and geothermal and groundwater resources of Yellowstone National Park. The survey was designed to image the subsurface plumbing of Yellowstone's
    By
    Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Principal facts of gravity data from the Stillwater Complex, Montana, 2013-2014 and 2020

    Gravity data were collected during three separate campaigns during July of 2013, August and September of 2014, and September and October of 2020 at 168 sites on and around the Stillwater layered mafic complex in southern Montana. Measurements were taken with Lacoste & Romberg G-64, G-550, and G-161 gravimeters and reduced to obtain the complete Bouguer anomaly, with reference ties to absolute base
    By
    Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Airborne Electromagnetic and Magnetic Survey, Yellowstone National Park, 2016 - Minimally Processed Data

    Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) and magnetic survey data were collected during November and December 2016 along 4,212 line-kilometers over Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The survey was conducted as part of a study of the subsurface geologic structure and geothermal and groundwater resources of Yellowstone National Park. The survey was designed to image the subsurface plumbing of Yellowstone's
    By
    Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Ground-based time-domain electromagnetic data and resistivity models near Manistee National Forest, Michigan, 2020

    Ground-based transient electromagnetic (TEM) data were acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in selected locations near Manistee National Forest, Michigan, to define the resistivity structure of the subsurface. Data were acquired using the ABEM WalkTEM system (Guideline Geo Ab, Sundbyberg, Sweden). TEM data were processed and numerically inverted to derive one-dimensional resistivity stru
    By
    Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Airborne electromagnetic, magnetic, and radiometric survey of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, November 2019 - March 2020

    Airborne electromagnetic (AEM), magnetic, and radiometric data were acquired November 2019 to March 2020 along 24,030 line-kilometers (line-km) over the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP). Data were acquired by CGG Canada Services, Ltd. with three different airborne sensors: the CGG Canada Services, Ltd. TEMPEST time-domain AEM instrument that is used to map subsurface geologic structure at depths u
    By
    Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey data, Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, June 2012

    Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) and magnetic survey data were collected during June 2012 along 556 line-kilometers over Iliamna Volcano, Alaska. These data were collected in support of alteration and volcano flank instability mapping as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program. Data were acquired by SkyTEM Survey ApS SkyTEM304 system with the Soloy Helicopters Eurocopter As
    By
    Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Regional scale magnetotelluric data from the Rio Grande Rift and southern Rocky Mountains

    This dataset consists of 102 magnetotelluric (MT) stations collected in 2012-2014 in the Rio Grande Rift and southern Rocky Mountains. The U.S. Geological Survey acquired these data to improve regional conductivity models of the western United States. This work is in support of studies of the effect of lithospheric modification on electrical resistivity structure and tectonic evolution of the west
    By
    Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
  • Multimedia
    Image shows a helicopter towing a hoop with mountains in the background
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    Image shows a cow standing in the foreground with a helicopter towing geophysical data collecting equipment with mountains
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  • Publications
    Filter Total Items: 72

    The March 1940 superstorm: Geoelectromagnetic hazards and impacts on American communication and power systems

    An analysis is made of geophysical records of the 24 March 1940, magnetic storm and related reports of interference on long-line communication and power systems across the contiguous United States and, to a lesser extent, Canada. Most long-line system interference occurred during local daytime, after the second of two storm sudden commencements and during the early part of the storm's main phase.
    Authors
    Jeffrey J. Love, E. Joshua Rigler, Michael D Hartinger, Greg M. Lucas, Anna Kelbert, Paul A. Bedrosian
    By
    Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Geoelectric constraints on the Precambrian assembly and architecture of southern Laurentia

    Using images from an updated and expanded three-dimensional electrical conductivity synthesis model for the contiguous United States (CONUS), we highlight the key continent-scale geoelectric structures that are associated with the Precambrian assembly of southern Laurentia. Conductivity anomalies are associated with the Trans-Hudson orogen, the Penokean suture, the ca. 1.8–1.7 Ga Cheyenne belt and
    Authors
    Benjamin Scott Murphy, Paul A. Bedrosian, Anna Kelbert
    By
    Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Graphite as an electrically conductive indicator of ancient crustal-scale fluid flow within mineral systems

    Magnetotelluric (MT) imaging results from mineral provinces in Australia and in the United States show an apparent spatial relationship between crustal-scale electrical conductivity anomalies and major magmatic-hydrothermal iron oxide-apatite/iron oxide-copper-gold (IOA-IOCG) deposits. Although these observations have driven substantial interest in the use of MT data to image ancient fluid pathway
    Authors
    Benjamin Scott Murphy, Jan Marten Huizenga, Paul A. Bedrosian
    By
    Natural Hazards Mission Area, Mineral Resources Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Mapping a magnetic superstorm: March 1989 geoelectric hazards and impacts on United States power systems

    A study is made of the relationships between geomagnetic and geoelectric field variation, Earth-surface impedance, and operational interference (anomalies) experienced on electric-power systems across the contiguous United States during the March 13-14, 1989 magnetic storm. For this, a 1-minute-resolution sequence of geomagnetic field maps is constructed from magnetometer time series acquired at g
    Authors
    Jeffrey J. Love, Greg M. Lucas, E. Joshua Rigler, Benjamin Scott Murphy, Anna Kelbert, Paul A. Bedrosian
    By
    Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Geophysical imaging of the Yellowstone hydrothermal plumbing system

    The nature of Yellowstone National Park’s plumbing system linking deep thermal fluids to its legendary thermal features is virtually unknown. The prevailing concepts of Yellowstone hydrology and chemistry are that fluids reside in reservoirs with unknown geometries, flow laterally from distal sources and emerge at the edges of lava flows. Here we present a high-resolution synoptic view of pathways
    Authors
    Carol A. Finn, Paul A. Bedrosian, W. Steven Holbrook, Esben Auken, Benjamin R. Bloss, Kayla (Jade) J Crosbie
    By
    Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Characteristics and sources of intense geoelectric fields in the United States: Comparative analysis of multiple geomagnetic storms

    Intense geoelectric fields during geomagnetic storms drive geomagnetically induced currents in power grids and other infrastructure, yet there are limited direct measurements of these storm-time geoelectric fields. Moreover, most previous studies examining storm-time geoelectric fields focused on single events or small geographic regions, making it difficult to determine the typical source(s) of i
    Authors
    Xueling Shi, Michael D Hartinger, Joseph B. H. Baker, Benjamin Scott Murphy, Paul A. Bedrosian, Anna Kelbert, Erin (Josh) Rigler
    By
    Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geologic Hazards Science Center

    Down to Earth with nuclear electromagnetic pulse: Realistic surface impedance affects mapping of the E3 geoelectric hazard

    An analysis is made of Earth-surface geoelectric fields and voltages on electricity transmission power-grids induced by a late-phase E3 nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A hypothetical scenario is considered of an explosion of several hundred kilotons set several hundred kilometers above the eastern-midcontinental United States. Ground-level E3 geoelectric fields are estimated by convolving a s
    Authors
    Jeffrey J. Love, Greg M. Lucas, Benjamin Scott Murphy, Paul A. Bedrosian, E. Joshua Rigler, Anna Kelbert
    By
    Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geologic Hazards Science Center

    Airborne geophysical surveys of the lower Mississippi Valley demonstrate system-scale mapping of subsurface architecture

    The Mississippi Alluvial Plain hosts one of the most prolific shallow aquifer systems in the United States but is experiencing chronic groundwater decline. The Reelfoot rift and New Madrid seismic zone underlie the region and represent an important and poorly understood seismic hazard. Despite its societal and economic importance, the shallow subsurface architecture has not been mapped with the sp
    Authors
    Burke J. Minsley, James Robert Rigby, Stephanie R. James, Bethany L. Burton, Katherine J. Knierim, Michael Pace, Paul A. Bedrosian, Wade Kress
    By
    Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center

    Magnetotelluric sampling and geoelectric hazard estimation: Are national-scale surveys sufficient?

    At present, the most reliable information for inferring storm-time ground electric fields along electrical transmission lines comes from coarsely sampled, national-scale magnetotelluric (MT) data sets, such as that provided by the EarthScope USArray program. An underlying assumption in the use of such data is that they adequately sample the spatial heterogeneity of the surface relationship between
    Authors
    Benjamin Scott Murphy, Greg M. Lucas, Jeffrey J. Love, Anna Kelbert, Paul A. Bedrosian, E. Joshua Rigler
    By
    Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center

    3-D Modeling of the Duluth Complex from geophysical data

    The Mesoproterozoic Duluth Complex in northeastern Minnesota is one of the major plutonic components of the Midcontinent Rift System and hosts a variety of copper-nickel sulfide and platinum-group element deposits. The Duluth Complex is composed of a series of individual mafic and felsic intrusions emplaced 1110-1098 Ma within Paleoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of the Animikie basin and volcanic f
    Authors
    Dana E. Peterson, Paul A. Bedrosian, Carol A. Finn
    By
    Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

    Airborne geophysical imaging of weak zones on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska: Implications for slope stability

    Water‐saturated, hydrothermally altered rocks reduce the strength of volcanic edifices and increase the potential for sector collapses and far‐traveled mass flows of unconsolidated debris. Iliamna Volcano is an andesitic stratovolcano located on the western side of the Cook Inlet, ∼225 km southwest of Anchorage and is a source of repeated avalanches. The widespread snow and ice cover on Iliamna Vo
    Authors
    Dana E. Peterson, Carol A. Finn, Paul A. Bedrosian
    By
    Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

    Simultaneous observations of geoelectric and geomagnetic fields produced by magnetospheric ULF waves

    Geomagnetic perturbations (BGEO) related to magnetospheric ultralow frequency (ULF) waves induce electric fields within the conductive Earth—geoelectric fields (EGEO)—that in turn drive geomagnetically induced currents. Though numerous past studies have examined ULF wave BGEO from a space weather perspective, few studies have linked ULF waves with EGEO. Using recently available magnetotelluric imp
    Authors
    M. D. Hartinger, X. R. Shih, G. Lucas, Benjamin Scott Murphy, Anna Kelbert, J.B.H. Baker, E. Joshua Rigler, Paul A. Bedrosian
    By
    Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center

    Non-USGS Publications**

    P.A. Bedrosian, M.J. Unsworth, G.D. Egbert and C.H. Thurber. 2004. Geophysical images of the creeping San Andreas Fault: Implications for the role of crustal fluids in the earthquake process, Tectonophys., 385(1-4), doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.02.010.
    M.J. Unsworth and P.A. Bedrosian. 2004. Electrical resistivity structure at the SAFOD site from magnetotelluric exploration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(12), doi:10.1029/2003GL019045.
    M.J. Unsworth and P.A. Bedrosian. 2004. On the geoelectric structure of major strike-slip faults and shear zones., Earth, Planets and Space, 56, 1177–1184, doi:10.1186/BF03353337.
    M.J. Unsworth, W. Wenbo, A. G. Jones, S. Li, P.A. Bedrosian, J. Booker, J. Sheng, D. Ming and T. Handong. 2004. Crustal and upper mantle structure of Northern Tibet imaged with magnetotelluric data, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi:10.1029/2002JB002305.
    P.A. Bedrosian, M.J. Unsworth and G.D. Egbert. 2002. Magnetotelluric imaging of the creeping segment of the San Andreas Fault near Hollister, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(11), 1506, doi:10.1029/2001GL014119.
    M. Unsworth, O.C. Enriquez, S. Belmonte, J. Arzate and P.A. Bedrosian. 2002. Crustal structure of the Chicxulub Impact Crater imaged with magnetotelluric exploration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(16), 1788, doi:10.1029/2002GL014998.
    P.A. Bedrosian, M.J. Unsworth and F. Wang. 2001. Structure of the Altyn Tagh Fault and Daxue Shan from magnetotelluric surveys: Implications for faulting associated with the rise of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 20, 474-486, doi:10.1029/2000TC001215.
    W. Wenbo, M. Unsworth, A. Jones, J. Booker, H. Tan, D. Nelson, L. Chen, S. Li, K. Solon, P.A. Bedrosian, S. Jin, M. Deng, J. Ledo, D. Kay and B. Roberts. 2001. Widespread fluids in the Tibetan Crust, Science, 292(5517), 716-718, doi:10.1126/science.1010580.
    M. Unsworth, P.A. Bedrosian, M. Eisel, G. Egbert and W. Siripunvaraporn. 2000. Along-strike variations in the electrical structure of the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield, California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(18), 3021-3024, doi:10.1029/2000GL011476.

    **Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

  • News
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    Bipartisan Infrastructure Law helps map critical mineral resources in Alabama

    The U.S. Geological Survey is providing more than $1 million to map critical mineral resources in Alabama in partnership with the Geological Survey of...

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    Media Alert: Low-Level Helicopter Flights to Image 3-Dimensional Geology in Alabama

    Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Alabama are partnering to image geology using airborne geophysical technology...

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    Media Alert: Low-Level Helicopter Flights to Image 3-Dimensional Geology in Nevada and California

    Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology are partnering to image geology using airborne geophysical...

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    Bipartisan Infrastructure Law helps map critical mineral resources in Nevada and Oregon

    RESTON, Va. — The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in partnership with Nevada and Oregon officials, announces more than $1.45 million has been awarded...

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    New Geoelectric Hazard Map Shows Potential Vulnerability to High-Voltage Power Grid for Two-Thirds of the US

    The U.S. Geological Survey released a new report on geoelectric hazards for two-thirds of the contiguous U.S., spanning from the northeast to the west...

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    New U.S. Geological Survey Report Assesses Risk of Once-Per-Century Geomagnetic Superstorm to the Northeastern United States

    A new report and map published by the U.S. Geological Survey provides critical insight to electric power grid operators across the northeastern United...

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    Scientists Discover New Clues to Mount St. Helens Unusual Location

    The atypical location of Mount St. Helens may be due to geologic structures that control where deep magmas can rise through the crust, as suggested by...

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    Study to Uncover Yellowstone’s Subsurface Mysteries

    New study investigates groundwater from the air

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    Getting Down to Earth with Space Hazards

    Magnetic storms can interfere with the operation of electric power grids and damage grid infrastructure. They can also disrupt directional drilling...

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*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government