Publications
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Dynamics of magma mixing and magma mobilization beneath Mauna Loa – Insights from the 1950 AD Southwest Rift Zone eruption. Dynamics of magma mixing and magma mobilization beneath Mauna Loa – Insights from the 1950 AD Southwest Rift Zone eruption.
Eruptions from Mauna Loa’s Southwest Rift Zone (SWRZ) pose a significant threat to nearby communities due to high eruption rates and steep slopes resulting in little time for evacuation. Despite the large body of research done on Mauna Loa, knowledge of the timing and duration of magma residence and transfer through its internal plumbing system is still poorly constrained. This study...
Authors
Maren Kahl, Daniel J. Morgan, Carl Thornber, Richard Walshaw, Kendra J. Lynn, Frank A. Trusdell
Editorial: Remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions from the ground, air, and space Editorial: Remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions from the ground, air, and space
When magma rises in volcanic systems, volatile species exsolve from the melt and are outgassed to the atmosphere. The melt composition and temperature, depth at which degassing occurs, extent of gas-water-rock interactions, and volume of ascending magma are all factors that determine the composition and rate of gas emissions at the surface. Interpreted in a petrological framework, gas...
Authors
Christoph Kern, Santiago Arellano, Robin Campion, Silvana Hidalgo, Ryunosuke Kazahaya
Understanding the drivers of volcano deformation through geodetic model verification and validation Understanding the drivers of volcano deformation through geodetic model verification and validation
Volcano geodesy often involves the use of models to explain observed surface deformation. A variety of forward models are used, from analytical point sources to numerical simulations that consider complex magma system geometries, topography, and material properties. Various inversion methods can then be used to relate observed volcano data to models. Ideally, forward models should be...
Authors
Joshua Allen Crozier, Leif Karlstrom, Emily K. Montgomery-Brown, Mario Angarita, Valerie Cayol, Mary Grace Bato, Taiyi Wang, Ronni Grapenthin, Tara Shreve, Kyle R. Anderson, Ana Astort, Olivier Bodart, Flavio Cannavò, Gilda Currenti, Farshid Dabaghi, Brittany A. Erickson, Deepak Garg, Matthew Head, Adriana Iozzia, Young Cheol Kim, Hélène Le Mével, Camila Novoa Lizama, Cody Rucker, Francesca Silverii, Yan Zhan
Chemistry and petrography of early 19th century basaltic andesites and basalts from the Kamakaiʻa Hills in the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi Chemistry and petrography of early 19th century basaltic andesites and basalts from the Kamakaiʻa Hills in the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi
Kīlauea is a frequently active, open-system volcano on the Island of Hawaiʻi known for erupting olivine-dominated tholeiitic basalt compositions. On rare occasions it erupts more differentiated magmas (
Authors
Drew T. Downs, May Sas, Richard W. Hazlett
VogCast: A framework for modeling volcanic air pollution and its application to the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai'i VogCast: A framework for modeling volcanic air pollution and its application to the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai'i
Volcanic activity and the associated gas emissions into the atmosphere often result in adverse air quality conditions and present a hazard to human health and the environment. Building on a decade-long effort to provide operational surface sulfur dioxide and sulfate aerosol forecasts for the State of Hawai'i, we present an air quality modeling framework called VogCast. VogCast is...
Authors
Nadya Moisseeva, Steven Businger, Tamar Elias
Creating oriented and precisely sectioned mineral mounts for in situ chemical analyses—An example using olivine for diffusion chronometry studies Creating oriented and precisely sectioned mineral mounts for in situ chemical analyses—An example using olivine for diffusion chronometry studies
Diffusion chronometry is now a widely applied methodology for determining the rates and timescales of geologic processes from the chemical zoning observed in minerals. Despite the popularity of the method, several challenges still remain during its application, including: (1) the random sectioning of minerals either in thin sections or grain mounts in which both off-center and oblique...
Authors
Kendra J. Lynn, Liliana G. Desmither
Probabilistic source classification of large tephra producing eruptions using supervised machine learning: An example from the Alaska-Aleutian arc Probabilistic source classification of large tephra producing eruptions using supervised machine learning: An example from the Alaska-Aleutian arc
Alaska contains over 130 volcanoes and volcanic fields that have been active within the last 2 million years. Of these, roughly 90 have erupted during the Holocene, with many characterized by at least one large explosive eruption. These large tephra-producing eruptions (LTPEs) generate orders of magnitude more erupted material than a “typical” arc explosive eruption and distribute ash...
Authors
Jordan Edward Lubbers, Matthew W. Loewen, Kristi L. Wallace, Michelle L. Coombs, Jason A. Addison
The dynamic influence of subsurface geological processes on the assembly and diversification of thermophilic microbial communities in continental hydrothermal systems The dynamic influence of subsurface geological processes on the assembly and diversification of thermophilic microbial communities in continental hydrothermal systems
An accepted paradigm of hydrothermal systems is the process of phase separation, or boiling, of a deep, homogeneous hydrothermal fluid as it ascends through the subsurface resulting in gas rich and gas poor fluids. While phase separation helps to explain first-order patterns in the chemistry and biology of a hot spring’s surficial expression, we know little about the subsurface...
Authors
Kenneth W.W. Sims, Cole M. Messa, Sean R Scott, Andrew D Parsekian, Andrew Miller, Abraham L. Role, Timothy P. Moloney, Everett L. Shock, Jacob B. Lowenstern, R. Blaine McCleskey, Matthew A. Charette, Bradley Carr, Sylvain Pasquet, Henry Heasler, Cheryl Jaworowski, W. Steven Holbrook, Melody R. Lindsay, Daniel R. Colman, Eric S. Boyd
Glass electron microprobe analyses methods, precision and accuracy for tephra studies in Alaska Glass electron microprobe analyses methods, precision and accuracy for tephra studies in Alaska
No abstract available.
Authors
Matthew W. Loewen, Kristi L. Wallace, Jordan Edward Lubbers, Dawn Catherine Sweeney Ruth, Pavel Izbekov, Jessica Larsen, Nathan Graham
Historically active volcanoes of Alaska reference deck Historically active volcanoes of Alaska reference deck
No abstract available.
Authors
Cheryl E. Cameron, Kristen A. H. Janssen, Tim R. Orr, Matthew W. Loewen
Lessons learned from the 2022 CONVERSE Monogenetic Volcanism Response Scenario exercise Lessons learned from the 2022 CONVERSE Monogenetic Volcanism Response Scenario exercise
When volcanic unrest occurs, the scientific community can advance fundamental understanding of volcanic systems, but only with coordination before, during, and after the event across academic and governmental agencies. To develop a coordinated response plan, the Community Network for Volcanic Eruption Response (CONVERSE) orchestrated a scenario exercise centered around a hypothetical...
Authors
Yolanda C Lin, Einat Lev, Ria Mukerji, Tobias P. Fischer, Charles B. Connor, Wendy K. Stovall, Michael Poland, Alexandra M. Iezzi, Christelle Wauthier, Judit Gonzalez-Santana, Heather M. Wright, Samantha Wolf, Tobi Kasali
Lateral edifice collapse and volcanic debris avalanches: A post-1980 Mount St. Helens perspective Lateral edifice collapse and volcanic debris avalanches: A post-1980 Mount St. Helens perspective
The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was instrumental in advancing understanding of how volcanoes work. Lateral edifice collapses and the generation of volcanic debris avalanches were not widely recognized prior to that eruption, making assessment of their hazards and risks challenging. The proliferation of studies since 1980 on resulting deposits and evaluation of processes leading to...
Authors
Lee Siebert, Mark E. Reid