Publications

20 hertz [Hz]), but the most energetic band is typically in the infrasound from 0.5 to 20 Hz. Studies of volcanic infrasound and the deployment of infrasound for volcano monitoring have increased rapidly in the past two decades as sensors have improved and as analytical tools have become more widely available. Improved sensors and tools have led to a growing diversity of eruptive...

The National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS) was authorized and partially funded by the U.S. Government in 2019. In response, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program asked its scientists to reflect on and summarize their views of best practices for volcano monitoring. The goal was to review and update the recommendations of a previous report (Moran and others, 2008...

We report a tephra deposit in the southern Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia, which was deposited by a major, previously unrecognized eruption sometime between AD 400 and 720. Archaeological data suggest these centuries were characterized by a substantial community migration to Tiwanaku, where social interaction networks gave birth to one of the Andes’ first large complex societies. Here we...

Constraining stresses in the Earth's crust in volcanic regions is critical for understanding many mechanical processes related to eruptive activity. Dike pathways, in particular, are shaped by the orientation of principal stress axes. Therefore, accurate models of dike trajectories and future vent locations rely on accurate estimates of stresses in the subsurface. This work presents a...

The Laguna del Maule (LdM) volcanic field, which surrounds the 54-km2 lake of that name, covers ∼500 km2 of mountainous glaciated terrain with Quaternary lavas and tuffs that extend 40 km westward from the Argentine frontier and 30 km north-south from the Río Campanario to Laguna Fea. Complementing recent investigations of postglacial volcanism and the ongoing geophysical unrest around...

Mount Rainier has had at least 11 large lahars over the last 6,000 years, including one occurring without evidence of eruptive activity. This prompted the creation of a lahar detection system that uses a combination of seismic, infrasound, and tripwires. We test a laser rangefinder placed on a river channel bank for detecting and confirming mass movements flowing past a station as an...

Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) is infamous for the catastrophic eruption of 1985 that destroyed the villages of Armero and Chinchiná. However, this was not the volcano’s first destructive event; similar eruptions also occurred in 1595 and 1845. In 1985, the limited geodetic data available failed to provide a clear warning of the impending eruption. Since then, advancement in geodetic...

This three-day field trip examines deposits and landscape evolution associated with recent eruptions of Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, Hawai‘i, USA, beginning with the lower East Rift Zone eruption and associated partial caldera collapse during the summer of 2018. As of this writing, there have been five eruptions within Kīlauea’s summit caldera, one eruption in the Southwest Rift Zone of...

Rejuvenated volcanism is a worldwide phenomenon occurring on many oceanic islands in all of the major ocean basins. This plume-related volcanism follows the main edifice-building stage after a hiatus of variable duration (e.g. 0.6–2 Myrs in Hawai'i). The Honolulu Volcanics (HV), the classic case of rejuvenated volcanism, involved monogenetic eruptions from at least 48 vent areas...

The Cenozoic ignimbrite flare-up (40–18 Ma) generated multiple volcanic fields in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico resulting from asthenospheric mantle upwelling after removal of the Farallon slab. The correlation of tuffs to one another and to source calderas within these volcanic fields is essential for determining spatiotemporal patterns in volcanism and magma...