Publications

This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art of geochemical volcano monitoring techniques. We cover in-situ monitoring technologies that rely on sampling fluids (direct sampling) and on instrumental analysis of the composition of such fluids in real-time (remote sensing of volcanic fluids is covered elsewhere in this book). We first review key concepts and principles in the field, and then...

Detection of the electrical discharges and, more fundamentally, the electrification from volcanic plumes is an emerging capability for volcano monitoring. In addition to being able to detect an explosive eruption, such measurements also provide insight into volcanic processes. Volcanic lightning monitoring can be achieved through varying levels of complexity. At the lowest complexity, an

The Clear Lake volcanic field is the northernmost and youngest field in a chain of volcanic fields in and near the California Coast Range mountains. For 2 million years, numerous eruptions have happened around (and through) Clear Lake. The most recent period of activity in the Clear Lake volcanic field probably started around 40,000 years ago and was mainly explosive eruptions...

Cascadia slow slip events (SSEs) are often envisioned as smooth, continuous ruptures, progressively activating tremor asperities as they propagate. Macroscopically, geodetic inversions and spatiotemporal maps of tremor epicenters show steady, uniform migration. In detail tremor is more chaotic and discontinuous. Larger long-term SSEs observed in daily geodetic solutions are inferred to...

No abstract available.

The permanently ice-covered lakes of Taylor Valley, Antarctica, are rare ecosystems where permanent ice cover and year-round vertically stable water columns provide critical redox zones for cold-adapted microorganisms. Using 30 yr of limnological data from the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long-Term Ecological Research program, we assessed the water column heat flux of four permanently ice-covered...

A key process in active magmatic systems is the “recharge” of deep-sourced mafic magma into cooler, more evolved, and crystal-rich shallow reservoirs; recharge may be the cause of, or response to, eruptive activity. Although compositional evidence for recharge has been extensively documented, physical models of recharge are limited, particularly processes that separate exsolving...

The adverse mental health effects of exposure to disasters have long been recognized, with earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and volcanoes (among others) contributing to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Concerning PTSD and volcanic eruptions specifically, most studies have highlighted risk factors related to demographic and social factors (e.g., gender, age...

To improve our understanding of hydrothermal activity on the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field, we collected and analyzed a large data set of δ2H, δ18O, and the 3H concentrations of circum-neutral and alkaline waters. We find that (a) hot springs are fed by recharge throughout the volcanic plateau, likely focused through fractured, permeable tuff units. Previous work had stressed the...

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

The start of the Mauna Loa 2022 eruption in the Mokuʻāweoweo summit caldera was entirely captured through webcam videos. We analyzed footage from the ~ 7-h summit episode, processing > 87,000 frames using a newly automated method to measure fountain heights, fissure lengths, and inflight ejecta volumes. The summit episode comprised four phases. In Phase 1 (~ 1 h), a ~ 1 km long fissure...