Data

Contemporary climate change in Alaska has resulted in amplified rates of press and pulse disturbances that drive ecosystem change with significant consequences for socio-environmental systems. Despite the vulnerability of Arctic and boreal landscapes to change, little has been done to characterize landscape change and associated drivers across northern high-latitude ecosystems. Here we

The monitoring of landscape change is widely recognized as an important component towards understanding how the Earth changes and the impacts of, and to, human societies. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center has been developing a monitoring capability suitable for monitoring land change along with climate-related factors towards the long...

Post-fire vegetation status and condition have multiple implications. They are indicative of burn severity and the lasting impacts of fire the land; they also help inform post-fire debris flow modeling and related risk analyses, hydrology and water quality assessments, and vulnerability to invasive species. Monitoring vegetation recovery over time enables continuous re-evaluation of...

Remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived using various methods, from soil moisture accounting to vegetation-index based approaches to simple and complex surface energy balance techniques. Due to the complexity of fully representing and parameterizing ET sub-processes, different models tend to diverge in their estimations. However, most models appear to provide...

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides Level-2 Provisional Aquatic Reflectance (AR) Products through EROS Science Processing Architecture (ESPA) On-Demand Interface for the Collection 2 Landsat 8-9 archive. This dataset includes n=742 provisional AR products for the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands for the Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor at 30 meters resolution coincident...

Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) land surface temperature (LST) data is derived from Landsat thermal band. The LST including annual mean LST (MeanLST) and annual maximum LST (AVEMaxLST). The annual mean LST (MeanLST) therefore represents the average of all clear observations in a specific year. The seasonal maximum temperatures were then averaged to represent the annual mean maximum LST...

A validation assessment of Annual National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) CONUS Collection 1.0 annual land cover products (1985–2023) for the Conterminous United States (CONUS) was conducted with an independently collected reference dataset. Reference data land cover attributes were assigned by trained interpreters for each year of the time series (1984–2023) to a reference sample of 8,360...

This Annual NLCD Reference Data Product includes the collection of an independent dataset of 8,360 30-meter by 30-meter samples across the Conterminous United States (CONUS). The Annual NLCD Collection 1 sample design was developed as a two-phase collection by a team of image interpreters as follows: an initial base sample containing 5,000 sample plots chosen purely by simple random...

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, SD has developed a cloud validation dataset from Collection 2 images throughout the history of Landsat. Two North American locations with high overlap between WRS-1 and WRS-2 were chosen. For each location, 20 images were selected at random from the Landsat archive, with at least one...

USGS Evapotranspiration estimates provide useful information for a range of land use applications, from calculating a basin’s water budget to assessment of water consumption for crop yield and drought monitoring. This USGS data release is a result of using the OpenET Google Earth Engine (GEE) implementation of the USGS EROS Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop)...

Rangelands have immense inherent spatial and temporal variability, yet assessments of land condition and trends are often assessed relative to the condition of a limited number of representative points or in some cases reference data is lacking. Ecological Potential (EP) data are spatially comprehensive and quantitative baseline for comparison of current rangeland vegetation conditions...

Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 Earth imaging acquisitions are guided by their respective Long Term Acquisition Plan (LTAP), that has been established for each satellite observatory. The LTAP is structured around the Worldwide Reference System-2 (WRS-2) grid, which partitions Landsat swath imaging of the Earth into ~185 × 180 km scenes using a path/row notation. These WRS-2 scenes represent the