Data

The Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC) is a community of volcano observatories and research institutions that together develop and apply ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments to measure volcanic gas emission rates. The collected data are used for assessment of volcanic activity, eruption forecasting, research on...

The 2008-2018 eruption at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, provided a unique opportunity to study lava lake behavior due to the accessibility and robust monitoring network (Patrick and others, 2021). During the eruption, the lava lake rose in elevation and enlarged, eventually reaching about 300 m in diameter. The lake exhibited frequent oscillations in elevation due to

Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, erupted from November 27 to December 10, 2022, sending lava flows across the summit caldera (Mokuʻāweoweo) and into the upper Southwest Rift Zone, before focusing in the Northeast Rift Zone at fissure 3, sending a lava flow down the north flank that threatened a major highway. During the eruption, there was a need for updated terrain data to update...

Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, erupted from November 27 to December 10, 2022, sending lava flows across the summit caldera (Mokuʻāweoweo) and into the upper Southwest Rift Zone, before focusing in the Northeast Rift Zone at fissure 3, sending a lava flow down the north flank that threatened a major highway (Zoeller and others, 2024). During the eruption, U.S. Geological Survey...

A campaign microgravity network was established at Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming, in 2017 as a subset of stations that were initially measured in 1977. The network has been measured subsequently on a quasi-annual basis to assess changes in gravity over time that may be related to subsurface magmatic or hydrothermal processes. This data release includes microgravity data collected by the U...

A campaign microgravity network was established at Lassen Volcanic Center, California, in 2018, and a subset of that network has been measured subsequently on a quasi-annual basis to assess changes in gravity over time that may be related to subsurface magmatic or hydrothermal processes. This data release includes microgravity data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Science...

The Alaska Volcano Observatory conducted overflights of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska, in July–August 2024 to characterize the morphological changes to the summit area following the 2023 and 2019–2020 eruptions. Oblique airphotos were taken during helicopter overflights on July 30 and August 1. The photos were processed with structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetric methods to derive a...

A campaign microgravity network was established between Vancouver, Washington, and Mount Hood, Oregon, in 2021 and has been measured at least annually, and sometimes more often, in subsequent years. The purpose of the network is to assess changes in gravimeter calibration, as well as to monitor potential gravity changes related to subsurface magmatic or hydrothermal processes at Mount...

Campaign microgravity data have been collected at Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi, since 1975 to assess changes in mass associated with magmatic activity. The network of stations was disrupted by the 2018 summit collapse and was subsequently reestablished, with surviving and some new sites occupied regularly to track magmatic activity beneath the volcano. This data release includes microgravity data...

The 2008–2018 summit eruption at Kīlauea formed an active and slowily expanding lava lake within Halemaʻumaʻu Crater that lasted 10 years before draining. To consistently collect proximal tephra ejected from the lava lake, which was nested within the new, informally named “Overlook crater,” a network of ten plastic buckets was established early and emptied on most days of the eruption...

Tiltmeter data on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory from July 1, 2025 to present with 60-day latency. These data are collected by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. This dataset will be updated as new tiltmeter data are collected and approved with 60-day latency.

40Ar/39Ar data presented in this data release are from the Sour Creek dome, one of two resurgent domes in Yellowstone caldera, WY. These data were collected to determine the age of volcanic rocks that make up Sour Creek dome, and to determine if the Sour Creek dome is indeed a resurgent dome or instead formed by another means. Specifically, these data were collected to test if volcanic...