Publications
Publications, scientific literature, and information products from the Land Change Science Program.
Filter Total Items: 565
Earth's coastlines Earth's coastlines
With approximately half the world’s population living less than 65 miles from the ocean, coastal ecosystems are arguably Earth’s most critical real estate. Yet coastlines are among the more difficult features to accurately map; until now, no comprehensive high-resolution geospatial dataset existed. This chapter presents a new map and ecological inventory of global coastlines developed by...
Authors
Roger Sayre, Madeline Martin, Jill Cress, Kevin Butler, Keith Van Graafeiland, Sean Breyer, Dawn Wright, Charlie Frye, Deniz Karagulle, Tom Allen, Rebecca Allee, Rost Parsons, Bjorn Nyberg, Mark Costello, Frank Muller-Karger, Peter Harris
FLUXNET-CH4: A global, multi-ecosystem database and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands FLUXNET-CH4: A global, multi-ecosystem database and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands
Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution...
Authors
Kyle Delwiche, Sarah Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, You-Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, Ma. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Weinan Chen, Jiquan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur Desai, Matteo Detto, Han Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugenie Euskirchen, Daniela Famulari, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J Gondwe, Jordan Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Hollinger, Lukas Hortnagl, Hiroki Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Joachim Jansen, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken Krauss, Derrick Lai, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Luca Marchesini, Giovanni Manca, Jaclyn Matthes, Trofim Maximov, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter Oechel, Patricia Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele Reba, Andrew Richardson, William Riley, Benjamin Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Sanchez, Edward Schuur, Karina Schafer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Jonathan Thom, Margaret Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Jessica Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vazquez-Lule, Joseph Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George Vourlitis, Eric Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, Robert Jackson
The Chesapeake Bay program modeling system: Overview and recommendations for future development The Chesapeake Bay program modeling system: Overview and recommendations for future development
The Chesapeake Bay is the largest, most productive, and most biologically diverse estuary in the continental United States providing crucial habitat and natural resources for culturally and economically important species. Pressures from human population growth and associated development and agricultural intensification have led to excessive nutrient and sediment inputs entering the Bay...
Authors
Raleigh Hood, Gary Shenk, Rachel Dixon, Sean Smith, William Ball, Jesse Bash, R. Batiuk, Kathy Boomer, Damian Brady, Carl Cerco, Peter Claggett, Kim de Mutsert, Zachary Easton, Andrew J Elmore, Marjorie Friedrichs, Lora Harris, Thomas Ihde, Iara Lacher, Li Li, Lewis Linker, Andrew Miller, Julia Moriarty, Gregory Noe, George Onyullo, Kenneth Rose, Katherine Skalak, Richard Tian, Tamie Veith, Lisa Wainger, Donald Weller, Yinglong Zhang
A reactive transport approach to modeling cave seepage water chemistry I: Carbon isotope transformations A reactive transport approach to modeling cave seepage water chemistry I: Carbon isotope transformations
The majority of Critical Zone research has emphasized silicate lithologies, which are typified by relatively slow rates of reactivity and incongruent weathering. However, the relatively simpler weathering of carbonate-dominated lithology can result in secondary mineral deposits, such as speleothems, which provide a long-term archive for Critical Zone processes. In particular, carbon...
Authors
Jennifer Druhan, Corey Lawrence, Aaron Covey, Max Giannetta, Jessica Oster
A reactive transport approach to modeling cave seepage water chemistry II: Elemental signatures A reactive transport approach to modeling cave seepage water chemistry II: Elemental signatures
Karst systems are useful for examining spatial and temporal variability in Critical Zone processes because they provide a window into the subsurface where waters have interacted with vegetation, soils, regolith, and bedrock across a range of length and timescales. These hydrologic pathways frequently include the precipitation of speleothems, which provide long-term archives of climate...
Authors
Jessica Oster, Aaron Covey, Corey Lawrence, Max Giannetta, Jennifer Druhan
Responses of soil extracellular enzyme activities and bacterial community composition to seasonal stages of drought in a semiarid grassland Responses of soil extracellular enzyme activities and bacterial community composition to seasonal stages of drought in a semiarid grassland
Extreme drought can strongly impact belowground communities and biogeochemical processes, including soil microbial community composition and extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs), which are considered key agents in ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. However, our understanding of how seasonal timing of drought during the growing season affects soil microbial communities and their...
Authors
Wenlan Gao, Sasha C. Reed, Seth Munson, Yichao Rui, Wenyuan Fan, Zhenzhen Zheng, Linfeng Li, Rongxiao Che, Kai Xue, Jianqing Du, Xiaoyong Cui, Yanfen Wang, Yanbin Hao
Wetlands Wetlands
During the last decades, soil organic carbon (SOC) attracted the attention of a much wider array of specialists beyond agriculture and soil science, as it was proven to be one of the most crucial components of the earth’s climate system, which has a great potential to be managed by humans. Soils as a carbon pool are one of the key factors in several Sustainable Development Goals, in...
Authors
Brian Tangen, Sheel Bansal
Restoration of mangrove forest Restoration of mangrove forest
Mangrove forests occur worldwide along tropical coasts in inundated soils where primary production and anaerobic conditions contribute to the building of soil organic matter (Also see Mangroves Hot-spot, Volume 2). Note that peat may accumulate in certain coastal mangrove (Middleton and McKee, 2001). The actual amount of soil organic matter stored in these wetlands depends on the balance...
Authors
Beth Middleton, Eric Ward
Restoration of organic coastal and inland freshwater forests Restoration of organic coastal and inland freshwater forests
Peatland forests occur worldwide in inundated soils where primary production and anaerobic conditions contribute to the building of soil organic matter (Günther et al., 2020). Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) can be substantial from drained freshwater forests with organic soils. Therefore, rewetting peat via hydrologic restoration (see factsheet n°12 on Peatland restoration, this volume)...
Authors
Beth Middleton, Eric Ward, Lorenzo Menichetti
Preserving soil organic carbon in prairie wetlands of central North America Preserving soil organic carbon in prairie wetlands of central North America
Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) in the Great Plains of central North America are numerous, densely distributed, and have highly productive plant and animal communities (Photo 49). When in a natural, unaltered condition, these wetlands store relatively large amounts of organic carbon in their soils (Photo 50). Human alterations, such as extensive drainage and land-use...
Authors
Sheel Bansal, Brian Tangen
Trait-based filtering mediates the effects of realistic biodiversity losses on ecosystem functioning Trait-based filtering mediates the effects of realistic biodiversity losses on ecosystem functioning
Biodiversity losses are a major driver of global changes in ecosystem functioning. While most studies of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have examined randomized species losses, trait-based filtering associated with species-specific vulnerability to drivers of diversity loss can strongly influence how ecosystem functioning responds to declining...
Authors
Amelia Wolf, Jennifer Funk, Paul Selmants, Connor Morozumi, Daniel Hernandez, Jae Pasari, Erika Zavaleta
Chemical connectivity and multi-element composition of groundwater in depressional wetlands Chemical connectivity and multi-element composition of groundwater in depressional wetlands
Little is known about the element composition of groundwater along flow paths between wetlands. What is known is based on a few major elements, such as Na and Ca. We examined the spatial and temporal variation of elements in a depressional-wetland, groundwater-flow system in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, USA. Wetlands of the region are characterized by their occurrence in
Authors
Yuxiang Yuan, Xiaoyan Zhu, David M. Mushet, Matthew Solensky, Marinus Otte