The salamander chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans [Bsal]) is causing massive mortality of salamanders in Europe. The potential for spread via international trade into North America and the high diversity of salamanders has catalyzed concern about Bsal in the U.S. Surveillance programs for invading pathogens must initially meet challenges that include low rates of occurrence on the landscape, low prevalence at a site, and imperfect detection of the diagnostic tests. We implemented a large-scale survey to determine if Bsal was present in North America designed to target taxa and localities where Bsal was determined highest risk to be present based on species susceptibility and geography. Our analysis included a Bayesian model to estimate the probability of occurrence of Bsal given our prior knowledge of the occurrence and prevalence of the pathogen. We failed to detect Bsal in any of 11,189 samples from 594 sites in 223 counties within 35 U.S. states and one site in Mexico. Our modeling indicates that Bsal is highly unlikely to occur within wild amphibians in the U.S. and suggests that the best proactive response is to continue mitigation efforts against the introduction and establishment of the disease and to develop plans to reduce impacts should Bsal establish.
Citation Information
| Publication Year | 2020 |
|---|---|
| Title | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) not detected in an intensive survey of wild North American amphibians |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-020-69486-x |
| Authors | Hardin Waddle, Daniel A. Grear, Brittany Mosher, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Michael J. Adams, Adam R. Backlin, William Barichivich, Adrianne B. Brand, Gary M. Bucciarelli, Daniel L. Calhoun, Tara Chestnut, Jon M. Davenport, Andrew E. Dietrich, Robert N. Fisher, Brad Glorioso, Brian J. Halstead, Marc P Hayes, R. Ken Honeycutt, Blake R. Hossack, Patrick M. Kleeman, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Jeffrey M. Lorch, Robert W. Atkinson, Erin L. Muths, Christopher Pearl, Katherine Richgels, Charles W Robinson, Mark F. Roth, Jennifer Rowe, Walter Sadinski, Brent H. Sigafus, Iga Stasiak, Samuel Sweet, Susan C. Walls, Gregory J Watkins-Colwell, C. LeAnn White, Lori A Williams, Megan E. Winzeler |
| Publication Type | Article |
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Series Title | Scientific Reports |
| Index ID | 70211875 |
| Record Source | USGS Publications Warehouse |
| USGS Organization | National Wildlife Health Center; Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center; Western Ecological Research Center; Wetland and Aquatic Research Center |
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Michael J Adams
Supervisory Research EcologistEmailPhoneWilliam Barichivich
Wildlife BiologistEmailPhoneDaniel L Calhoun
Assistant Director for Hydrologic StudiesEmailPhoneRobert N Fisher
Supervisory Research BiologistEmailPhoneBrian Halstead
Research Wildlife BiologistEmailPhoneBlake Hossack, Ph.D.
Research ZoologistEmailPhonePatrick M Kleeman
Supervisory EcologistEmailPhoneKatie Richgels
Chief, Ecology and Epidemiology BranchEmailPhoneJennifer Rowe
Wildlife BiologistEmailPhoneWalt Sadinski
Research EcologistEmailPhoneBrent Sigafus
Safety and Occupational Health SpecialistEmailPhoneSusan Walls, Ph.D.
Research Wildlife BiologistEmailPhone