Brian Bergamaschi (Former Employee)
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 22
Remote Sensing of Mercury Pollution in South San Francisco Bay
San Francisco Bay has a long history of being subject to natural resources exploitation and pollution. Ongoing flux of contaminants into the bay, legacy pollution from the Gold Rush era and structural modifications still influence the natural ecosystem today. This project aims to map multiple forms (i.e. species) of mercury -- one of the major contaminants in the bay -- to help inform restoration...
Assessing impacts of wildfire on water and habitat quality in downstream aquatic ecosystems using remote sensing
This project focuses on the downstream effects of wildfires on lakes, reservoirs, and coastal water within the larger context of the USGS project on Post-fire Hazards and Impacts to Resources and Ecosystems (PHIRE): Support for Response, Recovery, and Mitigation. The overall objective of this work is to leverage the historic satellite remote sensing record to provide insight on the impact of...
Biogeochemistry Group
The Biogeochemistry (BGC) Group uses an interdisciplinary approach to address surface water quality issues and food web dynamics throughout California, particularly in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay.
Sampling Locations for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project
Since 1969, the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project has conducted water-column sampling along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system. Learn more about when and where we collect data.
Sampling Methods for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project
The Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project measures changes in water quality along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system using submersible sensors and discrete water samples. Learn more about how we collect and measure water-quality data.
Research Vessel David H. Peterson
The Research Vessel David H. Peterson begain service with the U.S. Geological Survey in 2015. Named after a founder of the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project, this vessel is a high-tech scientific platform for estuarine research. Learn more about how the R/V David H. Peterson makes our research possible.
Assessing Sediment Nutrient Storage and Release in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
Sediments represent an important pool of nutrients in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta). The exchange of nutrients between the water column and the benthos impacts water quality and effects phytoplankton, harmful algal blooms, aquatic vegetation, and drinking water quality. To date, there is very limited information about nutrient pools in Delta sediments, nor how these nutrients are...
Evaluating the effects of wastewater-derived nutrients on phytoplankton abundance and community structure in the San Francisco Estuary and Delta
Planned upgrades to the Sacramento Regional wastewater treatment plant (SRWTP) will substantially reduce nutrient discharge and also alter the types and amounts of nutrients being distributed across the San Francisco Delta and Estuary (Delta). One highly anticipated outcome of lower nutrients is improved productivity in the phytoplankton communities that supply aquatic food webs, which should...
Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project
Since 1969, the U.S. Geological Survey has maintained a research project in the San Francisco Bay-Delta system to measure and understand how estuarine systems and tidal river deltas function and change in response to hydro-climatic variability and human activities.
Creating a Model to Predict Future Carbon Levels in Tidally-driven Marshes
Tidal marshes are important ecosystems in the San Francisco-Bay Delta. They remove carbon from the atmosphere, they build up soils that buffer our communities from sea level rise, they provide critical habitat and food resources for a diversity of species, and they reduce excessive nutrients which have a negative impact on water quality. As a result of land-use change and urbanization, the San...
NASA-USGS National Blue Carbon Monitoring System
The NASA-USGS National Blue Carbon Monitoring System project will evaluate the relative uncertainty of iterative modeling approaches to estimate coastal wetland (marsh and mangrove) C stocks and fluxes based on changes in wetland distributions, using nationally available datasets (Landsat) and as well as finer scale satellite and field derived data in six sentinel sites.
Trends in Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
Water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta contains high concentrations of disinfection byproduct-forming (DBP-forming) materials when treated for potable use. DBPs form when dissolved organic compounds (DOC) in water react with disinfectants such as chlorine and ozone during the water treatment process. The amount of DBPs that form is a function of both the amount and source of the DOC, both of...
Filter Total Items: 25
Cyanotoxins in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Whole Water Cyanotoxin Samples Cyanotoxins in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Whole Water Cyanotoxin Samples
This dataset is comprised of cyanotoxin concentrations from whole water cyanotoxin samples collected at water quality stations in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, beginning in 2020. Cyanotoxin congeners were measured from whole water cyanotoxin samples within the cyanotoxin classes: microcystins, anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, saxitoxins, anabaenopeptins, and nodularin. Concentrations...
Water quality and nutrient data from San Joaquin River and Stockton Waterfront, April and August 2024 Water quality and nutrient data from San Joaquin River and Stockton Waterfront, April and August 2024
This dataset records diel changes to water quality parameters, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass in the south-eastern region of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Sampling occurred in August 2024 in the Stockton Waterfront (City of Stockton, San Joaquin County, California, USA) and San Joaquin River. Data was collected from approximately 6am to 9pm Pacific Standard Time on August 6, 13...
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale: 2023 High resolution mapping surveys Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale: 2023 High resolution mapping surveys
Broad-area, high-resolution, boat-based water quality mapping surveys of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Suisun Bay (Delta) of California, USA were conducted under different environmental/flow conditions in May, July, and October of 2023. The spatial and temporal variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality parameters were assessed. This dataset includes...
Cyanotoxins in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Fixed Station Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) samplers Cyanotoxins in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Fixed Station Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) samplers
This dataset is comprised of cyanotoxin concentrations in extracts from solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) samplers deployed at fixed sampling stations in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, beginning in 2020. SPATT samplers are a form of passive sampler constructed of adsorbent resin beads that concentrate cyanotoxins over time. Cyanotoxin congeners were measured from SPATT...
Above-water hyperspectral field spectroscopy measurements at Franks Tract in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California Above-water hyperspectral field spectroscopy measurements at Franks Tract in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California
Hand-held hyperspectral spectroscopy data were collected in 2022 in Franks Tract, a flooded area located in the central Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. The data were collected from a boat and co-located within pixels from the Ocean Land Color Imaging (OLCI) sensor on the Sentinel-3A and 3-B satellites. Data from 16 sites within 7 OLCI pixels were collected on three days: July...
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water-quality constituents in the San Francisco Bay, California: 2021-2022 High-resolution mapping surveys Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water-quality constituents in the San Francisco Bay, California: 2021-2022 High-resolution mapping surveys
The dataset documents the spatial and temporal variability of nutrients and related water quality parameters at high spatial resolution in the San Francisco Bay of California, USA in 2021 and 2022. The dataset includes nitrate, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll as well as information about phytoplankton community composition. Data-collection cruises were...
Water quality, nutrient, and phytoplankton data from Franks Tract, Mildred Island, and neighboring channels in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: 2022 and 2023 High-resolution mapping surveys Water quality, nutrient, and phytoplankton data from Franks Tract, Mildred Island, and neighboring channels in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: 2022 and 2023 High-resolution mapping surveys
Surface water quality, water isotope, and phytoplankton enumeration data were collected to evaluate the impact of an Emergency Drought Barrier (EDB) in False River in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Data were collected on six days during 2022 and 2023 (June 7, June 21, July 27, August 9, October 12, November 30, 2022, and February 21, 2023). Sampling occurred in Franks Tract, Mildred...
KdPAR and surface water-quality data collected in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta in 2013 and 2014 KdPAR and surface water-quality data collected in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta in 2013 and 2014
Data release provides diffuse light attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (KdPAR) derived from in-situ light measurements, along with surface water-quality and atmospheric data collected in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Rive Delta in California between January 2013 and May 2014. These associated surface level water-quality and atmospheric data, and categorical...
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton and related water-quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale: 2020-2021 High-resolution mapping surveys Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton and related water-quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale: 2020-2021 High-resolution mapping surveys
The dataset documents the spatial and temporal variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality parameters at high spatial resolution in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and Suisun Bay of California, USA. The dataset includes nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, dissolved organic carbon, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll as well as...
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta during treated wastewater effluent holds: August and September 2019 high resolution mapping surveys Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta during treated wastewater effluent holds: August and September 2019 high resolution mapping surveys
The study is comprised of daily survey data consisting of high resolution mapping and discrete sample collection of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents conducted in the Sacramento River, Georgiana Slough, and the North and South Forks of the Mokelumne River on August 28 and September 10-12, 2019, coincident with planned holds of treated wastewater effluent...
Phytoplankton Species Composition and Abundance in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: Microscopic Enumeration of USGS Samples, beginning in 2016 (ver. 1.1, December 2023) Phytoplankton Species Composition and Abundance in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: Microscopic Enumeration of USGS Samples, beginning in 2016 (ver. 1.1, December 2023)
This dataset contains taxonomy, density (cells/mL), and biovolume (μm3/mL) data for phytoplankton sampled across the Sacramento San Joaquin River Delta and San Francisco Bay (Bay-Delta) beginning in 2016. Whole water phytoplankton samples were collected intermittently during special projects and during routine visits to service continuous monitoring stations. Samples were preserved with...
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta related to the 2015 installation of the False River Emergency Drought Barrier: 2015 and 2016 high-resolution m Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta related to the 2015 installation of the False River Emergency Drought Barrier: 2015 and 2016 high-resolution m
This data release documents the spatial and temporal variability of nutrients and related water quality parameters at high spatial resolution in the western and central portion of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta of California, USA. The data set includes water residence time, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, dissolved organic carbon, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen...
Filter Total Items: 110
An integrated sensor network and data driven approach to satellite remote sensing of dissolved organic matter An integrated sensor network and data driven approach to satellite remote sensing of dissolved organic matter
Traditional remote sensing retrieval models for water quality have historically relied on limited, localized data sets due to the prohibitive costs of extensive field campaigns and logistical challenges of collecting match-up data with satellite overpasses. As a result, these models often lack generalizability across seasons, tides, and sites. Furthermore, small field data sets limit the...
Authors
Dulcinea Marie Avouris, Erin Hestir, Jacob Fleck, Jeffrey Hansen, Brian Bergamaschi
Identifying conditions associated with outliers produced by three different chlorophyll fluorometers: A comparison of instrumentation and development of correction formulae Identifying conditions associated with outliers produced by three different chlorophyll fluorometers: A comparison of instrumentation and development of correction formulae
Measurements of chlorophyll concentration reported by fluorometers (fChl) are used in environmental research and monitoring, as inputs to models, and in the interpretation of remote sensing data. Researchers and managers benefit from understanding how to interpret and ensure the accuracy of fChl data collected by in situ fluorometers. Although fChl values produced by different...
Authors
Emily Richardson, Tamara Kraus, Crystal Sturgeon, Katy O’Donnell, Brian Bergamaschi
Estimating biogeochemical rates using a computationally efficient Lagrangian approach Estimating biogeochemical rates using a computationally efficient Lagrangian approach
Nutrient concentrations in many estuaries have increased over the past century due to increases in wastewater discharge and increased agricultural intensity, contributing to multiple environmental problems. Numerous biogeochemical and physical processes in estuaries influence nutrient concentrations during transport, resulting in complex spatial and temporal variability and challenges...
Authors
Edward Gross, Rusty Holleman, Wim Kimmerer, Tamara Kraus, Brian Bergamaschi, Scott Burdick-Yahya, David Senn
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water-quality constituents in the California Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale—2018 high resolution mapping surveys Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water-quality constituents in the California Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale—2018 high resolution mapping surveys
Executive Summary This study examined the abundance and distribution of nutrients and phytoplankton in the tidal aquatic environments of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta) and Suisun Bay, comprising three spatial surveys conducted in May, July, and October of 2018 that used continuous underway high frequency sampling and measurements onboard a high-speed boat to characterize...
Authors
Brian Bergamaschi, Tamara Kraus, Bryan Downing, Elizabeth Stumpner, Katy O’Donnell, Jeffrey Hansen, Jeniffer Soto Perez, Emily Richardson, Angela M. Hansen, Alan Gelber
Evaluation and refinement of chlorophyll-a algorithms for high-biomass blooms in San Francisco Bay (USA) Evaluation and refinement of chlorophyll-a algorithms for high-biomass blooms in San Francisco Bay (USA)
A massive bloom of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo occurred in summer 2022 in San Francisco Bay, causing widespread ecological impacts including events of low dissolved oxygen and mass fish kills. The rapidly evolving bloom required equally rapid management response, leading to the use of near-real-time image analysis of chlorophyll from the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI)...
Authors
Raphael Kudela, David Senn, Emily Richardson, Keith Bouma-Gregson, Brian Bergamaschi, Lawrence Sim
Physics to fish—Understanding the factors that create and sustain native fish habitat in the San Francisco Estuary Physics to fish—Understanding the factors that create and sustain native fish habitat in the San Francisco Estuary
Executive SummaryThe Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) operates the Central Valley Project (CVP), one of the nation’s largest water projects. Reclamation has an ongoing need to improve the scientific basis for adaptive management of the CVP and, by extension, joint operations with California’s State Water Project. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) works cooperatively with the Bureau of...
Authors
Larry Brown, David Ayers, Brian Bergamaschi, Jon Burau, Evan Dailey, Bryan Downing, Maureen Downing-Kunz, Frederick Feyrer, Brock Huntsman, Tamara Kraus, Tara Morgan, Jessica Lacy, Francis Parchaso, Catherine A. Ruhl, Elizabeth Stumpner, Paul Stumpner, Janet Thompson, Matthew Young
A simple approach to modeling light attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta using commonly available data A simple approach to modeling light attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta using commonly available data
The diffuse attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (KdPAR) is commonly used to predict light attenuation in aquatic productivity models, but obtaining measurements of PAR to compute KdPAR is difficult. In situ calculations of KdPAR require multiple measurements of PAR through the water column, and these measurements are infeasible for real-time recording. Instead...
Authors
Emily Richardson, Keith Bouma-Gregson, Katy O’Donnell, Brian Bergamaschi
A novel boat-based field application of a high-frequency conductometric ammonium analyzer to characterize spatial variation in aquatic ecosystems A novel boat-based field application of a high-frequency conductometric ammonium analyzer to characterize spatial variation in aquatic ecosystems
Documenting dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration and form at appropriate temporal and spatial scales is key to understanding aquatic ecosystem health, particularly as DIN fuels primary productivity. In addition to point and non-point source nutrient inputs, factors such as hydrology, geomorphology, temperature, light, and biogeochemical transformations influence nutrient...
Authors
Emily Richardson, Angela Hansen, Tamara Kraus, Bryan Downing, Don Forsberg, John Stillian, Katy O’Donnell, Crystal Sturgeon, Brian Bergamaschi
Field techniques for fluorescence measurements targeting dissolved organic matter, hydrocarbons, and wastewater in environmental waters: Principles and guidelines for instrument selection, operation and maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting Field techniques for fluorescence measurements targeting dissolved organic matter, hydrocarbons, and wastewater in environmental waters: Principles and guidelines for instrument selection, operation and maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting
The use of field deployable fluorescence sensors by the U.S. Geological Survey has become increasingly common for a wide variety of surface water and groundwater investigations. This report addresses field deployable fluorometers that measure the fluorescence response of various substances in water exposed to incident light generated by the sensor. An introduction to the basic principles...
Authors
Amanda Booth, Jacob Fleck, Brian A. Pellerin, Angela Hansen, Alexandra Etheridge, Guy Foster, Jennifer Graham, Brian Bergamaschi, Kurt Carpenter, Bryan Downing, Stewart Rounds, JohnFranco Saraceno
Increased salinity decreases annual gross primary productivity at a Northern California brackish tidal marsh Increased salinity decreases annual gross primary productivity at a Northern California brackish tidal marsh
Tidal marshes sequester 11.4–87.0 Tg C yr−1 globally, but climate change impacts can threaten the carbon capture potential of these ecosystems. Tidal marshes occur across a wide range of salinity, with brackish marshes (0.5–18 ppt (parts per thousand)) dominating global tidal marsh extents. A diverse mix of freshwater- and saltwater-tolerant plant and microbial communities has led...
Authors
Sarah Russell, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Ellen Goodrich-Stuart, Brian Bergamaschi, Frank Anderson, Patty Oikawa, Sara Knox
Field techniques for the determination of algal pigment fluorescence in environmental waters—Principles and guidelines for instrument and sensor selection, operation, quality assurance, and data reporting Field techniques for the determination of algal pigment fluorescence in environmental waters—Principles and guidelines for instrument and sensor selection, operation, quality assurance, and data reporting
The use of algal fluorometers by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has become increasingly common. The basic principles of algal fluorescence, instrument calibration, interferences, data quantification, data interpretation, and quality control are given in Hambrook Berkman and Canova (2007). Much of the guidance given for instrument maintenance, data storage, and quality assurance in...
Authors
Guy Foster, Jennifer Graham, Brian Bergamaschi, Kurt Carpenter, Bryan Downing, Brian A. Pellerin, Stewart Rounds, John Saraceno
Combining eddy covariance and chamber methods to better constrain CO2 and CH4 fluxes across a heterogeneous restored tidal wetland Combining eddy covariance and chamber methods to better constrain CO2 and CH4 fluxes across a heterogeneous restored tidal wetland
Tidal wetlands play an important role in global carbon cycling by storing carbon in sediment at millennial time scales, transporting dissolved carbon into coastal waters, and contributing significantly to global CH4 budgets. However, these ecosystems' greenhouse gas monitoring and predictions are challenging due to spatial heterogeneity and tidal flooding. We utilized eddy covariance and...
Authors
Julie Shahan, Housen Chu, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Maiyah Matsumura, Joseph Carlin, Elke Eichelmann, Ellen Goodrich-Stuart, Brian Bergamaschi, Kyle Nakatsuka, Patty Oikawa, Cove Sturtevant
Non-USGS Publications**
Bergamaschi, B.A. and Hedges, J.I. (1995) A Multichambered Apparatus for HF Solvolysis Experiments - Reaction of Cellulose HF Solvolysis Products with Acetic-Acid and Acetic-Anhydride. Carbohydrate Research 267, 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(94)00279-O
Hedges, J.I., Bergamaschi, B.A. and Benner, R. (1994) Comparative Analyses of DOC and DON in Natural Water - Erratum (Vol 41, Pg 121, 1989). Marine Chemistry 46, 407-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(94)90035-3
Hedges, J.I., Bergamaschi, B.A. and Benner, R. (1993) Comparative Analyses of DOC and DON in Natural Water. Marine Chemistry 41, 121-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90110-A
Hopkinson, C., Cifuentes, L., Burdige, D., Fitzwater, S., Hansell, D., Henrichs, S., Kahler, P., Koike, I., Walsh, T. and Bergamaschi, B. (1993) Measurement of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Natural Waters - DON Subgroup Report. Marine Chemistry 41, 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90103-U
Hedges, J.I. and Bergamaschi, B.A. (1992) Seawater Carbon Measurement. Nature 359, 202-202. https://doi.org/DOI 10.1038/359202a0
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
San Francisco Bay-Delta Water Quality, Nutrient, and Phytoplankton Mapping, 2018-2020-2021-2022-2023-2024 Comparison San Francisco Bay-Delta Water Quality, Nutrient, and Phytoplankton Mapping, 2018-2020-2021-2022-2023-2024 Comparison
San Francisco Bay-Delta Water Quality, Nutrient, and Phytoplankton Mapping, 2018-2020-2021-2022-2023-2024 Comparison
Bay- Delta Water Quality, Nutrient and Phytoplankton Mapping | US Geological Survey Bay- Delta Water Quality, Nutrient and Phytoplankton Mapping | US Geological Survey
Data visualization tool created for California's Bay-Delta Regional Monitoring Program. This web applicaton visualizes nutrients and phytoplankton spatially and temporally.
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 22
Remote Sensing of Mercury Pollution in South San Francisco Bay
San Francisco Bay has a long history of being subject to natural resources exploitation and pollution. Ongoing flux of contaminants into the bay, legacy pollution from the Gold Rush era and structural modifications still influence the natural ecosystem today. This project aims to map multiple forms (i.e. species) of mercury -- one of the major contaminants in the bay -- to help inform restoration...
Assessing impacts of wildfire on water and habitat quality in downstream aquatic ecosystems using remote sensing
This project focuses on the downstream effects of wildfires on lakes, reservoirs, and coastal water within the larger context of the USGS project on Post-fire Hazards and Impacts to Resources and Ecosystems (PHIRE): Support for Response, Recovery, and Mitigation. The overall objective of this work is to leverage the historic satellite remote sensing record to provide insight on the impact of...
Biogeochemistry Group
The Biogeochemistry (BGC) Group uses an interdisciplinary approach to address surface water quality issues and food web dynamics throughout California, particularly in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay.
Sampling Locations for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project
Since 1969, the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project has conducted water-column sampling along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system. Learn more about when and where we collect data.
Sampling Methods for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project
The Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project measures changes in water quality along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system using submersible sensors and discrete water samples. Learn more about how we collect and measure water-quality data.
Research Vessel David H. Peterson
The Research Vessel David H. Peterson begain service with the U.S. Geological Survey in 2015. Named after a founder of the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project, this vessel is a high-tech scientific platform for estuarine research. Learn more about how the R/V David H. Peterson makes our research possible.
Assessing Sediment Nutrient Storage and Release in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
Sediments represent an important pool of nutrients in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta). The exchange of nutrients between the water column and the benthos impacts water quality and effects phytoplankton, harmful algal blooms, aquatic vegetation, and drinking water quality. To date, there is very limited information about nutrient pools in Delta sediments, nor how these nutrients are...
Evaluating the effects of wastewater-derived nutrients on phytoplankton abundance and community structure in the San Francisco Estuary and Delta
Planned upgrades to the Sacramento Regional wastewater treatment plant (SRWTP) will substantially reduce nutrient discharge and also alter the types and amounts of nutrients being distributed across the San Francisco Delta and Estuary (Delta). One highly anticipated outcome of lower nutrients is improved productivity in the phytoplankton communities that supply aquatic food webs, which should...
Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project
Since 1969, the U.S. Geological Survey has maintained a research project in the San Francisco Bay-Delta system to measure and understand how estuarine systems and tidal river deltas function and change in response to hydro-climatic variability and human activities.
Creating a Model to Predict Future Carbon Levels in Tidally-driven Marshes
Tidal marshes are important ecosystems in the San Francisco-Bay Delta. They remove carbon from the atmosphere, they build up soils that buffer our communities from sea level rise, they provide critical habitat and food resources for a diversity of species, and they reduce excessive nutrients which have a negative impact on water quality. As a result of land-use change and urbanization, the San...
NASA-USGS National Blue Carbon Monitoring System
The NASA-USGS National Blue Carbon Monitoring System project will evaluate the relative uncertainty of iterative modeling approaches to estimate coastal wetland (marsh and mangrove) C stocks and fluxes based on changes in wetland distributions, using nationally available datasets (Landsat) and as well as finer scale satellite and field derived data in six sentinel sites.
Trends in Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
Water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta contains high concentrations of disinfection byproduct-forming (DBP-forming) materials when treated for potable use. DBPs form when dissolved organic compounds (DOC) in water react with disinfectants such as chlorine and ozone during the water treatment process. The amount of DBPs that form is a function of both the amount and source of the DOC, both of...
Filter Total Items: 25
Cyanotoxins in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Whole Water Cyanotoxin Samples Cyanotoxins in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Whole Water Cyanotoxin Samples
This dataset is comprised of cyanotoxin concentrations from whole water cyanotoxin samples collected at water quality stations in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, beginning in 2020. Cyanotoxin congeners were measured from whole water cyanotoxin samples within the cyanotoxin classes: microcystins, anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, saxitoxins, anabaenopeptins, and nodularin. Concentrations...
Water quality and nutrient data from San Joaquin River and Stockton Waterfront, April and August 2024 Water quality and nutrient data from San Joaquin River and Stockton Waterfront, April and August 2024
This dataset records diel changes to water quality parameters, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass in the south-eastern region of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Sampling occurred in August 2024 in the Stockton Waterfront (City of Stockton, San Joaquin County, California, USA) and San Joaquin River. Data was collected from approximately 6am to 9pm Pacific Standard Time on August 6, 13...
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale: 2023 High resolution mapping surveys Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale: 2023 High resolution mapping surveys
Broad-area, high-resolution, boat-based water quality mapping surveys of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Suisun Bay (Delta) of California, USA were conducted under different environmental/flow conditions in May, July, and October of 2023. The spatial and temporal variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality parameters were assessed. This dataset includes...
Cyanotoxins in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Fixed Station Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) samplers Cyanotoxins in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Fixed Station Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) samplers
This dataset is comprised of cyanotoxin concentrations in extracts from solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) samplers deployed at fixed sampling stations in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, beginning in 2020. SPATT samplers are a form of passive sampler constructed of adsorbent resin beads that concentrate cyanotoxins over time. Cyanotoxin congeners were measured from SPATT...
Above-water hyperspectral field spectroscopy measurements at Franks Tract in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California Above-water hyperspectral field spectroscopy measurements at Franks Tract in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California
Hand-held hyperspectral spectroscopy data were collected in 2022 in Franks Tract, a flooded area located in the central Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. The data were collected from a boat and co-located within pixels from the Ocean Land Color Imaging (OLCI) sensor on the Sentinel-3A and 3-B satellites. Data from 16 sites within 7 OLCI pixels were collected on three days: July...
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water-quality constituents in the San Francisco Bay, California: 2021-2022 High-resolution mapping surveys Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water-quality constituents in the San Francisco Bay, California: 2021-2022 High-resolution mapping surveys
The dataset documents the spatial and temporal variability of nutrients and related water quality parameters at high spatial resolution in the San Francisco Bay of California, USA in 2021 and 2022. The dataset includes nitrate, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll as well as information about phytoplankton community composition. Data-collection cruises were...
Water quality, nutrient, and phytoplankton data from Franks Tract, Mildred Island, and neighboring channels in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: 2022 and 2023 High-resolution mapping surveys Water quality, nutrient, and phytoplankton data from Franks Tract, Mildred Island, and neighboring channels in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: 2022 and 2023 High-resolution mapping surveys
Surface water quality, water isotope, and phytoplankton enumeration data were collected to evaluate the impact of an Emergency Drought Barrier (EDB) in False River in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Data were collected on six days during 2022 and 2023 (June 7, June 21, July 27, August 9, October 12, November 30, 2022, and February 21, 2023). Sampling occurred in Franks Tract, Mildred...
KdPAR and surface water-quality data collected in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta in 2013 and 2014 KdPAR and surface water-quality data collected in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta in 2013 and 2014
Data release provides diffuse light attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (KdPAR) derived from in-situ light measurements, along with surface water-quality and atmospheric data collected in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Rive Delta in California between January 2013 and May 2014. These associated surface level water-quality and atmospheric data, and categorical...
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton and related water-quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale: 2020-2021 High-resolution mapping surveys Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton and related water-quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale: 2020-2021 High-resolution mapping surveys
The dataset documents the spatial and temporal variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality parameters at high spatial resolution in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and Suisun Bay of California, USA. The dataset includes nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, dissolved organic carbon, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll as well as...
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta during treated wastewater effluent holds: August and September 2019 high resolution mapping surveys Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta during treated wastewater effluent holds: August and September 2019 high resolution mapping surveys
The study is comprised of daily survey data consisting of high resolution mapping and discrete sample collection of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents conducted in the Sacramento River, Georgiana Slough, and the North and South Forks of the Mokelumne River on August 28 and September 10-12, 2019, coincident with planned holds of treated wastewater effluent...
Phytoplankton Species Composition and Abundance in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: Microscopic Enumeration of USGS Samples, beginning in 2016 (ver. 1.1, December 2023) Phytoplankton Species Composition and Abundance in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: Microscopic Enumeration of USGS Samples, beginning in 2016 (ver. 1.1, December 2023)
This dataset contains taxonomy, density (cells/mL), and biovolume (μm3/mL) data for phytoplankton sampled across the Sacramento San Joaquin River Delta and San Francisco Bay (Bay-Delta) beginning in 2016. Whole water phytoplankton samples were collected intermittently during special projects and during routine visits to service continuous monitoring stations. Samples were preserved with...
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta related to the 2015 installation of the False River Emergency Drought Barrier: 2015 and 2016 high-resolution m Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta related to the 2015 installation of the False River Emergency Drought Barrier: 2015 and 2016 high-resolution m
This data release documents the spatial and temporal variability of nutrients and related water quality parameters at high spatial resolution in the western and central portion of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta of California, USA. The data set includes water residence time, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, dissolved organic carbon, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen...
Filter Total Items: 110
An integrated sensor network and data driven approach to satellite remote sensing of dissolved organic matter An integrated sensor network and data driven approach to satellite remote sensing of dissolved organic matter
Traditional remote sensing retrieval models for water quality have historically relied on limited, localized data sets due to the prohibitive costs of extensive field campaigns and logistical challenges of collecting match-up data with satellite overpasses. As a result, these models often lack generalizability across seasons, tides, and sites. Furthermore, small field data sets limit the...
Authors
Dulcinea Marie Avouris, Erin Hestir, Jacob Fleck, Jeffrey Hansen, Brian Bergamaschi
Identifying conditions associated with outliers produced by three different chlorophyll fluorometers: A comparison of instrumentation and development of correction formulae Identifying conditions associated with outliers produced by three different chlorophyll fluorometers: A comparison of instrumentation and development of correction formulae
Measurements of chlorophyll concentration reported by fluorometers (fChl) are used in environmental research and monitoring, as inputs to models, and in the interpretation of remote sensing data. Researchers and managers benefit from understanding how to interpret and ensure the accuracy of fChl data collected by in situ fluorometers. Although fChl values produced by different...
Authors
Emily Richardson, Tamara Kraus, Crystal Sturgeon, Katy O’Donnell, Brian Bergamaschi
Estimating biogeochemical rates using a computationally efficient Lagrangian approach Estimating biogeochemical rates using a computationally efficient Lagrangian approach
Nutrient concentrations in many estuaries have increased over the past century due to increases in wastewater discharge and increased agricultural intensity, contributing to multiple environmental problems. Numerous biogeochemical and physical processes in estuaries influence nutrient concentrations during transport, resulting in complex spatial and temporal variability and challenges...
Authors
Edward Gross, Rusty Holleman, Wim Kimmerer, Tamara Kraus, Brian Bergamaschi, Scott Burdick-Yahya, David Senn
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water-quality constituents in the California Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale—2018 high resolution mapping surveys Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water-quality constituents in the California Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta at the landscape scale—2018 high resolution mapping surveys
Executive Summary This study examined the abundance and distribution of nutrients and phytoplankton in the tidal aquatic environments of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta) and Suisun Bay, comprising three spatial surveys conducted in May, July, and October of 2018 that used continuous underway high frequency sampling and measurements onboard a high-speed boat to characterize...
Authors
Brian Bergamaschi, Tamara Kraus, Bryan Downing, Elizabeth Stumpner, Katy O’Donnell, Jeffrey Hansen, Jeniffer Soto Perez, Emily Richardson, Angela M. Hansen, Alan Gelber
Evaluation and refinement of chlorophyll-a algorithms for high-biomass blooms in San Francisco Bay (USA) Evaluation and refinement of chlorophyll-a algorithms for high-biomass blooms in San Francisco Bay (USA)
A massive bloom of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo occurred in summer 2022 in San Francisco Bay, causing widespread ecological impacts including events of low dissolved oxygen and mass fish kills. The rapidly evolving bloom required equally rapid management response, leading to the use of near-real-time image analysis of chlorophyll from the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI)...
Authors
Raphael Kudela, David Senn, Emily Richardson, Keith Bouma-Gregson, Brian Bergamaschi, Lawrence Sim
Physics to fish—Understanding the factors that create and sustain native fish habitat in the San Francisco Estuary Physics to fish—Understanding the factors that create and sustain native fish habitat in the San Francisco Estuary
Executive SummaryThe Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) operates the Central Valley Project (CVP), one of the nation’s largest water projects. Reclamation has an ongoing need to improve the scientific basis for adaptive management of the CVP and, by extension, joint operations with California’s State Water Project. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) works cooperatively with the Bureau of...
Authors
Larry Brown, David Ayers, Brian Bergamaschi, Jon Burau, Evan Dailey, Bryan Downing, Maureen Downing-Kunz, Frederick Feyrer, Brock Huntsman, Tamara Kraus, Tara Morgan, Jessica Lacy, Francis Parchaso, Catherine A. Ruhl, Elizabeth Stumpner, Paul Stumpner, Janet Thompson, Matthew Young
A simple approach to modeling light attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta using commonly available data A simple approach to modeling light attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta using commonly available data
The diffuse attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (KdPAR) is commonly used to predict light attenuation in aquatic productivity models, but obtaining measurements of PAR to compute KdPAR is difficult. In situ calculations of KdPAR require multiple measurements of PAR through the water column, and these measurements are infeasible for real-time recording. Instead...
Authors
Emily Richardson, Keith Bouma-Gregson, Katy O’Donnell, Brian Bergamaschi
A novel boat-based field application of a high-frequency conductometric ammonium analyzer to characterize spatial variation in aquatic ecosystems A novel boat-based field application of a high-frequency conductometric ammonium analyzer to characterize spatial variation in aquatic ecosystems
Documenting dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration and form at appropriate temporal and spatial scales is key to understanding aquatic ecosystem health, particularly as DIN fuels primary productivity. In addition to point and non-point source nutrient inputs, factors such as hydrology, geomorphology, temperature, light, and biogeochemical transformations influence nutrient...
Authors
Emily Richardson, Angela Hansen, Tamara Kraus, Bryan Downing, Don Forsberg, John Stillian, Katy O’Donnell, Crystal Sturgeon, Brian Bergamaschi
Field techniques for fluorescence measurements targeting dissolved organic matter, hydrocarbons, and wastewater in environmental waters: Principles and guidelines for instrument selection, operation and maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting Field techniques for fluorescence measurements targeting dissolved organic matter, hydrocarbons, and wastewater in environmental waters: Principles and guidelines for instrument selection, operation and maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting
The use of field deployable fluorescence sensors by the U.S. Geological Survey has become increasingly common for a wide variety of surface water and groundwater investigations. This report addresses field deployable fluorometers that measure the fluorescence response of various substances in water exposed to incident light generated by the sensor. An introduction to the basic principles...
Authors
Amanda Booth, Jacob Fleck, Brian A. Pellerin, Angela Hansen, Alexandra Etheridge, Guy Foster, Jennifer Graham, Brian Bergamaschi, Kurt Carpenter, Bryan Downing, Stewart Rounds, JohnFranco Saraceno
Increased salinity decreases annual gross primary productivity at a Northern California brackish tidal marsh Increased salinity decreases annual gross primary productivity at a Northern California brackish tidal marsh
Tidal marshes sequester 11.4–87.0 Tg C yr−1 globally, but climate change impacts can threaten the carbon capture potential of these ecosystems. Tidal marshes occur across a wide range of salinity, with brackish marshes (0.5–18 ppt (parts per thousand)) dominating global tidal marsh extents. A diverse mix of freshwater- and saltwater-tolerant plant and microbial communities has led...
Authors
Sarah Russell, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Ellen Goodrich-Stuart, Brian Bergamaschi, Frank Anderson, Patty Oikawa, Sara Knox
Field techniques for the determination of algal pigment fluorescence in environmental waters—Principles and guidelines for instrument and sensor selection, operation, quality assurance, and data reporting Field techniques for the determination of algal pigment fluorescence in environmental waters—Principles and guidelines for instrument and sensor selection, operation, quality assurance, and data reporting
The use of algal fluorometers by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has become increasingly common. The basic principles of algal fluorescence, instrument calibration, interferences, data quantification, data interpretation, and quality control are given in Hambrook Berkman and Canova (2007). Much of the guidance given for instrument maintenance, data storage, and quality assurance in...
Authors
Guy Foster, Jennifer Graham, Brian Bergamaschi, Kurt Carpenter, Bryan Downing, Brian A. Pellerin, Stewart Rounds, John Saraceno
Combining eddy covariance and chamber methods to better constrain CO2 and CH4 fluxes across a heterogeneous restored tidal wetland Combining eddy covariance and chamber methods to better constrain CO2 and CH4 fluxes across a heterogeneous restored tidal wetland
Tidal wetlands play an important role in global carbon cycling by storing carbon in sediment at millennial time scales, transporting dissolved carbon into coastal waters, and contributing significantly to global CH4 budgets. However, these ecosystems' greenhouse gas monitoring and predictions are challenging due to spatial heterogeneity and tidal flooding. We utilized eddy covariance and...
Authors
Julie Shahan, Housen Chu, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Maiyah Matsumura, Joseph Carlin, Elke Eichelmann, Ellen Goodrich-Stuart, Brian Bergamaschi, Kyle Nakatsuka, Patty Oikawa, Cove Sturtevant
Non-USGS Publications**
Bergamaschi, B.A. and Hedges, J.I. (1995) A Multichambered Apparatus for HF Solvolysis Experiments - Reaction of Cellulose HF Solvolysis Products with Acetic-Acid and Acetic-Anhydride. Carbohydrate Research 267, 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(94)00279-O
Hedges, J.I., Bergamaschi, B.A. and Benner, R. (1994) Comparative Analyses of DOC and DON in Natural Water - Erratum (Vol 41, Pg 121, 1989). Marine Chemistry 46, 407-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(94)90035-3
Hedges, J.I., Bergamaschi, B.A. and Benner, R. (1993) Comparative Analyses of DOC and DON in Natural Water. Marine Chemistry 41, 121-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90110-A
Hopkinson, C., Cifuentes, L., Burdige, D., Fitzwater, S., Hansell, D., Henrichs, S., Kahler, P., Koike, I., Walsh, T. and Bergamaschi, B. (1993) Measurement of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Natural Waters - DON Subgroup Report. Marine Chemistry 41, 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90103-U
Hedges, J.I. and Bergamaschi, B.A. (1992) Seawater Carbon Measurement. Nature 359, 202-202. https://doi.org/DOI 10.1038/359202a0
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
San Francisco Bay-Delta Water Quality, Nutrient, and Phytoplankton Mapping, 2018-2020-2021-2022-2023-2024 Comparison San Francisco Bay-Delta Water Quality, Nutrient, and Phytoplankton Mapping, 2018-2020-2021-2022-2023-2024 Comparison
San Francisco Bay-Delta Water Quality, Nutrient, and Phytoplankton Mapping, 2018-2020-2021-2022-2023-2024 Comparison
Bay- Delta Water Quality, Nutrient and Phytoplankton Mapping | US Geological Survey Bay- Delta Water Quality, Nutrient and Phytoplankton Mapping | US Geological Survey
Data visualization tool created for California's Bay-Delta Regional Monitoring Program. This web applicaton visualizes nutrients and phytoplankton spatially and temporally.