Jennifer Harden

Harden, J.W., and Marchand, D.E., 1977, The soil chronosequence of the Merced River area; in Singer, M.J. (ed.), Soil development, geomorphology, and Cenozoic history of the northeastern San Joaquin Valley and adjacent areas, California:  Guidebook for the joint field session of the American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, and the Geological Society of America, Chapter. VII; Davis, Univ. of California Press, p. 22-38.

Marchand, D.E., and Harden, J.W., 1978, Preliminary geologic maps showing Quaternary deposits of the lower Tuolumne and Stanislaus alluvial fans and the lower San Joaquin River, Stanislaus County, California:  U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 78-656, scale 1:24,000 (4 quadrangles).

Harden, J.W., and Marchand, D.E., 1980, Quaternary stratigraphy and interpretation of soil data from the Auburn, Oroville, and Sonora areas along the foothills fault system, western Sierra Nevada, California:  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-305, 57 p.

Harden, J.W., 1982, An index of soil development from field descriptions:  examples from a chronosequence in central California:  Geoderma,  vol. 28, p. 1-28.

Harden, J.W., 1982, A study of soil development using the geochronology of Merced River deposits, California, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. California, Berkeley, 237 p.

Harden, J.W., and Taylor, E.M., 1983, A quantitative comparison of soil development in four climatic regimes: Quaternary Research, v. 20, no. 3, p. 342-359.

Harden, J.W. 1986.  Field Methods; in Singer, M.J. and Janitzky, Peter (ed.), Field and laboratory procedures used in soil chronosequence study: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1648, 180 p.

Pavich, M.J., Brown, Louis, Harden, J.W., Klein, J. and Middleton, R., 1986, 10Be distribution in soils from Merced River terraces, California.  Geochemica Cosmochemica Acta 50, 1727-1735.

Harden, J.W., 1986, Soils developed in granitic alluvium near Merced, California, in Harden, J.W., (ed):  A series of soil chronosequences in the western United States, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1590A, 35 p., 7 tables, 14 figs.

Harden, J.W. (editor), 1987. A series of soil chronosequences in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin series 1590.  7 chapters are published.

Harden, J.W., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., and Dembroff, G., 1987, Soils developed on coastal and fluvial terraces near Ventura, California, in Harden, J.W., (ed):  A series of soil chronosequences in the western United States, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1590B, 34p.

Switzer, P.S., Harden, J.W., and Mark, R.K., 1988, A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: a design for soil--chronosequence studies: Mathematical Geol., v. 20, no. 1, p. 49-61.

Mayer, Larry, McFadden, L.D., and Harden, J.W., 1988, The distribution of calcium carbonate in desert soils:  A model: Geology, v.16, no. 4, p. 303-306.

Harden, J.W., Reheis, M.C., Sowers, J.M., and Slate, J.L., 1988, Comment on scanning electron microscope method for rock-varnish dating: Geology 16 (11), 1024.. 

Sowers, J. M., and others, 1988, Geomorphology and pedology on the Kyle Canyon Alluvial Fan, Southern Nevada in  Weide, David L., and Faber, Marianne L. (eds.), This extended land, Geological Journeys in the Southern Basin and Range, Field Trip Guidebook, Geological Society of  America Cordilleran Section Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, p. 137.

Harden, J.W., 1988, Measurement of water penetration and volume percentage water-holding capacity for undisturbed, coarse-textured soils in SW California: Soil Science 146, p. 374-383.

Reheis, M.C., Harden, J.W., McFadden, L.D., and Shroba, R.R., 1989, Morphology, variation in description, and rates of development of Late Quaternary soils, Silver Lake, California: Soil Science Society of American Journal, v. 53, p. 1127-1140.  

Harden, J.W., 1989, Chemical differentiation of soils: elemental and mineralogical changes in a soil chronosequence:  Geoderma, v. 43, p. 179-193.

Harden, J.W., and Matti, J.C., 1989, Holocene and Late Pleistocene slip rates on the San Andreas fault in Yucaipa, California, using displaced alluvial-fan deposits and soil chronology.  Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, p. 1107-1117, 4 tables, 7 figures.

1990’s

Harden, J.W., 1990, Soil development on stable landforms and implications for landscape studies: Geomorphology, v. 3, p. 391-398.

Harden, J.W., Taylor, E.M., McFadden, L.D., and Reheis, M.C., 1991,  Calcic, gypsic and siliceous soil chronosequences in arid and semiarid environments.  Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Special Publication no. 26, p1-16.

Kendrick, K. J., Harden, J. W., and Clark, M. M., submitted, Use of quantified soil development to determine slip rates on the Paicines fault, northern California:  Submitted to Geological Society of America Bulletin.

Harden, J.W., Taylor, E.M., Hill, C., Mark, R.K., McFadden, L.D., Reheis, M.C., and Wells, S.G., 1991, Rates of soil development from four soil chronosequences in the southern Great Basin:  Quaternary Research; 35,383-399. 

Harden, J.W., Taylor, E.M., Reheis, M.C., and McFadden, L.D., 1991, Calcic, gypsic, and siliceous soil chronosequences in arid and semiarid environments, IN, Occurerence, Characteristics, and Genesis of Carbonate, Gypsum, and Silica Accumulation in Soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Special Publication no. 26., p1-16.

Harden, J.W., Slate, J.L., Lamothe, P., Chadwick, O. Pendall, E. and Gillespie, A., 1991, Soil formation on the Trail Canyon alluvial fan, Fish Lake Valley, Nevada.  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-291 and IN guidebook to 1991 Pacific Cell, Friends of the Pleistocene.

Pendall, E., Harden, J.W., and Trumbore, S., 1991, Pedogneic isotopic indicators of climate and carbon cycling in Fish Lake Valley, Nevada.  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-296 and IN guidebook to 1991 Pacific Cell, Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip.

Terhune, C.L., and Harden, J.W., 1992, Seasonal variations of soil carbon dioxide concentrations in coarse-grained desert soils of southern Nevada, U.S.A.; Soil Science 151 (6), 417-429.

Harden, J.W., Sundquist, E.T., Stallard, R.F., Mark, R.K., 1992, Dynamics of soil carbon during deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.  SCIENCE 258, p. 1921-1923.

Reheis, M.C., Sowers, J.M., Taylor, E.M., McFadden, L.D., and Harden, J.W.,1993.   Morphology and genesis of calcic soils on the Kyle Canyon Fan, Nevada USA. Geoderma, 34, pp 305-342.

Pendall, E., Harden, J.W., Trumbore, S., Chadwick, O., 1994, Isotopic approach to soil-carbonate dynamics: implications for paleoclimatic interpretations. Quaternary Research 42, 60-71.

Black, T.A. and Harden, J.W., 1994, Soil carbon and nitrogen data set for a soil sequence disturbed by timber harvest, Blodgett Experimental Forest, Georgetown, CA, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-188, 104 p.

Black, T.A., and Harden, J.W., 1995, Effect of timber harvest on soil carbon storage at Blodgett Experimental forest, California, Can. Jour. For. Research 25, pp. 1385-1396.  5 figures, 5 tables, 30 p. text

Reheis, M.C., Goodmacher, J.C., Harden, J.W., McFadden, L.D., Rockwell, T.K., Shroba, R.R., Sowers, J.M., Taylor, E.M., 1995.  Quaternary soils and dust deposition in southern Nevada and California.  Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. vol. 107, pp. 1003-1022.

White, A.F., Blum, A.E., Schulz, M.S., Bullen, T.D., Harden, J.W., and Peterson, M.L., 1996, Chemical weathering of a soil chronosequence on granite alluvium . I. Reaction rates based on changes in soil mineralogy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 27, pp.1129-1245.

Bullen, T. , White, A. , Blum, A., Harden, J., and Schulz, J., 1997,  Chemical weathering of a soil chronosequence on granitoid alluvium II. Mineralogic and isotopic constraints on the behavior of Sr. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 61 (2) pp. 291-306

Trumbore, S.E. and Harden, J.W., 1997. Input, accumulation and turnover of carbon in soils of the BOREAS northern study area. Jour. Geophys. Research 102 pp. 28816-28923.

Harden, J.S., O'Neill, K.P., Trumbore, S.E., Veldhuis, H. and Stocks, B.J. 1997.  Moss and soil contributions to the annual net carbon flux of a maturing boreal forest.  Jour. Geophys. Research vol 102, D24 pp. 28805-28816.

Goulden, M.L., Wofsy, S.C., Harden, J.W., Trumbore, S.E. , Crill, P.M., Gower, S.T., Fries, T., Daube, B.C., Fan, S.M., Sutton, D.J. Bazzaz, A., and Munger, J.W. 1998. Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon to soil thaw. Science 279, 9 Jan.pp. 214-217.

Rapalee, G., Trumbore, S.E., Davidson, E.A., Harden, J.W. and Velhuis, H. 1998. Scaling soil carbon stocks and fluxes at the BOREAS Northern Study Area. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12 (4) 687-701.

Sundquist, E.T., Bliss, N.B., Dean, W.D., Harden, J.W., Pavich, M.J., Markewich, H.W., and Stallard, R.F. 1998. U.S. Geological  Survey Mississippi Basin Carbon Project Science Plan. U.S. Geological Survey Open-file report 97-3852. 28p.

Harden, J.W., Fries, T., and Huntington, T. Mississippi Basin Carbon Project - Upland Soil Database for Northwestern Mississippi. 1998.  U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 98-440.

Sharpe, J. S., Harden, J.W., Ojima, D., Parton, W., and Dabney, S. 1998, Implementation of the CENTURY Ecosystem Model on an Eroding Hillslope in Mississippi. U.S.Geological Survey Open-file Report 98-440.

Huntington, T.G., Harden, J. W., Dabney,  S. M. , Marion, D. A. , Alonso, C. , Sharpe, J.M. 1999.  Soil, Environmental, and Watershed Measurements in support of carbon cycling studies in northwestern Mississippi. U.S.Geological Survey Open-File report 98-501.

Harden, J.W., Sharpe, J.M., Ojima, D., Parton, W., Fries, T., Huntington, T. and Dabney, S. 1999. Dynamic replacement and loss of soil carbon on eroding cropland.  Global Biogeochem. Cycles Vol. 13, No. 04 , p. 885-903.

Trumbore, S.E., Bubier, J. Harden, J.W., Crill, P.M., 1999. Carbon Cycling in Boreal Wetlands: A Comparison of Three Approaches.   Jour Geophys. Res. Atm. 104, p27,673-27,682.

Harden, J.W. , S.E. Trumbore, B.J. Stocks, A. Hirsch, S.T. Gower, K.P. O'Neill, and E.S. Kasischke. 2000. The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget. Global Change Biology 6, suppl.1, 174-184.

Manies, K. L, Harden, J.W., Kramer, L. and Parton, W. 2000, Parameterizing Century to model cultivated and noncultivated sites in the loess region of western Iowa. U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 00-508, 30p.

Torn, Margaret S., Lapenis, Andrei G. , Timofeev, Anatoly , Fischer, Marc L., Babikov, Boris V. ,Harden, J. W. 2000.  Organic Carbon and Carbon Isotopes in Modern and 100-Year-Old Soil Archives of the Russian Steppe. Global Change Biology 8: 941-953.

Harden, J.W., Fries, T.L., Haughy, R, Kramer, L, and Zheng, S. 2001. Mississippi Basin Carbon Project - Upland Soil Database for Sites in Nishnabotna River Basin, Iowa. U.S. Geological Survey Open-file report 01-217.

Manies, K.L., Harden, J.W., Kramer, L., and Parton, W.J. 2001 . Carbon dynamics within agricultural and native sites in the loess region of western Iowa. Global Change Biology 7, p. 545-555.

Gower, S.T., Hunter, A., Campbell, J., Vogel, J., Veldhuis, H., Harden, J., Trumbore, S., Norman, J.M., and Kucharik, C.J. 2001. Nutrient dynamics of the southern and northern BOREAS boreal forests. Ecoscience 12, p. 103-113.

Brenner, D.L., Amundson, R.  Baisden, W.T.,  Kendall, C. and Harden, J. 2001. Soil N and 15N variation with time in a California annual grassland ecosystem. Geochimica et Cosmoshimica Acta 65, 4171-4186.

Harden, J.W., T. Fries, M. Pavich, 2002.  Cycling of Beryllium and Carbon through Hillslope Soils in Iowa. Biogeochemistry. 60, no. 3, (2002): 317

King, S.,  Harden, J. W., Manies, K.L., Munster, J. and White, L.D..  2002.  Fate of Carbon in Alaskan Landscape Project - Database for soils from eddy covariance tower sites, Delta Junction, AK.  U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 02-62. 45 pages.

Randerson, J.T., Chapin, III, F.S., Harden J.W., Neff, J.C., and Harmon, M.E. 2002. Net Ecosystem Production: A Comprehensive Measure of Net Carbon Accumulation by Ecosystems. Ecological Applications12, no. 4, (2002): 937

Baisden, W T ; Amundson, R ; Brenner, D L ; Cook, A C ; Kendall, C ; Harden, J W, 2002.  A multiisotope C and N modeling analysis of soil organic matter turnover and transport as a function of soil depth in a California annual grassland soil chronosequence. DOI 10.1029/2001GBOO1823

Zhuang, Q., McGuire, A. D , Harden, J. W.,. O'Neill, K. P., Romanovsky, V. E. Yarie, J. 2002. Modeling the Soil Thermal and Carbon Dynamics of a Fire Chronosequence in Interior Alaska.  Jour. Geophys. Research 108, no. D1, 8147.

Harden, J. W., Mack, M. Veldhuis, H., and Gower, S.T.  2003.  Fire Dynamics and Implications for Nitrogen Cycling in Boreal Forests. Jour. Geophys.Res- Atm 108, D3,8223.

Schuur, E.A.G., Trumbore, S.E., Mack, M.M., and Harden, J.W.  2003.  The isotopic composition of carbon dioxide from a boreal forest fire: inferring carbon loss from measurements and modeling. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17(1), 1840. DOI10.1029/2001GB001840.

Harden, J.W., Meier, R., Darnel, C. , Swanson, D.K. , and McGuire, A.D. 2003. Soil drainage and its potential for influencing wildfire in Alaska IN in Galloway, J.P., ed., Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska in 2001.

Harden, J.W., Neff, J.C., Sandberg, D.V., and Gleixner, G. 2004.  The chemistry of burning the forest floor during FROSTFIRE, Interior Alaska, 1999. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18, No. 3, GB3014.

Lapenis A. G., Lawrence, G. B. , Andreev, A. A Bobrov, .  A. A., Torn, M. S., and Harden, J. W.  2004. Acidification of forest soil in Russia: From 1893 to present, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB1037, DOI10.1029/2003GB002107.

Masiello, C.A., O.A. Chadwick, J. Southon, M.S. Torn, J.W. Harden  2004. Mechanisms of carbon storage in grassland soils.  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18: DOI 10.1029/2004GB002219.

Manies, K.L., Harden, J.W., Silva, S.R., Briggs, P.H., and Schmid, B.M. 2004. Soil data from Picea mariana stands near Delta Junction, AK of different ages and soil drainage type. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2004-1271. 19 pp.

Yoshikawa, K., Overdiun, P.P., and Harden, J.W. 2004. Moisture content measurements of moss (Sphagnum spp.) using commercial sensors. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 15(4): 309-318.

Manies, K.L., Harden, J.W., Bond-Lamberty, B., and O’Neill, K.P.  2005.  Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage.  Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 472-482.

Turetsky, M.R., Mack, M.C., Harden, J.W., and Manies, K.L.  2005.  Spatial patterning of soil carbon storage across boreal landscapes.  IN Ecosystem Function in Heterogeneous Landscapes.  Edited by Lovett, G.M., Jones, C.G., Turner, M.G., and Weathers, K.C.  Springer, New York.  pp. 229-255.

Neff J.C., Harden, J.W., and Gleixner, G. 2005. Fire effects on soil organic matter content and composition in boreal interior Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 2178-2187.

Overduin, P. P., Yoshikawa, K., Kane, D. L., Harden, J., 2005. Comparing electronic probes for volumetric water content of low bulk-density feathermoss. Sensor Review 25: 215-221.

Carrasco, J.J., Neff, J.C., and Harden, J.W.  2006.  Modeling physical and biogeochemical controls over carbon accumulation in a boreal forest soil.  Journal of  Geophysical Research 111, G02004, doi:10.1029/2005JG000087.

Chapin, F.S. III, Woodwell, G.M., Randerson, J.T., Lovett, G.M., Rastetter, E.B., Baldocchi, D.D., Clark, D.A., Harmon, M.E., Schimel, D.S., Valentini, R., Wirth, C., Aber, J.D., Cole, J.J., Giblin, A., Goulden, M.L., Harden, J.W., Heimann, M., Howarth, R.W., Matson, P.A., McGuire, A.D., Melillo, J.M., Mooney, H.A., Neff, J.C., Houghton, R.A., Pace, M.L.,. Ryan, M.G , Running, S.W., Sala, O.E., Schlesinger, W.H., and Schulze, E.-D. 2006. Reconciling carbon-cycle concepts, terminology, and methodology. Ecosystems doi:  10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7.

Harden, J.W., Manies, K.L., Neff, J.C., and Turetsky, M.R.  2006.  Effects of wildfire and permafrost on soil organic matter and soil climate in interior Alaska. Global Change Biology 12: 1-13, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01255.x.

Rosenbloom N.A., Harden, J.W., Neff, J.C., and Schimel, D.S. 2006. Geomorphic control of landscape carbon accumulation.  Journal of Geophysical Research 111, G01004, doi:10.1029/2005JG000077.

Turestsky, M.R., Harden, J.W., Friedli, H.R., Crock, J., Radke, L., and Payne, N.  2006.  Wildfires threaten mercury stocks in northern soils.  Geophysical Research Letters 33:  L16403, doi:  10.1029/2005GL025595.

Wilmking, M., Harden, J., and Tape, K. 2006. Effect of tree line advance on carbon storage in NW Alaska.  Journal of Geophysical Research 111, G02023, doi: 10.1029/2005JG000074.

Wynn, J.G., Harden, J.W., and Fries, T.L. 2006.  Stable carbon isotope depth profiles and soil organic carbon dynamics in the lower Mississippi Basin. Geoderma 131: 89-109.

Manies, K. L., Harden, J.W. and Veldhuis, H. 2006.  Soil Data from a Moderately Well and Somewhat Poorly Drained Fire Chronosequence near Thompson, Manitoba, Canada. U.S. Geological Survey Open-file report 2006-1291.

Berhe, Asmeret Asfaw, Harte, J., Harden, J. W., Torn, M. S. 2007.  The Significance of the Erosion-induced Terrestrial Carbon Sink. Bioscience 57, 4, 337 – 346.

2008

Van Oost, K, Quine, T. A., Govers, G., Degryze, S. , Six, J, Harden, J.W., Ritchie, J. C.,  McCarty, G.W., Heckrath, G. , Cosmas, K , Giraldez, J. V. , Marques da Silva, J. R. , Merckx, R.2008 The impact of agricultural soil erosion on the global carbon cycle. Science 26 October 2007 Vol 319, Issue 5850 .

Harden, J.W., Fuller, C.C., Wilmking, M., Meyers-Smith, I.H., Trumbore, S.E., and Bubier, J.  2008. The fate of terrestrial carbon following permafrost degradation: detecting changes over recent decades. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, June 29 – July 3, 2008.  Kane, D.L. and Hinkel, K.M. (Eds.)  Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks.  p. 649 – 654.

Myers-Smith, Isla, Harden, Jennifer W., Wilking, M., Fuller, C, McGuire, A.D., and Chapin III, F.S., 2008. Wetland succession in a permafrost collapse: Interactions between fire and thermokarst. Biogoesciences 5, 1-15. DOI 10.1029/2007JG000423.

Turetsky, M.R., Treat, C.C., M.R. Waldrop, J.M Waddington, J.W. Harden, A.D. McGuire, 2008. Soil climate controls on methane fluxes and methanogen activity in an Alaskan peatland: short-term responses to in situ water table and soil warming manipulations.  Journal Geophysical Research 113, G00A10, doi:10.1029/2007JG000496.

Waldrop, M.P. and Harden, J.W. 2008. Interactive effects of wildfire and permafrost on microbial communities and soil processes in an Alaskan black spruce forest.  Global Change Biology 14: 2591-2602, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01661.x.

Harden, J.W., Fuller, C.C., Wilmking, M., Meyers-Smith, I.H., Trumbore, S.E., and Bubier, J.  2008. The fate of terrestrial carbon following permafrost degradation: detecting changes over recent decades. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, June 29 – July 3, 2008.  Kane, D.L. and Hinkel, K.M. (Eds.)  Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks.  p. 649 – 654.

Mack, M., Treseder, K., Manies, K., Harden, J., Schuur, E., Vogel, J., Randerson, J., Chapin, F.  2008.  Recovery of aboveground plant biomass and productivity after fire in mesic and dry black spruce forests of Interior Alaska.  Ecosystems, 11:  209-225.

Fan, Z., Neff, J.C., Harden, J.W., and Wickland, K.P.  2008.  Boreal soil carbon dynamics under a changing climate: a model inversion approach. Journal of Geophysical Research 113, G04016, doi:10.1029/2008JG000723.

O'Donnell JA, Romanovsky VE, Harden JW, Yoshikawa K, McGuire AD. 2008. The effect of soil moisture and ice content on the thermal conductivity of organic soil horizons underlain by discontinuous permafrost. Ninth Internal Conference on Permafrost. Fairbanks, Alaska AK June 23-July 3 p44-46.

2009

Chivers, M.R., Turetsky, M.R., Waddington, J.M., Harden, J.W., and McGuire, A.D. 2007.  Effects of experimental water table and temperature manipulations on ecosystem CO2 fluxes in an Alaskan boreal peatland. Ecosystems 12: 1329–1342 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-009-9292-y.

Johnson, K., and Harden, J. 2009. An Alaskan Soil Carbon Database. EOS 90(21): 184.

O’Donnell, J.A., Turetsky, M.R., Harden, J.W., Manies, K.L., Pruett, L.E., Shetler, G., and Neff, J.C. 2009. Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and vegetation on CO₂ fluxes in an upland black spruce forest and peatland in interior Alaska. Ecosystems 12(1): 52-72, doi: 10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4.

Yi, S., Manies, K., Harden, J., and McGuire, A.D.  2009.  Characteristics of organic soil in black spruce forests: Implications for the application of land surface and ecosystem models in cold regions.  Geophysical Research Letters 36, L05501, 5 pages, doi: 10.1029/2008GL037014.

Yi, S., K. Manies, J. Harden, and A.D. McGuire. 2009. Characteristics of organic soil in black spruce forests: Implications for the application of land surface and ecosystem models in cold regions. Geophysical Research Letters 36, L05501, 5 pages, doi:10.1029/2008GL037014.

Hockaday, W.C., Masiello, C.A., Smernik, R.J., Baldock, J.A., Randerson, J.T., Chadwick, O.A., and Harden, J.W.  2009.  The measurement of soil carbon oxidation state by ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). J. Geophys. Res. 114, G02014, doi: 10.1029/2008JG000803

2010

Jorgenson M.T., Romanovsky, V.E. , Harden, J.W. , Shur, Y., O’Donnell, J.A. , Schuur, E.A.G., Kanevskiy. M.Z. 2010. Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40: 1219-1236, doi: 10.1139/X10-060.

Goulden, M.L., McMillan, A.M.S. ,Winston, G.C. , Rocha, A.V., Manies, K.L. Harden, J.W. and Bond-Lamberty, B.P.  2010.  Patterns of NPP, GPP, respiration, and NEP during boreal forest sucession.  Global Change Biology doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02274.x.

Kane, E.S., Turetsky, M.R. Harden, J.W. , McGuire, A.D. and Waddington, J.M. 2010. Seasonal ice and hydrologic controls on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in a boreal rich fen. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 115, G04012, doi:10.1029/2010JG001366.

McGuire, A.D., Macdonald, R.W. , Schuur, E.A.G., Harden, J.W. , Kuhry, P. , Hayes, D.J., Christensen, T.R. and Heimann, M.  2010. The carbon budget of the northern cryosphere region. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability.

Waldrop, M. P., Wickland, K.P. White III, A.R. , Berhe, A.A. ,Harden, J.W. and Romanovsky. V.E. 2010. Molecular investigations into a globally important carbon pool: permafrost-protected carbon in Alaskan soils. Global Change Biology doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02141.x.

Yi, S., A. D. McGuire, Kasischke, E., Harden, J., Manies, K. , Mack, M. , and Turetsky M. 2010. A dynamic organic soil biogeochemical model for simulating the effects of wildfire on soil environmental conditions and carbon dynamics of black spruce forests, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G04015, doi:10.1029/2010JG001302.

Wickland, K.P. Neff, J.C. , Harden, J.W. 2010. The role of soil drainage class in carbon gas flux and decomposition in boreal black spruce forest . Submitted to Can. Jour. Forest Research 40, (11): 2123-2134 (provided field site access; 15% manuscript prep)

Turetsky, M.R., Kane, E.S., Harden, J.W., Ottmar, R.D., Manies, K.L., Hoy, Elizabeth, and Kasichke, E.S. 2010. Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands. Nature Geoscience 4, (1): 27-31.

O’Donnell J.A., Harden, J.W., McGuire, A.D. , Kanevskiy, M.Z. , Jorgenson, M.T., Xu, X,2010. Permafrost controls on soil carbon accumulation in an upland black spruce ecosystem: Implications for a changing fire regime. Global Change Biology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02358.x (initiated proposal for funding; participated in field work; provided quantitative model.

O'Donnell, J. A., J. W. Harden, A. D. McGuire, and V. E. Romanovsky. 2010. Exploring the sensitivity of soil carbon dynamics to climate change, fire disturbance and permafrost thaw in a black spruce ecosystem. Biogeosciences Discussions 7, (6): 8853-8893.

Turetsky, M.R., Mack^, M.C., Hollingsworth^, T., Harden, J.W. Patterns in moss productivity, decomposition, and succession: Implications for the resilience of Alaskan ecosystems Canadian Journal Forest Research 40, (7): 1237-1264.

2011:

Barrett, K., A.D. McGuire, E.E. Hoy, and E.S. Kasischke. 2011.  Potential shifts in dominant forest cover in interior Alaska driven by variations in fire severity. Ecological Applications 21: 2380-2396.

Fan, Z., J.C. Neff, J.W. Harden, T. Zhang, H. Veldhuis, C. Czimczik, G.C. Winston, and J.A. O’Donnell. 2011. Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change. Science of the Total Environment 409: 1836-1842. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009

Grosse, G., J. Harden, M. Turetsky, A. D. McGuire, P. Camill, C. Tarnocai, S. Frolking, E.A.G. Schuur, T. Jorgenson, S. Marchenko, V. Romanovsky, K.P. Wickland, N. French, M. Waldrop, L. Bourgeau-Chavez, and R.G. Striegl. 2011. Vulnerability of high-latitude soil organic carbon in North America to disturbance. Journal of Geophysical Research 116: G00K06. doi: 10.1029/2010JG001507.

Hayes, D.J., A.D. McGuire, D.W. Kicklighter, T.J. Burnside, and J.M. Melillo. 2011. The Effects of Land Cover and Land Use Change on the Contemporary Carbon Balance of the Arctic and Boreal Terrestrial Ecosystems of Northern Eurasia. Chapter 6 in Eurasian Arctic Land Cover and Land Use in a Changing Climate (edited by G. Gutman and A. Reissell). doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5.

Hayes, D.J., A.D. McGuire, D.W. Kicklighter, K.R. Gurney, T.J. Burnside, and J.M. Melillo. 2011. Is the northern high latitude land-based CO₂ sink weakening? Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 25, GB3018, doi 10.1029/2010GB003813.

Johnson, K.D., J. Harden, A.D. McGuire, N.B. Bliss, J.G. Bockheim, M. Clark, T. Nettleton-Hollingsworth, M.T. Jorgenson, E.S. Kane, M. Mack, J. O’Donnell, C. Ping, E.A.G. Schuur, M.R. Turetsky, D.W. Valentine. 2011.  Soil carbon distribution in Alaska in Relation to Soil-Forming Factors. Geoderma 167-168: 71-84.  doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.006

Krankina, O.N., D. Pflugmacher, D.J. Hayes, A.D. McGuire, M.C. Hansen, T. Hame, V. Elsakov, and P. Nelson. 2011. Vegetation cover in the Eurasian Arctic: Distribution, monitoring, and role in carbon cycling. Chapter 5 in Eurasian Arctic Land Cover and Land Use in a Changing Climate (edited by G. Gutman and A. Reissell). doi:  10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5.

Liu, S., B. Bond-Lamberty, J.A. Hicke, R. Vargass, S. Zhao, J. Chen, S.L. Edburg, Y. Hu, J. Liu, A.D. McGuire, J. Xiao, R. Keane, W. Yuan, J. Tang, Y. Luo, C. Potter, and J. Oeding. 2011. Simulating the impacts of disturbances on forest carbon cycling in North America: Processes, data, models, and challenges. Journal of Geophysical Research – Biogeosciences 116: G00K08. doi: 10.1029/2010JG001585.

Mackelprang, R,. Waldrop, M.P., DeAngelis, K.M., David, M.M. Chavarria, K.L., Blazewicz, S.J., Rubin, E.M., and Jansson, J.K. 2011. Deep metagenome sequencing illuminates rapid permafrost response to thaw. Nature 480 (7377): 368-371. doi: 10.1038/nature10576.

Manies, K.L., and J.W. Harden. 2011. Soil data from different-age Picea mariana stands near Delta Junction. U.S. Geological Survey Open-Fire Report 2011-1061. 10 p. and data files.

Michalak, A.M., R.B. Jackson, G. Marland, C. Sabine, and the Carbon Cycle Science Working Group (including A.D. McGuire). 2011. A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admistration PMEL Contribution 3731. 69 pages.

O'Donnell, J.A., J.W. Harden, A.D. McGuire, and V.E. Romanovsky. 2011. Exploring the sensitivity of soil carbon dynamics to climate change, fire disturbance, and permafrost thaw in a black spruce ecosystem. Biogeosciences 8: 1367-1382.  doi: 10.5194/bgd-8-1367-2011.

O'Donnell, J.A., J.W. Harden, A.D. McGuire, M.Z. Kanevskiy, M.T. Jorgenson, and X. Xu. 2011. The effect of fire and permafrost interactions on soil carbon accumulation in an upland black spruce ecosystem of interior Alaska: implications for post-thaw carbon loss. Global Change Biology 17(3): 1461-1474, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02358.x.

O'Donnell, J.A., J.W. Harden, and K.L. Manies. 2011. Soil physical, chemical, and gas-flux characterization from Picea mariana stands near Erickson Creek, Alaska.  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1153. 15 p. and data files.

Pan, Y., R.A. Birdsey, J. Fang, R. Houghton, P.E. Kauppi, W.A. Kurz, O.L. Phillips, A. Shvidenko, S.L. Lewis, J.G. Canadell, P. Ciais, R.B. Jackson, S. Pacala, A.D. McGuire, S. Piao, A. Rautiainen, S. Sitch, and D. Hayes. 2011. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests. Science 333: 988-993, doi:10.1126/science.1201609.

Turetsky, M.R., E.S. Kane, E.S., J.W. Harden, Ottmar, R.D., K.L. Manies, E. Hoy, and E.S. Kasichke.  2011. Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands.Nature Geosciences 4:27-31. doi: 10.1038/NGEO1027.

Blazewicz, S.J., D.G. Petersen, M.P. Waldrop, and M.K. Firestone.  2012.  Methane oxidation under anaerobic conditions in boreal and tropical soils.  Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences 117: G02033. doi: 10.1029/2011JG001864.

Graham, D.E., M.D. Wallenstein, T.A. Vishnivetskaya1, M.P. Waldrop, T.J. Phelps, S.M. Pfiffner, T.C. Onstott, L.G. Whyte, E.M. Rivkina, D.A. Gilichinsky, D.A. Elias, R. Mackelprang, N.C. VerBerkmoes, R.L. Hettich, D. Wagner, S.D. Wullschleger, J.K. Jansson, J.K. 2012. Microbes in Thawing Permafrost: The Unknown Variable in the Climate Change Equation. International Society for Microbial Ecology Journal6: 709-712. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.163.

Harden, J. W., C.D. Coven, C.-L. Ping, A.D. McGuire, P. Camill, T. Joregenson, P. Kuhry, G.J. Michaelson, J.A. O’Donnell, E.A.G. Schuur, C. Tarnocai, K. Johnson, and G. Grosse. 2012. Field information links permafrost carbon to physical vulnerabilities of thawing. Geophysical Research Letters 39(15): L15704.  doi: 10.1029/2012GL051958.

Harden, J.W., K.L. Manies, J. O’Donnell, K. Johnson, S. Frolking, Z. Fan. 2012. Spatioemporal analysis of black spruce forest soils and implications for the fate of C. Journal of Geophysical Research – Biogeosciences 15(2): 213-229. doi: 10.1029/2011JG001826.

Kane, E., M.R. Chivers, M.R. Turetsky, C.C. Treat, D.G. Petersen, M.P. Waldrop, J.W. Harden, and A.D. McGuire.  In review.  Response of anaerobic carbon cycling to water table manipulation in an Alaskan rich fen. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 58:50-60. doi: 10.1016/j.soibio.2012.10.032.

O'Donnell J.A., M.T. Jorgenson, J.W. Harden, A.D. McGuire, M.Z. Kanevskiy, and K.P. Wickland. 2012. The effects of permafrost thaw on soil hydrologic, thermal, and carbon dynamics in an Alaskan peatland. Ecosystems: 15: 213-229. doi: 10.1007/s10021-011-9504-0.

O’Donnell, J.A., J.W. Harden, K.L. Manies, and M.T. Jorgenson. 2012. Soil data for a collapse-scar bog chronosequence in Koyukuk Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 2008. USGS Open-File Report 2012-1230. 14 pp. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1230/

Zhaosheng, F., A.D. McGuire, M.R. Turetsky, J.W. Harden, J.M. Waddington, E.S. Kane. 2012. The response of soil organic carbon of a rich fen peatland in interior Alaska to projected climate change.Global Change Biology 19 (2): 604-620. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12041.

Fan, Z., A.D. McGuire, M.R. Turetsky, J.W. Harden, J.M. Waddington, and E.S. Kane. 2013. The response of soil organic carbon of a rich fen peatland in interior Alaska to projected climate change. Global Change Biology 19: 604–620. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12041.

Grosse, G. , J.E. Robinson, R. Bryant, M.D. Taylor, W. Harper, A. DeMasi, E. Kyker-Snowman,  A. Veremeeva, L. Schirrmeister, and J. Harden. 2013. Digital database of the distribution of late Pleistocene ice-rich syngenetic permafrost of the Yedoma Suite in East and Central Siberia, Russia. USGS Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1078. 37 pp. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1078/

Hugelius G., J.G. Bockheim, P. Camill, B. Elberling, G. Grosse, J.W. Harden, K. Johnson, T. Jorgenson, C.D. Koven, P. Kuhry, G. Michaelson, U. Mishra, J. Palmtag, C.L. Ping, J. O’Donnell, L. Schirrmeister, E.A.G. Schuur, Y. Sheng, L.C. Smith, J. Strauss, and Z. Yu. 2013. A new data set for estimating organic carbon storage to 3 m depth in soil of the northern circumpolar permafrost region. Earth System Science Data 5: 393-402. doi: 10.5194/essd-5-393-2013.

Kane, E.S., M.R. Chivers, M.R. Turetsky, C.C. Treat, D.G. Petersen, M. Waldrop, J.W. Harden, and A.D. McGuire. 2013. Response of anaerobic carbon cycling to water table manipulation in an Alaskan rich fen. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 58: 50-60. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.032.

Johnson, K. D., J.W. Harden, A.D. McGuire, M. Clark, F.M. Yuan, and A. Finley. 2013. Permafrost and organic layer interactions over a climate gradient in a discontinuous permafrost zone. Environmental Research Letters 8: 035028. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/035028.

Jorgenson, M.T. , J. Harden, M. Kanevskiy, J. O’Donnell, K. Wickland, S. Ewing, K. Manies, Q. Zhuang, Y. Shur, R.G. Stiegl, and J. Koch. 2013. Reorganization of vegetation, hydrology, and soil carbon after permafrost degradation across heterogeneous boreal landscapes. Environmental Research Letters 8: 035017. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035017.

McConnell, N., M.R. Turetsky, A.D. McGuire, E.S. Kane, M.P. Waldrop, and J.W. Harden. 2013. Controls on ecosystem and root respiration across a permafrost and wetland gradient in interior Alaska. Environmental Research Letters (special issue: Focus on Changing Permafrost in a Warmer World: Observation and implication): 8(4): 045029. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/045029.

Kuhry P, Grosse G, Harden JW, Hugelius G, Koven CD, Ping CL, Schirrmeister L, Tarnocai C . 2013. Characterisation of the Permafrost Carbon Pool.Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 24, 2. 146-155, doi: 10.1002/ppp.1782

Klapstein, S. J., M. R. Turetsky, A. D. McGuire, J. W. Harden, C. I. Czimczik,  X. Xu, J. P. Chanton, and J. M. Waddington 2014. Controls on methane released throughebullition in peatlands affected by permafrostdegradation, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 119, 418–431, doi:10.1002/2013JG002441.

Ewing, S.A., J.B. Paces, J.A. O’Donnell, M.T. Jorgenson, M.Z. Kanevskiy, G.R. Aiken, Y. Shur, J.W. Harden, and R. Striegl. 2015. Uranium isotopes in loess permafrost: modeling the age of ancient ice.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 11/2014; DOI:10.1016/j.gca.2014.11.008

Schuur, E.A.G., B.W. Abbott, W.B. Bowden, V. Brovkin, P. Camill, J.P. Canadell, J.P. Chanton, F.S. Chapin III, T.R. Christensen, P. Ciais, P.M. Crill, B.T. Crosby, C.I. Czimczik, G. Grosse, J. Harden, D.J. Hayes, G. Hugelius, J.D. Jastrow, J.B. Jones, T. Kleinin, C.D. Koven, G. Krinner, P. Kuhry, D.M. Lawrence, A.D. McGuire, S.M. Natali, J.A. O’Donnell, C.L. Ping, W.J. Riley, A. Rinke, V.E. Romanovsky, A.B.K. Sannel, C. Schadel, K. Schaefer, J. Sky, Z.M. Subin, C. Tarnocai, M. Turetsky, M. Waldrop, K.M. Walter-Anthony, K.P. Wickland, C.J. Wilson, and S.A. Zimov. 2013. Expert assessment of potential permafrost carbon feedback to climate change. Climatic Change 119: 359-374. doi:10.1007/s10584-013-0730-7.

Yue, C., P. Ciais, S. Luyssaert, P. Cadule, J. Harden, J. Randerson, V. Bellassen, T. Wang, S. Piao, B. Poulter, N. Viovy. 2013. Simulating boreal forest carbon dynamics after stand-replacing fire disturbance: insights from a global process-based vegetation model. Biogeosciences Discussion 10: 7299-7366. doi: 10.5094/bgd-10-7299-2013.

Mayer, L.M., K.R. Thornton, L.L. Schick, J.D. Jastrow, and J.W. Harden. 2013.  Photodissolution of soil organic matter.  Geoderma 170: 314-321. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.030.

Mishra, U., J.D. Jastrow, R. Matamala, G. Hugeluis, C.D. Koven, J.W. Harden, C.L., Ping, G.J. Michaelson, Z. Fan, R.M. Miller, A.D. McGuire, C. Tarnocai, P. Kuhry, W.J. Riley, K. Schaefer, E.A.G. Schuur, M.T. Jorenson, and L.D. Hinzman. 2013. Empirical estimates to reduce modeling uncertainties of soil organic carbon in permafrost regions: a review of recent progress and remaining challenges. Environmental Research Letters 8: 035020. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035020.

O’Donnell, J.A., J.W. Harden, K.L. Manies, M.T. Jorenson, M. Kanevskiy, and X. Xu. 2013. Soil data from fire and permafrost-thaw chronosequences in upland Picea mariana stands near Hess Creek and Tok, Alaska. USGS Open-File Report 2013-1045. 16 pp.

2014

Ewing, S.A., J.B. Paces, J.A. O’Donnell, M.T. Jorgenson, M.Z. Kanevskiy, G.R. Aiken, Y. Shur, J.W. Harden, and R. Striegl. 2014. Uranium isotopes in loess permafrost: modeling the age of ancient ice.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2014.11.008

Euskirchen, E.S., C. Edgar, M.R. Turetsky, M.P. Waldrop, and J.W. Harden. 2014. Differential response of carbon fluxes to climate in three peatland ecosystems that vary in the presence and stability of permafrost. Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences 119: 1576-1595. doi:10.1002/2014JG002683.

Hugelius, G., J. Strauss, S. Zubrzycki, J.W. Harden, E.A.G. Schuur, C.-L. Ping, L. Schirrmeister, G. Grosse, G.J. Michaelson, C.D. Koven, J.A. O’Donnell, B. Elberling, U. Mishra, P. Camill, Z. Yu, J. Palmtag, and P. Kuhry. 2014. Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps. Biogeosciences 11: 6573-6593. doi:10.5194.bg-11-6573-2014.

 Hugelius, G. , Strauss, J., Zubrzycki, S.,  Harden, J.W. ,  Schuur, E.A.G., Ping, C.L.  Schirrmeister, L., Grosse , G.,  Michaelson, G.L., Koven, C.D.,  O'Donnell, J.A.,  Elberling, B., , Mishra, U.  Camill, P.  Zu, Z.  Palmtag,  J.,  Kuhry, P. 2014. Improved estimates show large circumpolar stocks of permafrost carbon while quantifying substantial uncertainty ranges and identifying remaining data gaps. Biogeosciences Discussions 03/2014; 11(3):4771–4822. DOI:10.5194/bgd-11-4771-2014

Johnston, C.E. , S.A. Ewing, J.W. Harden, R.K. Varner, K.P. Wickland, J. Koch, C.C. Fuller, K.L. Manies, and M.T. Jorgenson. 2014. Effect of permafrost thaw on CO₂ and CH₄ exchange in a western Alaska peatland chronosequence. Environmental Research Letters 9: 085004. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/085004.

Kanevskiy, M., T. Jorgenson, Y. Shur, J.A. O’Donnell, J.W. Harden, Q. Zhuang, and D. Fortier. 2014. Cryostratigraphy and Permafrost Evolution in the Lacustrine Lowlands of West-Central Alaska.Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 25: 14-34. DOI: 10.1002/ppp.1800.

Klapstein, S.J., M.R. Turetsky, A.D. McGuire, J.W. Harden, C.I. Czimczik, X. Xu, J.P. Chanton, and J.M. Waddington. 2014. Controls on methane released through ebullition in peatlands affected by permafrost degradation. Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences 119: 418-431. DOI: 10.1002/2013JG002441.

Manies, K.L., J.W. Harden, and T.N. Hollingsworth. 2014, Soils, Vegetation, and Woody Debris Data from the 2001 Survey Line Fire and a Comparable Unburned Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1049. 36 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141049.

 Johnston, C.E. , Ewing, S.A. , Harden, J.W.,  Varner, R.K., Wickland, K.P.,  Koch, J.C.,  Fuller, C.P.,   Manies, K.L.,  Jorgenson, M.T. 2014. Effect of permafrost thaw on CO2 and CH4 exchange in a western Alaska peatland chronosequence. Environmental Research Letters 08/2014; 9(8):085004. DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/085004

 He, Yujie, Zhuang, Quinlai, Harden,J.W.,    McGuire, A.D.,  Fan, Zhaosheng,  Liu,Yaling,,   and Wickland, K.P. 2014. The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis. Biogeosciences 08/2014; DOI:10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014 

Maher,  Kate,  Ibarra, D.E.,  Oster, J.L.  Miller,D.M,   Redwine, J.L., Reheis, M.C., Harden, J.W. 2014. Uranium isotopes in soils as a proxy for past infiltration and precipitation across the western United States 2014.  American Journal of Science 04/2014; 314(4):821-857. DOI:10.2475/04.2014.01 ·

2015

Lawrence, C.R., Harden, J.W., Xu, Xiaomei, Schulz, M.S. Trumbore, S.E., 2015. Long-term controls on soil organic carbon with depth and time: A case study from the Cowlitz River Chronosequence, WA USA, Geoderma 06/2015; 247. DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.02.005 · 

Schuur, E.A.G., McGuire, A.D., Schädel, Grosse, G., Harden, J.W., Hayes, D.J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C.D., Kuhry, P. Lawrence, D.M.,  Natali, S.M., Olefeldt, D.,  Romanovsky, V.E., Schaefer, K.,Turetsky, M.R., Treat, C.C., Vonk, J.E., 2015. Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback. Nature 04/2015; 2015(520):171-179. DOI:10.1038/nature14338 · 

Hultman, Jenni, Waldrop, M.P., Mackelprang, Rachael, David, M.M. McFarland, Jack, Blazewicz, S.J., Harden, Jennifer, Turetsky, M.R., McGuire, A.D., Shah, M.B., VerBerkmoes, N.C., Lee,  L.H.,Mavrommatis, Kostas,  Jansson.J.K., 2015. Multi-omics of permafrost, active layer and thermokarst bog soil microbiomes. Nature 03/2015; DOI:10.1038/nature14238