Improving Our Ability to Forecast Tidal Marsh Response to Sea Level Rise
Our overall objective is to understand what controls the vulnerability of coastal marshes to risks associated with global change drivers and rising sea levels. Fundamental questions pertaining to coastal wetland vulnerability still need to be addressed. What factors explain spatial and geographic variation in tidal wetland vulnerability? How do short term climatic events (storms) influence the longer term response of coastal marshes to sea level rise? What biological processes mediate marsh elevation responses to sedimentation? What processes control wetland transgression into adjacent uplands?Our goal is to provide a process-based framework that enables the development of a spatial model that simulates the dynamics of marsh transgression.
The Challenge: Accelerations in sea-level rise and changing environmental stressors have important implications for the integrity of coastal wetlands and for efforts to restore and protect the ecosystem services they provide. Their persistence and adaptation to these stressors depends on the net effects of changes in physical processes and biotic responses. Future planning by decision makers will require scientifically sound forecasts of potential impacts, knowledge of sea-level rise thresholds, and indications of the potential effectiveness of various adaptation strategies.
The Science: The response of coastal wetland elevation, stability, and ecosystem function to multiple interacting factors is varied and complex. Because it is difficult to predict the response of these ecosystems to the effects of environmental and human stressors, it is critical that we understand the susceptibility of the Nation’s coastal wetlands to projected changes in relative sea level as well as the biological and physical processes driving coastal wetland surface elevation change. In this project, we attempt to explore these issues through the following research questions:
- What are the linkages and feedback effects that control habitat stability of coastal wetlands, specifically how do wetlands maintain surface elevations relative to sea level?
- How do external forcing functions, such as sea-level rise, elevated CO2, and nutrients, interact with these internal processes to affect ecosystem stability?
- Can we develop a predictive capacity to forecast future responses of coastal wetlands to changes in external forcing functions?
The Future: The work conducted in this research program is designed to both test hypotheses and predict the response of coastal wetlands to environmental stressors. To accomplish both of these objectives, data collected from the field research component of this study will be used to develop a modeling framework that incorporates both multivariate hypothesis testing and forecast modeling. This modeling effort will enable us to forecast ecosystem responses to a wide variety of scenarios and provide critical feedback to managers, which will enable them to modify strategies for the sustainable management of coastal wetlands.
Below are publications associated with this project.
Spatio-temporal development of vegetation die-off in a submerging coastal marsh
Balanced sediment fluxes in southern California’s Mediterranean-climate zone salt marshes
Effects of climate change on tidal marshes along a latitudinal gradient in California
Potential effects of sea-level rise on plant productivity: Species-specific responses in northeast Pacific tidal marshes
Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise
Greenhouse gas fluxes from salt marshes exposed to chronic nutrient enrichment
The vulnerability of Indo-Pacific mangrove forests to sea-level rise
Sediment transport-based metrics of wetland stability
Response of plant productivity to experimental flooding in a stable and a submerging marsh
Use of structured decision making to identify monitoring variables and management priorities for salt marsh ecosystems
Temperature sensitivity of organic-matter decay in tidal marshes
The impact of sea-level rise on organic matter decay rates in Chesapeake Bay brackish tidal marshes
Our overall objective is to understand what controls the vulnerability of coastal marshes to risks associated with global change drivers and rising sea levels. Fundamental questions pertaining to coastal wetland vulnerability still need to be addressed. What factors explain spatial and geographic variation in tidal wetland vulnerability? How do short term climatic events (storms) influence the longer term response of coastal marshes to sea level rise? What biological processes mediate marsh elevation responses to sedimentation? What processes control wetland transgression into adjacent uplands?Our goal is to provide a process-based framework that enables the development of a spatial model that simulates the dynamics of marsh transgression.
The Challenge: Accelerations in sea-level rise and changing environmental stressors have important implications for the integrity of coastal wetlands and for efforts to restore and protect the ecosystem services they provide. Their persistence and adaptation to these stressors depends on the net effects of changes in physical processes and biotic responses. Future planning by decision makers will require scientifically sound forecasts of potential impacts, knowledge of sea-level rise thresholds, and indications of the potential effectiveness of various adaptation strategies.
The Science: The response of coastal wetland elevation, stability, and ecosystem function to multiple interacting factors is varied and complex. Because it is difficult to predict the response of these ecosystems to the effects of environmental and human stressors, it is critical that we understand the susceptibility of the Nation’s coastal wetlands to projected changes in relative sea level as well as the biological and physical processes driving coastal wetland surface elevation change. In this project, we attempt to explore these issues through the following research questions:
- What are the linkages and feedback effects that control habitat stability of coastal wetlands, specifically how do wetlands maintain surface elevations relative to sea level?
- How do external forcing functions, such as sea-level rise, elevated CO2, and nutrients, interact with these internal processes to affect ecosystem stability?
- Can we develop a predictive capacity to forecast future responses of coastal wetlands to changes in external forcing functions?
The Future: The work conducted in this research program is designed to both test hypotheses and predict the response of coastal wetlands to environmental stressors. To accomplish both of these objectives, data collected from the field research component of this study will be used to develop a modeling framework that incorporates both multivariate hypothesis testing and forecast modeling. This modeling effort will enable us to forecast ecosystem responses to a wide variety of scenarios and provide critical feedback to managers, which will enable them to modify strategies for the sustainable management of coastal wetlands.
Below are publications associated with this project.