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Images from the National Wildlife Health Center.

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Photomicropgraphs with arrows showing location of lesions.
Photomicrographs from a foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii)
Photomicrographs from a foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii)
Photomicrographs from a foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii)

Photomicrographs from a foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii) found dead in Santa Clara, California, USA. (A) Small areas of epidermal necrosis with apoptotic keratinocytes and nuclear debris are multifocally present (arrow). (B) The liver shows randomly distributed, variably sized areas of coagulative necrosis (*).

Photomicrographs from a foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii) found dead in Santa Clara, California, USA. (A) Small areas of epidermal necrosis with apoptotic keratinocytes and nuclear debris are multifocally present (arrow). (B) The liver shows randomly distributed, variably sized areas of coagulative necrosis (*).

Undersides of two frogs one of which shows organs  inside abdomen.
Images from necropsy of two foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii)
Images from necropsy of two foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii)
Images from necropsy of two foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii)

Two foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) found dead in Santa Clara, California, USA. (A) One animal had pinpoint red foci on the ventral abdomen. (B) Another animal had a diffusely reddened kidney (arrow).

Two foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) found dead in Santa Clara, California, USA. (A) One animal had pinpoint red foci on the ventral abdomen. (B) Another animal had a diffusely reddened kidney (arrow).

Photograph of a muskrat liver with pinpoint white and red foci.
Photograph from a muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) found dead in Ohio, USA
Photograph from a muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) found dead in Ohio, USA
Photograph from a muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) found dead in Ohio, USA

Photograph from a muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) found dead in Ohio, USA. The liver contained disseminated pinpoint to 1-mm diameter white foci (arrows). Tyzzer's disease.

Photographs from a muskrat liver with random areas of hepatocellular necrosis indicated.
Photographs from a muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) liver
Photographs from a muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) liver
Photographs from a muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) liver

Photographs from a muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) found dead in Ohio, USA. (A) Throughout the liver are random areas of hepatocellular necrosis (star). H&E stain. (B) Hepatocytes at the periphery of necrotic areas multifocally contain packets of argyrophilic bacterial rods (arrows). Modified Steiner’s stain.

Photographs from a muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) found dead in Ohio, USA. (A) Throughout the liver are random areas of hepatocellular necrosis (star). H&E stain. (B) Hepatocytes at the periphery of necrotic areas multifocally contain packets of argyrophilic bacterial rods (arrows). Modified Steiner’s stain.

White-tailed deer in snow with forest in background and dried grass in foreground.
White-tailed deer in snow
White-tailed deer in snow
White-tailed deer in snow

A white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a snowy field in front of forest in Wisconsin.

A white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a snowy field in front of forest in Wisconsin.

A sea otter mom nursing her pup. photo taken in Prince William Sound, Alaska
A sea otter mom nursing her pup
A sea otter mom nursing her pup
A sea otter mom nursing her pup

A sea otter mom nursing her pup. Photo taken in Prince William Sound, Alaska. A new born sea otter needs to stay with its mother for six months to learn how to survive on its own. 

A sea otter mom nursing her pup. Photo taken in Prince William Sound, Alaska. A new born sea otter needs to stay with its mother for six months to learn how to survive on its own. 

Lung tissue from a Gyrfalcon
Lung from a captive, adult male, 930-g Gyrfalcon, found dead in WA
Lung from a captive, adult male, 930-g Gyrfalcon, found dead in WA
Lung from a captive, adult male, 930-g Gyrfalcon, found dead in WA

Lung from a captive, adult male, 930-g Gyrfalcon, found dead in Washington, USA.  Lung shows diffuse severe congestion and edema.  

Photographs from a Great-Horned Owl and Eurasian Collared-Dove showing injuries on birds.
Great-Horned Owl and Eurasian Collared-Dove found dead in Utah
Great-Horned Owl and Eurasian Collared-Dove found dead in Utah
Great-Horned Owl and Eurasian Collared-Dove found dead in Utah

Photographs from a Great-Horned Owl and Eurasian Collared-Dove found dead in a residential yard in Utah, U.S. (A) The owl had singeing of the rictal bristles on the right side of the face (inset), swollen right eyelids, and a cloudy and thickened right cornea.

Photographs from a Great-Horned Owl and Eurasian Collared-Dove found dead in a residential yard in Utah, U.S. (A) The owl had singeing of the rictal bristles on the right side of the face (inset), swollen right eyelids, and a cloudy and thickened right cornea.

Photo showing close ups of hemorrhage and necrosis in pink in purple colors.
Photomicrographs from a Great-Horned Owl
Photomicrographs from a Great-Horned Owl
Photomicrographs from a Great-Horned Owl

Photomicrographs from a Great-Horned Owl showing (A) moderate acute hemorrhage in the right atrial epicardium extending into the myocardium and (B) a focally extensive area of coagulative necrosis of the epidermis and dermis (arrow) consistent with an electrical burn.

Photomicrographs from a Great-Horned Owl showing (A) moderate acute hemorrhage in the right atrial epicardium extending into the myocardium and (B) a focally extensive area of coagulative necrosis of the epidermis and dermis (arrow) consistent with an electrical burn.

Photos of histology of snake fungal disease lesions in purple and white.
Histology of snake fungal disease
Histology of snake fungal disease
Histology of snake fungal disease

(A) Underneath the β-layer of the epidermis is an accumulation of hypereosinophilic necrotic debris. The remaining epidermis is extensively ulcerated.

(A) Underneath the β-layer of the epidermis is an accumulation of hypereosinophilic necrotic debris. The remaining epidermis is extensively ulcerated.

Photos of a black racer snake with snake fungal disease on head and body.
Black racer snake with snake fungal disease
Black racer snake with snake fungal disease
Black racer snake with snake fungal disease

Black Racer snake (A) The epidermis over much of the body, but cranially pronounced, has multifocal to coalescing dull white to pale gray foci. (B) Multiple scales around the head are thickened and roughened. (C) Ventrally, there are multiple dull white to grey foci of up to 8 mm size, occasionally with central indentations.  

Black Racer snake (A) The epidermis over much of the body, but cranially pronounced, has multifocal to coalescing dull white to pale gray foci. (B) Multiple scales around the head are thickened and roughened. (C) Ventrally, there are multiple dull white to grey foci of up to 8 mm size, occasionally with central indentations.  

Photomicrographs from a wing roll of a little brown bat showing structures in purple with arrows pointing to features.
Photomicrographs from a wing roll of a little brown bat
Photomicrographs from a wing roll of a little brown bat
Photomicrographs from a wing roll of a little brown bat

Photomicrographs from a wing roll of a little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). PAS. (A) At low magnification, PAS-positive foci are easily detectable. (B) Multifocal cup-shaped ulcers (thick arrow) of the epidermis are scattered over the wing membrane surface. Inflammatory response is lacking.

Photomicrographs from a wing roll of a little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). PAS. (A) At low magnification, PAS-positive foci are easily detectable. (B) Multifocal cup-shaped ulcers (thick arrow) of the epidermis are scattered over the wing membrane surface. Inflammatory response is lacking.

A bat with wings out-stretched and a bats wing under UV light appears blue with orange fluorescence.
Little brown bat with white-nose syndrome lesions
Little brown bat with white-nose syndrome lesions
Little brown bat with white-nose syndrome lesions

Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) from an experimental infection trial with similar gross lesions as observed in this case. (A) Variably sized areas of depigmentation are widely distributed on the patagium. (B) Under UV-light, large areas of the patagium fluoresce orange.

Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) from an experimental infection trial with similar gross lesions as observed in this case. (A) Variably sized areas of depigmentation are widely distributed on the patagium. (B) Under UV-light, large areas of the patagium fluoresce orange.

Map of North America showing locations where white-nose syndrome has been detected.
White-nose syndrome occurrence map - by year (2019)
White-nose syndrome occurrence map - by year (2019)
White-nose syndrome occurrence map - by year (2019)

White-nose syndrome (WNS) has continued to spread rapidly. Bats with white-nose syndrome have been confirmed in 33 states and seven Canadian provinces as of August 2019.

White-nose syndrome (WNS) has continued to spread rapidly. Bats with white-nose syndrome have been confirmed in 33 states and seven Canadian provinces as of August 2019.

Photomicrographs from Zebra Finch and Herring Gull thyroid glands.
Photomicrographs from Zebra Finch and Herring Gull thyroid glands
Photomicrographs from Zebra Finch and Herring Gull thyroid glands
Photomicrographs from Zebra Finch and Herring Gull thyroid glands

(A) Photomicrograph from a Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) from Wisconsin shows a normal thyroid gland for comparison.  Within the thyroid gland there are variably-sized follicles filled lined by cuboidal epithelium (arrowhead) and filled with colloid (*). H&E stain.

(A) Photomicrograph from a Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) from Wisconsin shows a normal thyroid gland for comparison.  Within the thyroid gland there are variably-sized follicles filled lined by cuboidal epithelium (arrowhead) and filled with colloid (*). H&E stain.

Photomicrographs from a Zebra Finch from a California
Photomicrographs from a Zebra Finch from a California
Photomicrographs from a Zebra Finch from a California
Photomicrographs from a Zebra Finch from a California

Photomicrographs from a Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) from a California aviary that was found dead. (A) Numerous yeasts are present in the lumen (*) of the proventriculus. H&E stain. (B)  The yeasts are 2 x 40 um, basophilic, rod-shaped and occur in stacks. H&E stain.

Photomicrographs from a Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) from a California aviary that was found dead. (A) Numerous yeasts are present in the lumen (*) of the proventriculus. H&E stain. (B)  The yeasts are 2 x 40 um, basophilic, rod-shaped and occur in stacks. H&E stain.

Photographs from mourning dove showing green coated milo in crop.
Photographs from a Mourning Dove found dead in Arizona
Photographs from a Mourning Dove found dead in Arizona
Photographs from a Mourning Dove found dead in Arizona

Photographs from a Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) found dead in Arizona, US.  (A) The crop (*) is distended primarily with milo.  (B) A green coating (arrowheads) is evident on the surface of the milo.

Photographs from a Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) found dead in Arizona, US.  (A) The crop (*) is distended primarily with milo.  (B) A green coating (arrowheads) is evident on the surface of the milo.

Scientists wearing masks, suits, and hairnets in lab examining bird.
Scientists perform postmortem examination of double-crested cormorant
Scientists perform postmortem examination of double-crested cormorant
Scientists perform postmortem examination of double-crested cormorant

Wildlife disease experts at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, WI examine a double-crested cormorant while wearing full biosafety gear.  The postmortem examination, also known as a necropsy, gives the scientists clues to what may have caused the animal to die.  Examination of wild birds is important to detect pathogens that could imp

Wildlife disease experts at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, WI examine a double-crested cormorant while wearing full biosafety gear.  The postmortem examination, also known as a necropsy, gives the scientists clues to what may have caused the animal to die.  Examination of wild birds is important to detect pathogens that could imp

Photographs from Canada Goose and two Bald Eagles with lead poisoning
Photographs from Canada Goose and two Bald Eagles with lead poisoning
Photographs from Canada Goose and two Bald Eagles with lead poisoning
Photographs from Canada Goose and two Bald Eagles with lead poisoning

Photographs (A &B) from a Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) found dead in Minnesota, US.  (A) The esophagus is dilated and impacted with a large amount of duckweed (arrows).  (B) Forty #9 lead pellets are recovered from the ventriculus.  (C) Photograph from a Bald Eagle

Photographs (A &B) from a Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) found dead in Minnesota, US.  (A) The esophagus is dilated and impacted with a large amount of duckweed (arrows).  (B) Forty #9 lead pellets are recovered from the ventriculus.  (C) Photograph from a Bald Eagle

Photographs of the heart and liver from a Ross's Goose.
Photographs of the heart and liver of a Ross's Goose
Photographs of the heart and liver of a Ross's Goose
Photographs of the heart and liver of a Ross's Goose

Photographs from a Ross’s Goose (Chen rossii) found dead in Kansas, US.  (A) Petechial hemorrhages along the coronary groove of the epicardium (arrowheads) and military pinpoint tan foci on the capsular surface of the liver (arrows).  (B) Abundant creamy stringy yellow mucoid material (*) fills the lumen of the intestine.

Photographs from a Ross’s Goose (Chen rossii) found dead in Kansas, US.  (A) Petechial hemorrhages along the coronary groove of the epicardium (arrowheads) and military pinpoint tan foci on the capsular surface of the liver (arrows).  (B) Abundant creamy stringy yellow mucoid material (*) fills the lumen of the intestine.

Photomicrographs from a Ross’s Goose. Features are purple and pink.
Photomicrographs from a Ross’s Goose
Photomicrographs from a Ross’s Goose
Photomicrographs from a Ross’s Goose

Photomicrographs from a Ross’s Goose (Chen rossii) found dead in Kansas, US.  (A) Multifocally, there are hemorrhages (arrowheads) admixed with bacteria (arrows) in the adipose tissue along the coronary groove of the heart.  H&E stain.  (B) Necrotic hepatocytes (*) and bacteria (arrows) are present in the liver.  H&E stain. 

Photomicrographs from a Ross’s Goose (Chen rossii) found dead in Kansas, US.  (A) Multifocally, there are hemorrhages (arrowheads) admixed with bacteria (arrows) in the adipose tissue along the coronary groove of the heart.  H&E stain.  (B) Necrotic hepatocytes (*) and bacteria (arrows) are present in the liver.  H&E stain. 

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