Images

Episode 43 at the summit of Kīlauea was comparable in size to episodes 41 and 42, but due to light winds it produced tephra fallout similar to but not as great as episode 41.

This photo shows the base of the north fountain, during episode 43 at the summit of Kīlauea. Lava falls around the vent and then pours into a series of lava channels that transport lava towards the east end of the crater. USGS photo by M. Patrick.

On March 10, 2026, lava fountains erupted from two main vents within Halema‘uma‘u crater. During the ongoing episodic Kīlauea summit eruption, which began on December 23, 2024. There have been 43 episodes so far. USGS photo taken by L. DeSmither from Keanakāko‘i.

Episode 43, which began at 9:17 a.m. HST on March 10, erupted for just over 9 hours before pausing again at 6:21 p.m. This panoramic view of episode 43 lava flows on Halema‘uma‘u crater floor was taken a few minutes after the fountaining stopped. USGS photo taken by L. DeSmither near Keanakāko‘i on the southeast rim of the caldera.

Microscopic images of Pele's hair and ash deposited in Hilo during Kīlauea's episode 43 fountains on March 10, 2026. The area in the center shows a bubble wall that was cooled and preserved. UHH/USGS photo by L. Gallant.

Episode 43 of Kīlauea's ongoing summit eruption started at 9:17 a.m. H.S.T. on March 11, 2026. This photo was taken at noon from the Footprints Trail looking east. This site is nearly 6 miles (9 miles) from north and south vents. The fountain from south vent is clearly visible, along with towering volcanic plume.

Episode 43 of Kīlauea's ongoing eruption occurred on March 10, 2026. This photo is taken on the Mauna Loa Road within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, looking northwest. This photo shows the edge of the episode 43 tephra deposit.

Episode 43 of the ongoing Kīlauea summit eruption occurred on March 10. Lava fountains from the north and south vents on the western side of Halema‘uma‘u crater floor produced a large eruption plume of volcanic gases and rock fragments (tephra).

Kīlauea has erupting episodically within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park since December 23, 2024. While lava flows are contained to the caldera, tephra fallout from the lava fountains can affect communities downwind. Tephra is any material erupted from a volcano that travels through the air and it includes volcanic ash, Pele's hair, and other larger tephra

This reference map depicts the Kīlauea summit eruption within Halema‘uma‘u crater that began on December 23, 2024. As of this posting on March 2, 2026, the eruption has had forty-two episodes, with the most recent occurring on February 15.

View of the Zapotitán valley and surrounding volcanic vents in western El Salvador, looking out from the northwest flank of San Salvador volcano on vents from the 1917 effusive eruption. Izalco is the conical volcano near the left edge of the horizon, formed by near-continuous eruptions from 1770 to 1958.

Despite hazy conditions on Thursday, February 26, the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory monitoring overflight crew had clear views of the Kīlauea summit eruptive vents during a low pass over western Halema‘uma‘u crater. No lava or incandescence was visible in either the north (lower-right) or south (upper-left) vent. USGS photo by M. Zoeller.

A USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologist collects a cooled lava sample from the front of the episode 42 lava flow on Halema‘uma‘u crater floor at Kīlauea summit. The chemistry of these lava samples is analyzed to better understand the magmatic plumbing system and inform our understanding of eruptive hazards. USGS photo by M. Patrick.

These thermal maps at the summit of Kīlauea show the crater floor after episodes 41 and 42. Episode 41 produced a lava flow that covered much of the eastern crater floor, while episode 42 produced flows that stopped short of reaching the eastern edge of the crater floor. 

USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) geologists on a routine KILAUEA summit monitoring helicopter overflight on Thursday, February 26, collected visual and thermal images to map out the changes on the crater floor following episode 42 lava fountaining at KILAUEA summit that took place on February 15, 2026.

On Thursday, February 26, USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists completed a monitoring helicopter overflight of Halema‘uma‘u crater at the summit of Kīlauea.

At the end of their Kīlauea summit overflight on Thursday, February 26, two USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologists were dropped off on the floor of Halema‘uma‘u crater to sample lava from summit eruption episode 42 on February 15.

Graphs of ground deformation and earthquake data spanning three eruptions at Mauna Loa.

On February 26, 2026, USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory staff visited and serviced the V3 livestreaming camera on the south rim of Halemaʻumaʻu crater, at the summit of Kīlauea. USGS photo by M. Patrick. 

This map shows lava flow and tephra accumulation at the summit of Kīlauea volcano associated with episode 42 of the ongoing eruption in Halemaʻumaʻu that started on December 23, 2024, using data recorded by the Italian Space Agency's (ASI) COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation satellite constellation.

Long strands of Pele's hair, which is made of volcanic glass, drifted on the wind to the southwest during episode 42 of Kīlauea summit lava fountaining on February 15, 2026. This photo shows a bundle of these long strands of Pele's hair after they had blown around in the wind in the community of Pāhala and became tangled up. USGS photo by D. Downs.