Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Book Chapters

Browse more than 5,500 book chapters authored by our scientists over the past 100+ year history of the USGS and refine search by topic, location, year, and advanced search.

Filter Total Items: 6173

Generalisation operators Generalisation operators

This chapter summarises cartographic generalisation operators used to generalise geospatial data. It includes a review of recent approaches that have been tested or implemented to generalise networks, points, or groups. Emphasis is placed on recent advances that permit additional flexibility to tailor generalisation processing in particular geographic contexts, and to permit more...
Authors
Larry V. Stanislawski, Barbara P. Buttenfield, Pia Bereuter, Sandro Savino, Cynthia A. Brewer

The role of infectious disease in marine communities The role of infectious disease in marine communities

Marine ecologists recognize that infectious diseases play and important role in ocean ecosystems. This role may have increased in some host taxa over time (Ward and Lafferty 2004). We begin this chapter by introducing infectious agents and their relationships with their hosts in marine systems. We then put infectious disease agents with their hosts in marine systems. We then put...
Authors
Kevin D. Lafferty, C. Drew Harvell

Distribution of soil organic carbon in the conterminous United States Distribution of soil organic carbon in the conterminous United States

The U.S. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database provides detailed soil mapping for most of the conterminous United States (CONUS). These data have been used to formulate estimates of soil carbon stocks, and have been useful for environmental models, including plant productivity models, hydrologic models, and ecological models for studies of greenhouse gas exchange. The data were...
Authors
Norman B. Bliss, Sharon Waltman, Larry T. West, Anne Neale, Megan Mehaffey

Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA

May 18, 1980. Sunrise and a crystal-clear morning. Mount St. Helens was a beautiful, peaceful, snow-capped mountain surrounded by pristine forests and lakes(Fig. 15.1). Yes, it was known to be spitting ash and shaking, but it was still fundamentally the same Mount St. Helens that had for decades been a favorite camping and fishing destination of local residents. At 8:32 a.m. Mount St...
Authors
Chris Newhall, Peter Frenzen, Carolyn L. Mastin

The geobiology of sediment-hosted mineral deposits The geobiology of sediment-hosted mineral deposits

The role of biological processes in the formation of sediment-hosted ore deposits has long been recognized. In this review, we focus on the biogeochemical cycling of C, Mn, Fe, and S as they relate to the formation of sediment-hosted Mn and Fe deposits, metalliferous black shales, clastic-dominated (CD) Pb-Zn deposits, and phosphorites. Biological mediation of ore-forming processes...
Authors
Clint Scott, Karen D. Kelley, John F. Slack

1.13 – Emerging contaminants 1.13 – Emerging contaminants

Since the Industrial Revolution, a diversity of large-scale chemical innovations has impacted aquatic systems in urban environments. Beginning in the 1990s, there has been a growing scientific interest and public awareness of the effects of the chemicals used in domestic, commercial, industrial, and agricultural applications, referred to in this article as ‘emerging contaminants’ (ECs)...
Authors
Larry B. Barber

13.3 – Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits 13.3 – Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits

In this chapter, the intent is to summarize the results of traditional stable isotope studies (mainly H, B, O, C, and S) that have greatly contributed to the understanding of ore-forming processes over the last 60 years and to provide an up-to-date assessment of the application of new nontraditional isotope systems (Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Hg, and Tl).
Authors
W.C. Pat Shanks
Was this page helpful?