Jon Major

Science and Products

• Science
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  October 25, 2013

  Dam removal: synthesis of ecological and physical responses

  Dam decommissioning is rapidly emerging as an important river restoration strategy in the U.S., with several major removals recently completed or in progress. But few studies have evaluated the far-reaching consequences of these significant environmental perturbations, especially those resulting from removals of large (>10-15 m tall) structures during the last decade. In particular, interactions b

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  John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis

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  October 25, 2013

  Dam removal: synthesis of ecological and physical responses

  Dam decommissioning is rapidly emerging as an important river restoration strategy in the U.S., with several major removals recently completed or in progress. But few studies have evaluated the far-reaching consequences of these significant environmental perturbations, especially those resulting from removals of large (>10-15 m tall) structures during the last decade. In particular, interactions b

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• Publications

  My research publications can be parsed among various disciplinary studies. A full listing can be found on my Google Scholar profile (search for this via your web browser) and under the publications tab listing below. Publication topics include:

  - Landslides, debris flows, and slurry rheology

  - Volcanic eruptions and volcaniclastic processes (lahars, pyroclastic flows)

  - Hydrogeomorphic responses to eruptions

  - Geomorphic and ecologic responses to dam removals

  - Photogrammetric analyses of eruptive processes

   

  Filter Total Items: 96

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  Year2022202120202019201820172016201520142013201220112010200920082007200620052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

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  March 18, 2021

  Lava effusion rate evolution and erupted volume during the 2018 Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone eruption

  The 2018 eruption on the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea Volcano produced one of the largest and most destructive lava flows in Hawai’i during the past 200 years. Over the course of more than 3 months, twenty-four fissures erupted, and the rate of lava effusion varied by two orders of magnitude, with significant implications for evolving flow behavior and hazards. Syn-eruptive data were collected

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  Volcano Hazards, Volcano Science Center

  January 22, 2021

  Experimental studies of deposition by debris flows: Process, characteristics of deposits, and effects of pore-fluid pressure

  No abstract available. 

  December 9, 2020

  Effective hydrological events in an evolving mid‐latitude mountain river system following cataclysmic disturbance—A saga of multiple influences

  Cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens (USA) in 1980 reset 30 km of upper North Fork Toutle River (NFTR) valley to a zero‐state fluvial condition. Consequently, a new channel system evolved. Initially, a range of streamflows eroded channels (tens of meters incision, hundreds of meters widening) and transported immense sediment loads. Now, single, large‐magnitude or multiple moderate‐magnitude ev

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  Volcano Hazards, Volcano Science Center

  May 18, 2020

  Ten ways Mount St. Helens changed our world—The enduring legacy of the 1980 eruption

  Mount St. Helens was once enjoyed for its serene beauty and was considered one of America’s most majestic volcanoes because of its perfect cone shape, similar to Japan’s beloved Mount Fuji. Nearby residents assumed that the mountain was solid and enduring. That perception changed during the early spring of 1980. Then, on May 18, 1980, following 2 months of earthquakes and small explosions, the vol

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  Natural Hazards, Volcano Hazards, Volcano Science Center

  May 15, 2020

  Mount St. Helens at 40

  No abstract available. 

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  Volcano Hazards, Volcano Science Center

  April 24, 2020

  Lessons from a post-eruption landscape

  From March to May 1980, magma rose high into Mount St. Helens (MSH), swelling and—as it turned out—destabilizing its north flank. Scientists knew the volcano had been highly active at times over the past 40,000 years, but the mountain, located amid the Cascade Range in southwestern Washington, had been mostly quiet since the mid-19th century. The collapse of the north flank on 18 May shattered tha

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  Volcano Hazards, Volcano Science Center

  April 10, 2020

  A multidecade analysis of fluvial geomorphic evolution of the Spirit Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington

  Volcanic eruptions can affect landscapes in many ways and consequently alter erosion and the fluxes of water and sediment. Hydrologic and geomorphic responses to volcanic disturbances are varied in both space and time, and, in some instances, can persist for decades to centuries. Understanding the broad context of how landscapes respond to eruptions can help inform how they may evolve, and therefo

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  Volcano Hazards, Volcano Science Center

  April 10, 2020

  A multidecade analysis of fluvial geomorphic evolution of the Spirit Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington

  Volcanic eruptions can affect landscapes in many ways and consequently alter erosion and the fluxes of water and sediment. Hydrologic and geomorphic responses to volcanic disturbances are varied in both space and time, and, in some instances, can persist for decades to centuries. Understanding the broad context of how landscapes respond to eruptions can help inform how they may evolve, and therefo

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  Volcano Hazards, Volcano Science Center

  November 18, 2019

  Field trip guide to Mount St. Helens, Washington—Recent and ancient volcaniclastic processes and deposits

  This field guide explores volcanic effusions, sediments, and landforms at Mount St. Helens in Washington. A detailed synopsis outlines the eruptive history of Mount St. Helens from about 300,000 years ago through 1980 and beyond.The five days in the field include about 28 stops and 12 potential stops. Exposures in valleys surrounding Mount St. Helens reveal records of diverse Pleistocene and Holoc

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  Volcano Hazards, Volcano Science Center

  July 1, 2019

  Toutle River debris flows initiated by atmospheric rivers: November 2006

  In early November, 2006, an atmospheric river brought heavy rainfall and high freezing levels to the Pacific Northwest. Without snowpack to buffer the hydrologic response, the storm caused widespread landslides and debris flows in drainages sourced from every central Cascades volcano. At Mount St. Helens, in southwestern Washington State, intense rainfall in the crater of the volcano caused at lea

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  Volcano Hazards, Volcano Science Center

  April 8, 2019

  Multidecadal geomorphic evolution of a profoundly disturbed gravel-bed river system—a complex, nonlinear response and its impact on sediment delivery

  A 2.5-km3 debris avalanche during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens reset the fluvial landscape of upper North Fork Toutle River valley. Since then, a new drainage network has formed and evolved. Cross-section surveys repeated over nearly 40 years at 16 locations along a 20-km reach of river valley document channel evolution, geomorphic processes, and their impacts on sediment delivery. We ana

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  Volcano Hazards, Volcano Science Center

  January 1, 2019

  Conceptualizing ecological responses to dam removal: If you remove it, what's to come?

  One of the desired outcomes of dam decommissioning and removal is the recovery of aquatic and riparian ecosystems. To investigate this common objective, we synthesized information from empirical studies and ecological theory into conceptual models that depict key physical and biological links driving ecological responses to removing dams. We define models for three distinct spatial domains: upstre

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  Ecosystems, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Fisheries Program, Arizona Water Science Center, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Fort Collins Science Center, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Oregon Water Science Center, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Western Fisheries Research Center
• News
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  January 17, 2021

  January 17, 2021 Mount Hood Earthquake Swarm

  An earthquake swarm at Mount Hood is ongoing. The earthquakes are associated with regional faulting and are not a sign of changes in volcanic activity...

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  September 28, 2017

  Volcano Watch — Legacy of the Mount St. Helens 1980 eruption still defies perfect solution

  Thirty-seven years after the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, scientists, engineers, land managers, and Federal, State, and...

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