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Book Chapters

Browse more than 5,500 book chapters authored by our scientists over the past 100+ year history of the USGS and refine search by topic, location, year, and advanced search.

Filter Total Items: 6158

Transport of microorganisms in the terrestrial subsurface: In situ and laboratory methods Transport of microorganisms in the terrestrial subsurface: In situ and laboratory methods

This chapter describes and discusses laboratory and field techniques for studying microbial transport behavior in aquifer materials and model porous media. Changes in ionic strength (I) during transport studies may occur inadvertently as a result of using halides as conservative tracers and may lead to density-induced sinking of the tracer cloud. Substantive increases in I as a result of...
Authors
Ronald W. Harvey, Hauke Harms, Lee L. Landkamer

Biogeochemistry of aquifer systems Biogeochemistry of aquifer systems

Many studies have examined the differences in bacterial numbers, composition, and activity between groundwater and sediment samples. The majority of the literature has suggested higher percentages of attached bacteria than of unattached bacteria in aquifer systems, including in pristine aquifers and in aquifers contaminated with petroleum, creosote, sewage, and landfill leachate. In...
Authors
Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, J.V. Weiss

Integrated multi‐scale characterization of ground‐water flow and chemical transport in fractured crystalline rock at the Mirror Lake Site, New Hampshire Integrated multi‐scale characterization of ground‐water flow and chemical transport in fractured crystalline rock at the Mirror Lake Site, New Hampshire

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Mirror Lake Site Fractures and Geologic Mapping Hydraulic Properties of Fractured Rock From Meters to Kilometers Chemical Migration in Fractured Rock Fracture Controls on Ground‐Water Flow and Chemical Transport at the Mirror Lake Site Summary
Authors
Allen M. Shapiro, Paul A. Hsieh, William C. Burton, Gregory J. Walsh

Analytical volcano deformation source models Analytical volcano deformation source models

Primary volcanic landforms are created by the ascent and eruption of magma. The ascending magma displaces and interacts with surrounding rock and fluids as it creates new pathways, flows through cracks or conduits, vesiculates, and accumulates in underground reservoirs. The formation of new pathways and pressure changes within existing conduits and reservoirs stress and deform the...
Authors
Michael Lisowski

Aspergillosis Aspergillosis

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Synonyms History Distribution Host Range Etiology Epizootiology Clinical Signs Pathogenesis and Pathology Diagnosis Immunity Public Health Concerns Domestic Animal Health Concerns Wildlife Population Impacts Treatment and Control Unpublished Data Literature Cited
Authors
Kathryn A. Converse

Assessment of Alternative Substrates for Culturing Lumbriculus variegatus Assessment of Alternative Substrates for Culturing Lumbriculus variegatus

The freshwater oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, is tank-cultured to provide organisms for aquatic-habitat assessments, regeneration research and as a clean source of live food for aquarium fishes. Shredded paper is the typical substrate in cultures used to rear L. variegatus for these purposes. However, the effort needed to separate large numbers from decomposing paper can be...
Authors
P. J. Lasier
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