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Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program images.

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Photograph showing bluff erosion during the 2009-10 El Nino, undermining the Great Hwy guardrail at Ocean Beach, San Francisco.
Bluff Erosion From El Nino (2009-2010)
Bluff Erosion From El Nino (2009-2010)
Bluff Erosion From El Nino (2009-2010)

Bluff erosion during the 2009–10 El Niño undermined the Great Highway guardrail at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California. The shoreline eroded, on average, 55 meters that winter, leading to lane closures on the highway and an emergency \$5-million revetment along the base of this bluff.

Bluff erosion during the 2009–10 El Niño undermined the Great Highway guardrail at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California. The shoreline eroded, on average, 55 meters that winter, leading to lane closures on the highway and an emergency \$5-million revetment along the base of this bluff.

Map of the North American - Caribbean tectonic plate boundary
Map of the North American - Caribbean tectonic plate boundary
Map of the North American - Caribbean tectonic plate boundary
Map of the North American - Caribbean tectonic plate boundary

Map of the North American - Caribbean tectonic plate boundary. Colors denote depth below sea level and elevation on land. Bold numbers are the years of moderately large (larger than about M7) historical earthquakes written next to their approximate location. Asterisk - Location of the January 12, 2010 earthquake.

Map of the North American - Caribbean tectonic plate boundary. Colors denote depth below sea level and elevation on land. Bold numbers are the years of moderately large (larger than about M7) historical earthquakes written next to their approximate location. Asterisk - Location of the January 12, 2010 earthquake.

Photograph of bluff erosion in 2010 undermining the Great Highway at the southern end of Ocean Beach, San Francisco.
Bluff Erosion From El Nino 2010
Bluff Erosion From El Nino 2010
Bluff Erosion From El Nino 2010

Bluff erosion during the 2009–10 El Niño undermined the Great Highway guardrail at the southern end of Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California. The shoreline eroded, on average, 55 meters that winter, leading to lane closures on the highway and an emergency \$5-million revetment along the base of this bluff. Photo taken by Jeff Hansen, USGS, 20 January 2010.

Bluff erosion during the 2009–10 El Niño undermined the Great Highway guardrail at the southern end of Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California. The shoreline eroded, on average, 55 meters that winter, leading to lane closures on the highway and an emergency \$5-million revetment along the base of this bluff. Photo taken by Jeff Hansen, USGS, 20 January 2010.

A highway guardrail's posts hang exposed over a tall, eroded, dropoff to the ocean water.
Severe Coastal Erosion During an El Niño Storm
Severe Coastal Erosion During an El Niño Storm
Severe Coastal Erosion During an El Niño Storm

Severe bluff erosion, along the southern end of Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California, including damage to the guard rail of the Great Highway (Calif. Hwy.1). The severe winter erosion led to lane closures of the highway and an emergency, $5 million revetment along the base of this bluff.

Severe bluff erosion, along the southern end of Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California, including damage to the guard rail of the Great Highway (Calif. Hwy.1). The severe winter erosion led to lane closures of the highway and an emergency, $5 million revetment along the base of this bluff.

People stand along an eroding beach-front cliff.
Ocean Beach in San Francisco
Ocean Beach in San Francisco
Ocean Beach in San Francisco

Severe coastal bluff erosion, along the southern end of Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California. This storm damage occurred during the 2009-2010 El Niño, which, on average, eroded the shoreline 55 meters that winter.

Severe coastal bluff erosion, along the southern end of Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California. This storm damage occurred during the 2009-2010 El Niño, which, on average, eroded the shoreline 55 meters that winter.

 Canadian Coast Guard Ship Louis S. St. Laurent alongside U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy in the Arctic Ocean
Canadian and U.S. Coast Guard Ships
Canadian and U.S. Coast Guard Ships
Canadian and U.S. Coast Guard Ships

Canadian Coast Guard Ship Louis S. St. Laurent alongside U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy in the Arctic Ocean. The United States and Canada are mapping the Arctic seafloor and gathering data to help define the outer limits of the continental shelf in this region. 

Canadian Coast Guard Ship Louis S. St. Laurent alongside U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy in the Arctic Ocean. The United States and Canada are mapping the Arctic seafloor and gathering data to help define the outer limits of the continental shelf in this region. 

An instrument being deployed from a research vessel on the ocean under a blue sky
Vibracore system deployed from the R/V Gilbert
Vibracore system deployed from the R/V Gilbert
Vibracore system deployed from the R/V Gilbert

Rossfelder electric vibracore system deployed from the R/V Gilbert. 

From Vibracore, Radiocarbon, Microfossil, and Grain-Size Data from Apalachicola Bay, Florida, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1031

Rossfelder electric vibracore system deployed from the R/V Gilbert. 

From Vibracore, Radiocarbon, Microfossil, and Grain-Size Data from Apalachicola Bay, Florida, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1031

Three scientists operate a vibrating core barrel on a sandy beach near the water.
Collecting terrestrial vibracores on barrier islands
Collecting terrestrial vibracores on barrier islands
Collecting terrestrial vibracores on barrier islands

We collect terrestrial (barrier island) and marine (nearshore and estuarine) sediment cores to ground-truth geophysical observations. These cores are used to understand the history of barrier island formation and erosion.

We collect terrestrial (barrier island) and marine (nearshore and estuarine) sediment cores to ground-truth geophysical observations. These cores are used to understand the history of barrier island formation and erosion.

U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy breaks ice ahead of the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Louis S. St-Laurent on September 1, 2009.
U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy breaks ice
U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy breaks ice
U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy breaks ice

 U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy breaks ice ahead of the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Louis S. St-Laurent on September 1, 2009. The two ships were part of a multi-year, multi-agency Arctic survey that will help define the North American continental shelf.

 U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy breaks ice ahead of the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Louis S. St-Laurent on September 1, 2009. The two ships were part of a multi-year, multi-agency Arctic survey that will help define the North American continental shelf.

Photograph of methane seep
Photograph of methane seep
Photograph of methane seep
Photograph of methane seep

A methane seep in shallow Lake Qalluuraq on the Alaskan North Slope near the Native Village of Atqasuk breaks the water's surface during 2009 geophysical surveys

A methane seep in shallow Lake Qalluuraq on the Alaskan North Slope near the Native Village of Atqasuk breaks the water's surface during 2009 geophysical surveys

Small silver metal boat with USGS lettering on the side, water is splashing up on the side and a small wake is formed.
PCMSC research vessel Parke Snavely
PCMSC research vessel Parke Snavely
PCMSC research vessel Parke Snavely

The USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, located in Santa Cruz, California, owns and operates the research vessel R/V Parke Snavely to collect data and run surveys.

The USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, located in Santa Cruz, California, owns and operates the research vessel R/V Parke Snavely to collect data and run surveys.

Yellow seafloor surface overlain on a sub-bottom profile shows holes in the seafloor, with labels
3D view of a seismic profile draped under bathymetry
3D view of a seismic profile draped under bathymetry
3D view of a seismic profile draped under bathymetry

A sub-bottom profile of CHIRP seismic data is draped over swath bathymetry showing the Gulf of Maine pockmark field stratigraphy common to the area. Seafloor mapping combined with sub-bottom geologic profiles shows that Holocene mud ranges in thickness between 5 and 10 meters but pockmarks in Belfast Bay do not penetrate below the geologic unconformity. Th

A sub-bottom profile of CHIRP seismic data is draped over swath bathymetry showing the Gulf of Maine pockmark field stratigraphy common to the area. Seafloor mapping combined with sub-bottom geologic profiles shows that Holocene mud ranges in thickness between 5 and 10 meters but pockmarks in Belfast Bay do not penetrate below the geologic unconformity. Th

Image: Tsunami Recovery in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa

Aluminum roofs and debris transported behind the village of Tula on the east shore of American Samoa following the Tsunami that hit the island on Sept. 29, 2009. The tsunami runup was 16-26 feet in Tula.

Aluminum roofs and debris transported behind the village of Tula on the east shore of American Samoa following the Tsunami that hit the island on Sept. 29, 2009. The tsunami runup was 16-26 feet in Tula.

Image: Tsunami Recovery in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa

Tsunami sand deposit at Alao, American Samoa following the tsunami on Sept. 29, 2009. Light colored sand deposited during the tsunami overlies darker soil that was there before the tsunami.

Tsunami sand deposit at Alao, American Samoa following the tsunami on Sept. 29, 2009. Light colored sand deposited during the tsunami overlies darker soil that was there before the tsunami.

Image: Tsunami Recovery in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa

Tsunami flow depth indicator at Fagasa, American Samoa following the tsunami that hit the island on Sept. 29, 2009. Vegetation is brown where it was submerged by the tsunami and green above.

Tsunami flow depth indicator at Fagasa, American Samoa following the tsunami that hit the island on Sept. 29, 2009. Vegetation is brown where it was submerged by the tsunami and green above.

Image: Tsunami Recovery in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa
Tsunami Study in American Samoa

Car thrown into building in Pago Pago, American Samoa during the tsunami that struck the island on Sept. 29, 2009.

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