Elliott Barnhart
Biography
Dr. Elliott Barnhart is a research hydrologist (microbiologist) at the Wyoming Montana Water Science Center in Helena, Montana. His research focuses on using new DNA technology to better understand ecological processes, promote energy development and examine environmental issues. His research specifically focuses on (1) understanding how microorganisms turn coal to natural gas underground, (2) developing and testing new DNA sampling and analytical equipment, and (3) investigating the prevalence of microorganisms, pathogens and invasive species in different ecosystems.
Science and Products
Environmental DNA (eDNA): Combining Technology and Biology to Detect Aquatic Invasive Species and Pathogens
Using DNA, USGS researchers are able to detect the presence of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems. The DNA they use is literally floating around in the environment and is called environmental DNA (eDNA) and is a powerful tool for the early detection of invasive species and pathogens, which can cause serious ecological and economic damage. USGS researchers are also combining the use of eDNA...
Using Robots in the River: Biosurveillance at USGS streamgages
For more than a decade, researchers around the world have shown that sampling a water body and analyzing for DNA (a method known as eDNA) is an effective method to detect an organism in the water. The challenge is that finding organisms that are not very abundant requires a lot of samples to locate this needle in a haystack. Enter the "lab in a can", the water quality sampling and processing...
Assessment of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Teton County Hot Springs
In 2018, a team from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center (WY-MT WSC), in cooperation with the Teton Conservation District (TCD), initiated a small study to document the presence or absence of the pathogen Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri) in two popular hot springs in Teton County.
Microbial Methanogenesis and Strategies for Enhancements
Microbial (biogenic) natural gas is present in shale, coal and petroleum reservoirs and is estimated to account for 20% of the world’s natural gas resources. We provide hydrological, geochemical and microbial information related to the production of biogenic natural gas and new methods to monitor and enhance the production of this energy resource. Generating microbial methane at a faster rate...
Effect of temperature, nitrate concentration, pH and bicarbonate addition on biomass and lipid accumulation in the sporulating green alga PW95
The mixed effects of temperature (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C), nitrate concentration (0.5 mM and 2.0 mM), pH buffer, and bicarbonate addition (trigger) on biomass growth and lipid accumulation were investigated in the environmental alga PW95 during batch experiments in standardized growth medium. PW95 was isolated from coal-...
Corredor, Luisa; Barnhart, Elliott; Parker, Albert E.; Gerlach, Robin; Fields, Matthew W. Robotic environmental DNA bio-surveillance of freshwater health
Autonomous water sampling technologies may help to overcome the human resource challenges of monitoring biological threats to rivers over long time periods and large geographic areas. The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute has pioneered a robotic Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) that overcomes some of the constraints associated with...
Sepulveda, Adam J.; Birch, Jim M.; Barnhart, Elliott; Merkes, Christopher M.; Yamahara, Kevan; Marin, Roman III; Kinsey, Stacy; Wright, Peter R.; Schmidt, Christian Repetitive sampling and control threshold improve 16S rRNA results from produced waters associated with hydraulically fractured shales
Sequencing microbial DNA from deep subsurface environments is complicated by a number of issues ranging from contamination to non-reproducible results. Many samples obtained from these environments - which are of great interest due to the potential to stimulate microbial methane generation - contain low biomass. Therefore, samples from these...
Shelton, Jenna L.; Barnhart, Elliott; Ruppert, Leslie F.; Jubb, Aaron M.; Blondes, Madalyn S.; DeVera, Christina A. Coal biomethanation potential of various ranks from Pakistan: A possible alternative energy source
The present study investigated the possibility of microbial transformations of coal to gas (biogasification) as an alternative to conventional coal mining because this approach has the potential to be less expensive, cleaner, and providinge greater access to deeper coal resources. Biogasification is often associated with low rank coal such as...
Malik, Aneela Y.; Ishtiaq Ali, Muhammad ; Jamal, Asif; Farooq, Uzma; Khatoon, Nazia; Orem, William H.; Barnhart, Elliott P.; SanFilipo, John R.; He, Huan; Huang, Zaixing Biogenic coal-to-methane conversion can be enhanced with small additions of algal amendment in field-relevant upflow column reactors
ubsurface coal environments, where biogenic coal-to-methane conversion occurs, are difficult to access, resulting in inherent challenges and expenses for in situexperiments. Previous batch reactor studies provided insights into specific processes, pathways, kinetics, and engineering strategies, but field-relevance is restricted due to limited...
Davis, Katherine J.; Platt, George A.; Barnhart, Elliott; Hiebart, Randy; Hyatt, Robert; Fields, Matthew W.; Gerlach, Robin Changes in microbial communities and associated water and gas geochemistry across a sulfate gradient in coal beds: Powder River Basin, USA
Competition between microbial sulfate reduction and methanogenesis drives cycling of fossil carbon and generation of CH4 in sedimentary basins. However, little is understood about the fundamental relationship between subsurface aqueous geochemistry and microbiology that drives these processes. Here...
Schweitzer, Hannah; Ritter, Daniel; McIntosh, Jennifer; Barnhart, Elliott; Cunningham, Alfred B.; Vinson, David; Orem, William H.; Fields, Matthew W. Biogenic coal-to-methane conversion efficiency decreases after repeated organic amendment
Addition of organic amendments to coal-containing systems can increase the rate and extent of biogenic methane production for 60–80 days before production slows or stops. Understanding the effect of repeated amendment additions on the rate and extent of enhanced coal-dependent methane production is important if biological coal-to-methane...
Davis, Katherine J.; Barnhart, Elliott P.; Fields, Matthew W.; Gerlach, Robin Type and amount of organic amendments affect enhanced biogenic methane production from coal and microbial community structure
Slow rates of coal-to-methane conversion limit biogenic methane production from coalbeds. This study demonstrates that rates of coal-to-methane conversion can be increased by the addition of small amounts of organic amendments. Algae, cyanobacteria, yeast cells, and granulated yeast extract were tested at two concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 g/L...
Davis, Katherine J.; Lu, Shipeng; Barnhart, Elliott P.; Parker, Albert E.; Fields, Matthew W.; Gerlach, Robin Enhanced coal-dependent methanogenesis coupled with algal biofuels: Potential water recycle and carbon capture
Many coal beds contain microbial communities that can convert coal to natural gas (coalbed methane). Native microorganisms were obtained from Powder River Basin (PRB) coal seams with a diffusive microbial sampler placed downhole and used as an inoculum for enrichments with different nutrients to investigate microbially-enhanced coalbed methane...
Barnhart, Elliott P.; Davis, Katherine J.; Varonka, Matthew S.; Orem, William H.; Cunningham, Alfred B.; Ramsay, Bradley D.; Fields, Matthew W. Cultivation of a native alga for biomass and biofuel accumulation in coal bed methane production water
Coal bed methane (CBM) production has resulted in thousands of ponds in the Powder River Basin of low-quality water in a water-challenged region. A green alga isolate, PW95, was isolated from a CBM production pond, and analysis of a partial ribosomal gene sequence indicated the isolate belongs to the Chlorococcaceae family. Different combinations...
Hodgskiss, Logan H.; Nagy, Justin; Barnhart, Elliott P.; Cunningham, Alfred B.; Fields, Matthew W. Hydrogeochemistry and coal-associated bacterial populations from a methanogenic coal bed
Biogenic coalbed methane (CBM), a microbially-generated source of natural gas trapped within coal beds, is an important energy resource in many countries. Specific bacterial populations and enzymes involved in coal degradation, the potential rate-limiting step of CBM formation, are relatively unknown. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has...
Barnhart, Elliott P.; Weeks, Edwin P.; Jones, Elizabeth J.P.; Ritter, Daniel J.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.; Clark, Arthur C.; Ruppert, Leslie F.; Cunningham, Alfred B.; Vinson, David S.; Orem, William H.; Fields, Matthew W. Enhanced microbial coalbed methane generation: A review of research, commercial activity, and remaining challenges
Coalbed methane (CBM) makes up a significant portion of the world’s natural gas resources. The discovery that approximately 20% of natural gas is microbial in origin has led to interest in microbially enhanced CBM (MECoM), which involves stimulating microorganisms to produce additional CBM from existing production wells. This paper reviews current...
Ritter, Daniel J.; Vinson, David S.; Barnhart, Elliott P.; Akob, Denise M.; Fields, Matthew W.; Cunningham, Al B.; Orem, William H.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.
New Patent Helps Coalbed Methane Research
Far underground, in a Wyoming well-bore drilled through rock and coal, exciting research is bubbling up. USGS researchers are studying how bacteria and other microbes may play a role in the formation of natural gas from coal, and they’re using one of USGS’ newest patents to do it. This patent is the subsurface environmental sampler, or SES.
Use of Robotic DNA Samplers That Can Rapidly Detect Invasive Aquatic Species
USGS researchers and their collaborators demonstrated the efficacy of using robotic environmental DNA samplers for bio surveillance in freshwater systems, showing that samples collected, processed, and preserved by robotic sampler detect organism DNA in the environment at rates comparable to those collected traditionally by human technicians.