Johanna M. Blake, Ph.D.
Dr. Johanna Blake is a Research Hydrologist with geochemical expertise at the USGS New Mexico Water Science Center.
Water Quality After Wildfire
Wildfires pose a substantial risk to water supplies because they can lead to severe flooding, erosion, and delivery of sediment, nutrients, and metals to rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. The USGS works with federal and state land managers and local water providers to monitor and assess water quality after wildfires in order to help protect our Nation’s water resources.
Minerals Science Team

The Minerals Integrated Science Team focuses on contaminant exposures in the environment that might originate from mineral resource activities including, transportation, storage, extraction and waste management. Perceived health risks to humans and other organisms will be distinguished from actual risks, if any.
Johanna Blake has devoted her career to understanding geochemical processes that may effect surface water and groundwater especially related to rock-water, sediment-water, and ash-water interactions. She focuses her research on inorganic geochemistry related to mining, sediment, and wildfires and specializes in elements including uranium, arsenic, molybdenum, selenium, lead, chromium, and rare earth elements. Johanna has worked on issues related to uranium mining in the Grants Mineral Belt, New Mexico, on the Navajo Nation, and along the Texas Gulf Coast. She has been the lead scientist in New Mexico working on post-Gold King Mine spill research in the Animas and San Juan Rivers and has worked on understanding potential effects of mining on two drinking water reservoirs along the Animas River. She is the co-lead for a large project working to track the source(s) of metals to the San Juan River through Navajo Nation. In addition, Johanna works on wildfires and water quality including identifying mechanisms of element mobility from ash especially related to systems with multi-stressors including drought, flood, wildfire, and mining. More recently, Johanna has joined a multi-disciplinary team to understand the effects of coal mining on a transboundary reservoir in Canada and Montana.
Professional Experience
2017 to present, Research Hydrologist (geochemist), U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Water Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
2015 to 2017, Hydrologist (geochemist), U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Water Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Post-doctoral fellow, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, 2014-2015
2009 to 2014, Teaching Assistant, Lehigh University
2008 to 2009, Research Assistant, Lehigh University
2007 to 2008, Chemist; Radiochemistry
Education and Certifications
Ph.D., Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 2014
M.S., Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 2010
B.S., Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, 2007
B.A., Psychology, Washington College, 1999
Affiliations and Memberships*
2016 to present, Adjunct Faculty, Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
2015 to present, Geochemical Society
2009 to present, Geological Society of America
Science and Products
Geochemical processes related to mined, milled, or natural metal deposits in a rapidly changing global environment Geochemical processes related to mined, milled, or natural metal deposits in a rapidly changing global environment
Intersection of wildfire and legacy mining poses risk to water quality Intersection of wildfire and legacy mining poses risk to water quality
A multidisciplinary approach that considers occurrence, geochemistry, bioavailability, and toxicity to prioritize critical minerals for environmental research A multidisciplinary approach that considers occurrence, geochemistry, bioavailability, and toxicity to prioritize critical minerals for environmental research
Evidence of long-range transport of selenium downstream of coal mining operations in the Elk River Valley, Canada Evidence of long-range transport of selenium downstream of coal mining operations in the Elk River Valley, Canada
A call for strategic water-quality monitoring to advance assessment and prediction of wildfire impacts on water supplies A call for strategic water-quality monitoring to advance assessment and prediction of wildfire impacts on water supplies
Geoenvironmental model for roll-type uranium deposits in the Texas Gulf Coast Geoenvironmental model for roll-type uranium deposits in the Texas Gulf Coast
A novel method for conducting a geoenvironmental assessment of undiscovered ISR-amenable uranium Resources: Proof-of-concept in the Texas Coastal Plain A novel method for conducting a geoenvironmental assessment of undiscovered ISR-amenable uranium Resources: Proof-of-concept in the Texas Coastal Plain
Hydrogeology and groundwater quality in the San Agustin Basin, New Mexico, 1975–2019 Hydrogeology and groundwater quality in the San Agustin Basin, New Mexico, 1975–2019
Fort Stanton cave science conference field guide Fort Stanton cave science conference field guide
Tracking the source of metals to the San Juan River Tracking the source of metals to the San Juan River
Geology and calcite deposition of Fort Stanton-Snowy River Cave Geology and calcite deposition of Fort Stanton-Snowy River Cave
Sediment record of mining legacy and water quality from a drinking-water reservoir, Aztec, New Mexico, USA Sediment record of mining legacy and water quality from a drinking-water reservoir, Aztec, New Mexico, USA
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Investigations of Sources of Contaminants of Concern in the San Juan River
Geochemical Fingerprinting of Anthropogenic and Geologically Sourced Uranium at the Homestake Superfund Site, New Mexico
Assessment of Hydrologic Resources and the Potential Effects from Oil and Gas Development in the U.S. Bureau of Land Management Tri-County Planning Area, Sierra, Doña Ana, and Otero Counties, New Mexico
Monitoring for Potential Effects of the Gold King Mine Release on Water Quality in the Animas and San Juan Rivers in New Mexico using Continuous Monitors and Automatic Samplers
Trace element concentrations in streambed sediment and aquatic invertebrates in post-wildfire watersheds in the western United States Trace element concentrations in streambed sediment and aquatic invertebrates in post-wildfire watersheds in the western United States
Water and sediment geochemistry in the Gallinas Creek Watershed, New Mexico following the Hermit's Peak-Calf Canyon fire 2022-2023 Water and sediment geochemistry in the Gallinas Creek Watershed, New Mexico following the Hermit's Peak-Calf Canyon fire 2022-2023
Low flow water quality data for the Animas River, Arrastra Creek to Silverton, Colorado, September 2021 Low flow water quality data for the Animas River, Arrastra Creek to Silverton, Colorado, September 2021
Experimental testing for radon in laboratory and field using a coupled diffusive membrane and alpha track detector, 2024 Experimental testing for radon in laboratory and field using a coupled diffusive membrane and alpha track detector, 2024
Sediment chemistry data from sediment traps deployed in the San Juan River watershed, 2021-2022, Four Corners USA Sediment chemistry data from sediment traps deployed in the San Juan River watershed, 2021-2022, Four Corners USA
Scanning electron microscopy data from sediments collected in ephemeral channels, Four Corners region, USA, 2021-2022 Scanning electron microscopy data from sediments collected in ephemeral channels, Four Corners region, USA, 2021-2022
Sediment descriptions, sediment core and pore water chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station reservoir, Waterflow, NM Sediment descriptions, sediment core and pore water chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station reservoir, Waterflow, NM
Farmington Lake Sediment Descriptions, Total Sediment Chemistry, and Batch Experiment Chemistry Farmington Lake Sediment Descriptions, Total Sediment Chemistry, and Batch Experiment Chemistry
Water and sediment leachate chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station, Waterflow, NM, January 2021 Water and sediment leachate chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station, Waterflow, NM, January 2021
Water and sediment leachate chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station, Waterflow, NM, January 2021 Water and sediment leachate chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station, Waterflow, NM, January 2021
Rock and Calcite Chemistry Within and Surrounding Fort Stanton-Snowy River Cave Rock and Calcite Chemistry Within and Surrounding Fort Stanton-Snowy River Cave
Sediment Chemistry and Physical Properties from Sediments in the Aztec Drinking Water Reservoir #1 Sediment Chemistry and Physical Properties from Sediments in the Aztec Drinking Water Reservoir #1
Restoration of the Sulphur Springs Geothermal Area, Valles Caldera National Preserve: Evaluation of surface water quality and geothermal resources before, during, and after restoration Restoration of the Sulphur Springs Geothermal Area, Valles Caldera National Preserve: Evaluation of surface water quality and geothermal resources before, during, and after restoration
Science and Products
Geochemical processes related to mined, milled, or natural metal deposits in a rapidly changing global environment Geochemical processes related to mined, milled, or natural metal deposits in a rapidly changing global environment
Intersection of wildfire and legacy mining poses risk to water quality Intersection of wildfire and legacy mining poses risk to water quality
A multidisciplinary approach that considers occurrence, geochemistry, bioavailability, and toxicity to prioritize critical minerals for environmental research A multidisciplinary approach that considers occurrence, geochemistry, bioavailability, and toxicity to prioritize critical minerals for environmental research
Evidence of long-range transport of selenium downstream of coal mining operations in the Elk River Valley, Canada Evidence of long-range transport of selenium downstream of coal mining operations in the Elk River Valley, Canada
A call for strategic water-quality monitoring to advance assessment and prediction of wildfire impacts on water supplies A call for strategic water-quality monitoring to advance assessment and prediction of wildfire impacts on water supplies
Geoenvironmental model for roll-type uranium deposits in the Texas Gulf Coast Geoenvironmental model for roll-type uranium deposits in the Texas Gulf Coast
A novel method for conducting a geoenvironmental assessment of undiscovered ISR-amenable uranium Resources: Proof-of-concept in the Texas Coastal Plain A novel method for conducting a geoenvironmental assessment of undiscovered ISR-amenable uranium Resources: Proof-of-concept in the Texas Coastal Plain
Hydrogeology and groundwater quality in the San Agustin Basin, New Mexico, 1975–2019 Hydrogeology and groundwater quality in the San Agustin Basin, New Mexico, 1975–2019
Fort Stanton cave science conference field guide Fort Stanton cave science conference field guide
Tracking the source of metals to the San Juan River Tracking the source of metals to the San Juan River
Geology and calcite deposition of Fort Stanton-Snowy River Cave Geology and calcite deposition of Fort Stanton-Snowy River Cave
Sediment record of mining legacy and water quality from a drinking-water reservoir, Aztec, New Mexico, USA Sediment record of mining legacy and water quality from a drinking-water reservoir, Aztec, New Mexico, USA
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Investigations of Sources of Contaminants of Concern in the San Juan River
Geochemical Fingerprinting of Anthropogenic and Geologically Sourced Uranium at the Homestake Superfund Site, New Mexico
Assessment of Hydrologic Resources and the Potential Effects from Oil and Gas Development in the U.S. Bureau of Land Management Tri-County Planning Area, Sierra, Doña Ana, and Otero Counties, New Mexico
Monitoring for Potential Effects of the Gold King Mine Release on Water Quality in the Animas and San Juan Rivers in New Mexico using Continuous Monitors and Automatic Samplers
Trace element concentrations in streambed sediment and aquatic invertebrates in post-wildfire watersheds in the western United States Trace element concentrations in streambed sediment and aquatic invertebrates in post-wildfire watersheds in the western United States
Water and sediment geochemistry in the Gallinas Creek Watershed, New Mexico following the Hermit's Peak-Calf Canyon fire 2022-2023 Water and sediment geochemistry in the Gallinas Creek Watershed, New Mexico following the Hermit's Peak-Calf Canyon fire 2022-2023
Low flow water quality data for the Animas River, Arrastra Creek to Silverton, Colorado, September 2021 Low flow water quality data for the Animas River, Arrastra Creek to Silverton, Colorado, September 2021
Experimental testing for radon in laboratory and field using a coupled diffusive membrane and alpha track detector, 2024 Experimental testing for radon in laboratory and field using a coupled diffusive membrane and alpha track detector, 2024
Sediment chemistry data from sediment traps deployed in the San Juan River watershed, 2021-2022, Four Corners USA Sediment chemistry data from sediment traps deployed in the San Juan River watershed, 2021-2022, Four Corners USA
Scanning electron microscopy data from sediments collected in ephemeral channels, Four Corners region, USA, 2021-2022 Scanning electron microscopy data from sediments collected in ephemeral channels, Four Corners region, USA, 2021-2022
Sediment descriptions, sediment core and pore water chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station reservoir, Waterflow, NM Sediment descriptions, sediment core and pore water chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station reservoir, Waterflow, NM
Farmington Lake Sediment Descriptions, Total Sediment Chemistry, and Batch Experiment Chemistry Farmington Lake Sediment Descriptions, Total Sediment Chemistry, and Batch Experiment Chemistry
Water and sediment leachate chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station, Waterflow, NM, January 2021 Water and sediment leachate chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station, Waterflow, NM, January 2021
Water and sediment leachate chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station, Waterflow, NM, January 2021 Water and sediment leachate chemistry from the San Juan Generating Station, Waterflow, NM, January 2021
Rock and Calcite Chemistry Within and Surrounding Fort Stanton-Snowy River Cave Rock and Calcite Chemistry Within and Surrounding Fort Stanton-Snowy River Cave
Sediment Chemistry and Physical Properties from Sediments in the Aztec Drinking Water Reservoir #1 Sediment Chemistry and Physical Properties from Sediments in the Aztec Drinking Water Reservoir #1
Restoration of the Sulphur Springs Geothermal Area, Valles Caldera National Preserve: Evaluation of surface water quality and geothermal resources before, during, and after restoration Restoration of the Sulphur Springs Geothermal Area, Valles Caldera National Preserve: Evaluation of surface water quality and geothermal resources before, during, and after restoration
*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government