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Leah E Morgan, Ph.D.

Leah Morgan is a Research Geologist with the Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center.

I joined the 40Ar/39Ar geochronology lab at the USGS in Denver, Colorado as a research geologist in 2015. I was previously a Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Center and at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. I received a PhD from the University of California at Berkeley in 2009, and a BA from Carleton College in 2004. I was born and raised in Vermont.

I have worked on a range of applications and method development issues in 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. Applications have largely focused on questions in paleoanthropology and the geologic timescale. Method development projects include developing metrologically traceable systems for measuring absolute quantities of 40Ar and 40K, and the design of a mobile neutron source for the future in situ deployment of 40Ar/39Ar capabilities on planetary surfaces

USGS Service

  • 2020-present, USGS TRIGA Reactor Operating Committee
  • 2017-present, USGS Radiation Safety Committee
  • 2016-present, USGS Rocky Mountain Science Seminar Series Convener
  • 2018-2020 GGGSC Early Career Advisory Team, GGGSC

Professional Experience

  • 2015-present, Research Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey

  • 2014, Visiting Assistant Professor, Geology Department, Carleton College

  • 2011-2014, Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellow, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Center, University of Glasgow, Scotland

  • 2009-2011, Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellow, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Education and Certifications

  • Ph.D. Earth & Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, 2009

  • B.S. Geology, Carleton College, 2004

Affiliations and Memberships

  • 2018-present, Affiliate Faculty, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO

  • 2021, co-Chair, Gordon Research Conference on Geochronology

  • 2019, vice-Chair, Gordon Research Conference on Geochronology

  • 2018-2019, Chair and Founder, Geochronology Division of the Geological Society of America

  • 2019-present, Advisory Member, Committee for the Stratigraphy and Chronology Commission, International Union for Quaternary Research

  • 2018-present, Steering Committee Member, EarthRates Research Coordination Network

Honors and Awards

  • 2019, USGS Superior Service Award

Science and Products

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large piece of equipment for argon extraction system and mass spectrometer

Argon Geochronology

This project supports the USGS argon geochronology laboratory in Denver. The USGS 40Ar/39Ar geochronology laboratory is a state-of-the-art research facility for determining absolute ages of minerals and rocks. The 40Ar/39Ar laboratory contributes critical geochronology to individual USGS research projects and to partners in academia and other Federal agencies. This laboratory develops methodology...
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
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Argon Geochronology

This project supports the USGS argon geochronology laboratory in Denver. The USGS 40Ar/39Ar geochronology laboratory is a state-of-the-art research facility for determining absolute ages of minerals and rocks. The 40Ar/39Ar laboratory contributes critical geochronology to individual USGS research projects and to partners in academia and other Federal agencies. This laboratory develops methodology...
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Mt. Ouray, Colorado with aspen colors

Geologic Framework of the Intermountain West

The Geologic Framework of the Intermountain West project was launched with the goal of producing a new digital geologic map database and 3D geologic model of a transect from the Rio Grande rift to the Basin and Range, based on a synthesis of existing geologic maps with new targeted new mapping, subsurface data, and other data sets. This database will integrate disparate map data, resolve...
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Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
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Geologic Framework of the Intermountain West

The Geologic Framework of the Intermountain West project was launched with the goal of producing a new digital geologic map database and 3D geologic model of a transect from the Rio Grande rift to the Basin and Range, based on a synthesis of existing geologic maps with new targeted new mapping, subsurface data, and other data sets. This database will integrate disparate map data, resolve...
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USGS science for a changing world logo

Serving the U.S. Geological Survey’s geochronological data

Geochronological data provide essential information necessary for understanding the timing of geologic processes and events, as well as quantifying rates and timescales key to geologic mapping, mineral and energy resource and hazard assessments. The USGS’s National Geochronological Database (NGDB) contains over 30,000 radiometric ages, but no formal update has occurred in over 20 years. This proj
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Community for Data Integration (CDI)
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Serving the U.S. Geological Survey’s geochronological data

Geochronological data provide essential information necessary for understanding the timing of geologic processes and events, as well as quantifying rates and timescales key to geologic mapping, mineral and energy resource and hazard assessments. The USGS’s National Geochronological Database (NGDB) contains over 30,000 radiometric ages, but no formal update has occurred in over 20 years. This proj
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Filter Total Items: 19

Argon data for Hugub Area, Kesem-Kebena-Dulecha, Ethiopia

Tephra samples were collected by Leah Morgan (now at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)) from the Hugub Area, Kesem-Kebena-Dulecha, Afar, Ethiopia. Sanidine grains were separated from the bulk sample and analyzed by argon geochronology at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Scotland. The data indicate that the age of the Hugub Bed, which is rich in archarological artifacts, is
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Argon data for Klamath Mountains

This dataset accompanies planned publication '40Ar/39Ar geochronology of hydrothermal activity related to orogenic gold mineralization in the Klamath Mountains, California, U.S.A.'. The Ar/Ar data are for samples that record the mineralization of the area. The geochronology provides time constraints for the mineralization studied in the manuscript. Samples were collected from the Klamath Mountains
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Argon data for Nepal

This dataset accompanies planned publication 'Determining fault geometry through the transport-parallel distribution of thermochronometer cooling ages'. The Ar/Ar data is for samples that record the thermal history of the area. The geochronology provides time constraints for the thermal histories studied in the manuscript. Samples were collected from Nepal, overseen by Nadine McQuarrie (University
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Argon data for Amazon Craton

This dataset accompanies planned publication 'Genesis of early Neoproterozoic gold deposits, southwestern Amazon Craton, western Brazil'. The Ar/Ar data is for samples that record the mineralization of the area. The geochronology provides time constraints for the mineralization studied in the manuscript. Samples were collected from the Amazon Craton region, and collection was done by Rodrigo Prude
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Argon data for Central Andes (Domeyko Range, Chile)

This dataset accompanies planned publication 'Gondwanan inheritance on the building of the western Central Andes (Domeyko Range, Chile): Structural and thermochronological approach (U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar)'. The Ar/Ar data is for samples that record the sedimentation of the area. The geochronology provides time constraints for the sedimentation studied in the manuscript. Samples were collected from th
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Argon data for Yellow Pine

This dataset accompanies planned publication 'Timing of Hydrothermal Alteration and Au-Sb-W Mineralization, Stibnite-Yellow Pine District, Idaho'. The Ar/Ar data is for samples that record the mineralization of the area. The geochronology provides time constraints for the mineralization studied in the manuscript. Samples were collected from the Yellow Pine region, and collection was done by numero
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Argon data for Central Anatolian Ophiolite

This dataset accompanies planned publication 'Conditions, mechanisms, and timing of high-grade metamorphism and ductile deformation of the southern segment of the Central Anatolian Ophiolite'. The Ar/Ar data are for samples that record the metamorphic deformation of the ophiolite. The geochronology provides time constraints for the deformation studied in the manuscript. Samples were collected from
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Argon data for Southern Patagonian Andes

This dataset accompanies planned publication 'Detrital record of the Late Oligocene - Early Miocene mafic volcanic arc in the Southern Patagonian Andes (~51S) from single-clast geochronology and trace element geochemistry'. The Ar/Ar data is for samples that record the detrital sedimentary record of the basin. The geochronology provides time constraints for the sedimentation studied in the manuscr
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Argon geochronology data for eastern Bhutan

This dataset accompanies publication 'The influence of foreland structures on hinterland cooling: evaluating the drivers of exhumation in the eastern Bhutan Himalaya'. The Ar/Ar data provides time constraints for the cooling of rocks in the study area.
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Argon geochronology data for Multiproxy Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary event stratigraphy: an Umbria-Marche basin-wide perspective

This dataset accompanies publication 'Multiproxy Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary event stratigraphy: an Umbria-Marche basin-wide perspective'.
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Data to accompany U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1099: Petrographic, geochemical and geochronologic data for Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield Mining Districts, Nevada

This dataset is the assembled analytical results of geochemical, petrographic, and geochronologic data for samples, principally those of unmineralized Tertiary volcanic rocks, from the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield mining districts of west-central Nevada. Much of the data presented here for the Tonopah and Divide districts are for samples collected by Bonham and Garside (1979) during geologic map
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

Argon geochronology data for La Garita caldera

This dataset accompanies publication 'A supervolcano and its sidekicks: A 100 ka eruptive chronology of the Fish Canyon Tuff and associated units of the La Garita magmatic system', in review in Geology, which analyzed eruptive products from the La Garita caldera.
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Geologic map of the Poncha Pass area, Chaffee, Fremont, and Saguache Counties, Colorado

This report presents a 1:24,000-scale geologic map, cross sections, and descriptive and interpretative text for the Poncha Pass area in central Colorado. The map area is irregular in shape, covering all of one 7 ½' quadrangle (Poncha Pass) and parts of five others (Mount Ouray, Maysville, Salida West, Salida East, and Wellsville). The map boundaries were drawn to cover all of the “Poncha mountain
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Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

Geologic map of the San Antonio Mountain area, northern New Mexico and southern Colorado

The geologic map of the San Antonio Mountain area in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado is located along the west-central part of the San Luis Valley. The San Luis Valley is the geomorphic expression of the San Luis Basin, an extensional basin associated with the northern Rio Grande rift. Deposits within the map area record volcanic, sedimentary, and tectonic processes over the last ~33 mil
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Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
Filter Total Items: 21

High-precision 41K/39K measurements by MC-ICP-MS indicate terrestrial variability of δ41K

Potassium is a major component in continental crust, the fourth-most abundant cation in seawater, and a key element in biological processes. Until recently, difficulties with existing analytical techniques hindered our ability to identify natural isotopic variability of potassium isotopes in terrestrial materials. However, measurement precision has greatly improved and a range of K isotopic compos
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Characteristics and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Erdenet Cu-Mo deposit, Mongolia

The Early to Middle Triassic Erdenet porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, in northern Mongolia, developed in a continent-continent arc collision zone, within the Central Asian orogenic belt. The porphyry system is related to multiple intrusions of crystal-crowded biotite granodiorite porphyry, which formed a composite stock about 900 m in diameter, with multiple porphyritic microgranodiorite dikes. Wall rocks
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Instrumentation development for In Situ 40Ar/39Ar planetary geochronology

The chronology of the Solar System, particularly the timing of formation of extra-terrestrial bodies and their features, is an outstanding problem in planetary science. Although various chronological methods for in situ geochronology have been proposed (e.g., Rb-Sr, K-Ar), and even applied (K-Ar), the reliability, accuracy, and applicability of the 40Ar/39Ar method makes it by far the most desirab
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Preservation of ancient impact ages on the R chondrite parent body: <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age of hornblende-bearing R chondrite LAP 04840

The hornblende- and biotite-bearing R chondrite LAP 04840 is a rare kind of meteorite possibly containing outer solar system water stored during metamorphism or postshock annealing deep within an asteroid. Because little is known regarding its age and origin, we determined 40Ar/39Ar ages on hornblende-rich separates of the meteorite, and obtained plateau ages of 4340(±40) to 4380(±30) Ma. These we
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Pressure disequilibria induced by rapid valve closure in noble gas extraction lines

Pressure disequilibria during rapid valve closures can affect calculated molar quantities for a range of gas abundance measurements (e.g., K-Ar geochronology, (U-Th)/He geochronology, noble gas cosmogenic chronology). Modeling indicates this effect in a system with a 10 L reservoir reaches a bias of 1% before 1000 pipette aliquants have been removed from the system, and a bias of 10% before 10,000
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Energy and Minerals, Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Elemental, isotopic, and geochronological variability in Mogollon-Datil volcanic province archaeological obsidian, southwestern USA: Solving issues of intersource discrimination

Solving issues of intersource discrimination in archaeological obsidian is a recurring problem in geoarchaeological investigation, particularly since the number of known sources of archaeological obsidian worldwide has grown nearly exponentially in the last few decades, and the complexity of archaeological questions asked has grown equally so. These two parallel aspects of archaeological investiga
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Episodic formation of the world-class Waihi epithermal Au-Ag vein system, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand

The world-class Waihi vein system in New Zealand has produced more than 248,400 kg Au and 1.43 million kg Ag. New high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dates of adularia from different veins show that some veins formed at different times (6.15 Ma Martha vs. 5.83 and 5.85 Ma Empire and Welcome, respectively), even though they have similar mineralogy. The Martha vein formed over a period of approximately 150,000
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Reverse weathering in marine sediments and the geochemical cycle of potassium in seawater: Insights from the K isotopic composition (41K/39K) of deep-sea pore-fluids

In situ Al-silicate formation, also known as “reverse weathering,” is an important sink of many of the major and minor cations in seawater (e.g. Mg, K, and Li). However, the importance of this sink in global geochemical cycles and isotopic budgets of these elements remains poorly constrained. Here, we report on the potassium isotopic composition (41K/39K) of deep-sea sediment pore-fluids from four
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

40Ar/39Ar geochronology and petrogenesis of the Table Mountain Shoshonite, Golden, Colorado, U.S.A.

The Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleogene Table Mountain Shoshonite lava flows and their proposed source, the Ralston Buttes intrusions, provide insight into the volcanic history of the Colorado Front Range. This study affirms the long-held hypothesis linking the extrusive Table Mountain lava flows and their intrusive equivalents at Ralston Buttes through major- and trace- element geochemistry. Sys
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Petrographic, geochemical, and geochronologic data for cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield Mining Districts, Nevada

The purpose of this report is to summarize geochemical, petrographic, and geochronologic data for samples, principally those of unmineralized Tertiary volcanic rocks, from the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield mining districts of west-central Nevada (fig. 1). Much of the data presented here for the Tonopah and Divide districts are for samples collected by Bonham and Garside (1979) during geologic map
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center

Petrology of volcanic rocks associated with silver-gold (Ag-Au) epithermal deposits in the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield Mining Districts, Nevada

Miocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, part of the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades magmatic arc, are spatially, temporally, and likely genetically associated with precious metal epithermal deposits in the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield Districts of west-central Nevada. In the Tonopah mining district, volcanic rocks include the Mizpah Trachyte, Fraction Tuff, and Oddie Rhyolite; in the Di
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center

A supervolcano and its sidekicks: A 100 ka eruptive chronology of the Fish Canyon Tuff and associated units of the La Garita magmatic system

Establishing temporal constrains on major volcanic eruptions is limited by the precision of existing geochronometers. Prior work on the La Garita caldera, created by the eruption of the Fish Canyon Tuff, failed to resolve temporal differences between pre-, syn-, and post-collapse eruptive units. Here, we report 40Ar/39Ar geochronologic data supporting a ca. 100 ka eruptive history of the La Garita
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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center

Pre-USGS Publications

Mark, D.F., P.R. Renne, R. Dymock, V.C. Smith, J.I. SImon, L.E. Morgan, R.A. Staff, and B.S. Ellis, 2017. High-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of pleistocene tuffs and temporal anchoring of the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary. Quaternary Geochronology 39, 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2017.01.002.
Morgan, L.E., 2017. 40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar Geochronology, in: A.S. Gilbert (ed.), Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology. Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series. Springer, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4409-0.
Morgan, L.E., 2015. Noble Gas Mass Spectrometry, in: W.J. Rink, and J.W. Thompson (eds.), Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods. Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series. Springer, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6304-3_118.
Sahle, Y., L.E. Morgan, D.R. Braun, W.K. Hutchings, 2014. Chronological and behavioral contexts of the earliest Middle Stone Age in the Gademotta Formation, Main Ethiopian Rift, Quaternary International, v. 331, p. 6-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.03.010.
Mark, D.F., M. Petraglia, V.C. Smith, L.E. Morgan, D.N. Barfod, B.S Ellis, N.J. Pearce, J.N. Pal, R. Korisettar, 2014. A high-precision 40Ar/39Ar age for the Young Toba Tuff and dating of ultra- distal tephra: forcing of Quaternary climate and implications for hominin occupation of India, Quaternary Geochronology, v. 21, p. 90-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.12.004.
Sahle, Y., W.K. Hutchings, D.R. Braun, J.C. Sealy, L.E. Morgan, A. Negash, B. Atnafu, 2013. Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift date to >279,000 years ago. PLOS ONE, v. 8, no. 11, e78092, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078092.
Morgan, L.E., D.F. Mark, J. Imlach, D.N. Barfod, 2013. FCs-EK: A new sampling of the Fish Canyon tuff 40Ar/39Ar neutron flux monitor, in: Jourdan, F., Mark, D., and Verati, C. (eds.), Advances in 40Ar/39Ar Dating: from Archaeology to Planetary Sciences. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 378, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP378.21.
Renne, P.R., A.L. Deino, F.J. Hilgen, K.F. Kuiper, D.F. Mark, W.S. Mitchell, L.E. Morgan, R. Mundil, J. Smit, 2013. Timescales of critical events around the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Science, v. 339, p. 684-687, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1230492.
Schoene, B., D.J. Condon, L.E. Morgan, N. McLean, 2013. Precision and accuracy in geochronology. Elements Magazine, v.9, no.1, p. 23-28, http://elementsmagazine.org/past-issue-archive/2013-volume-9/#February2013.
Renne, P.R., S.R. Mulcahy, W.S. Cassata,, L.E. Morgan, S.P. Kelley, L. Hlusko, J. Njau, 2012. Retention of inherited Ar by alkali feldspar xenocrysts in a magma: Kinetic constraints from Ba zoning profiles. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 93, p. 129-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.06.029.
Morgan, L.E., P.R. Renne, R. Galotti, G. Kieffer, M. Piperno, J.-P. Raynal, 2012. A chronological framework for a long and persistent archeological record: Melka Kunture, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution, v. 62, no. 1, p. 104-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.10.007.
Frost, S.R., H.L. Schwartz, L. Giemsch, L.E. Morgan, P.R. Renne, M. Wildgoose, C. Saanane, F. Schrenk, K. Harvati, 2012. Refined age estimates and paleoanthropological investigation of the Manyara Beds, Tanzania. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, v. 90, p. 151-161, https://doi.org/10.4436/jass.90001.
Schwartz, H., P.R. Renne, L.E. Morgan, M.M. Wildgoose, P.C. Lippert, S.R. Frost, K. Harvati, F. Schrenk, C. Saanane, 2012. Geochronology of the Manyara Beds, northern Tanzania: stratigraphy and new magnetostratigraphy and 40Ar/39Ar ages. Quaternary Geochronology, v. 7, no. 1, p. 48-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2011.09.002.
Morgan, L.E., O. Postma, K.F. Kuiper, D.F. Mark, W. van der Plas, S. Davidson, M. Perkin, I. Villa, J.R. Wijbrans, 2011. A metrological approach to measuring 40Ar* concentrations in K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar mineral standards, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 12, p. A0AA20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003719.
Renne, P.R., A.L. Deino, W.E. Hames, M.T. Heizler, S.R. Hemming, K.V. Hodges, A.A.P. Koppers, D.F. Mark, L.E. Morgan, D. Phillips, B.S. Singer, B.D. Turrin, I.M. Villa, M. Villeneuve and J.R. Wijbrans, 2009. Data reporting norms for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. Quaternary Geochronology, v. 4, no. 5, p. 346-352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2009.06.005.
Renne, P.R., W.S. Cassata, and L.E. Morgan, 2009. The isotopic composition of atmospheric argon and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology: time for a change? Quaternary Geochronology, v. 4, no. 4, p. 288-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2009.02.015.
Renne, P. R., L.E. Morgan, G. WoldeGabriel, W.K. Hart, Y. Haile-Selassie, and T.D. White, 2009. 40Ar/39Ar Ages of the Middle Awash Late Miocene, in: Haile-Selassie, Y., and WoldeGabriel, G. (eds.), Ardipithecus kadabba: Late Miocene evidence from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Morgan, L.E., P.R. Renne, R.E. Taylor, and G. WoldeGabriel, 2009. Archaeological age constraints from eruption ages of obsidian: Examples from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Quaternary Geochronology, v. 4, p. 193-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2009.01.001.
Morgan, L.E. and P.R. Renne, 2008. Diachronous Dawn of Africa’s Middle Stone Age: New 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Ethiopian Rift. Geology, v. 36, no. 12, p. 967-970, https://doi.org/10.1130/G25213A.1.
Gihring, T.M., L.-H. Lin, M. Davidson, T.C. Onstott, L. Morgan, M. Milleson, T.L. Kieft, E. Trimarco, D.L. Balkwill, and M.E. Dollhopf, 2006. The Distribution of Microbial Taxa in the Subsurface Water of the Kalahari Shield, South Africa. Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 23, p. 415-430, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450600875696.

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