Michael Poland, Ph.D.
Biography
Mike is a research geophysicist with the Cascades Volcano Observatory and the current Scientist-in-Charge of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory. His area of specialization is volcano geodesy, which emphasizes the surface deformation and gravity fields associated wth volcanic activity. This work involves the use of space-based tecnologies, like Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), as well as ground-based techniques, like microgravity surveys. Mike has taken part in studies on a variety of volcanic systems in the United states, including Mount St. Helens and other volcanoes of the Pacific Northwest, Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes in Hawaii, and the Yellowstone caldera. His recent work has focused on using gravity change over time to understand the character of the fluids that drive volcanic unrest, and also on the potential of satellite data to improve forecasts of future changes in volcanic activity.
Education:
Arizona State University: Ph.D. (2001), Geological Sciences
University of California, Davis: B.S. (1997), Geology
Appointments:
U.S. Geological Survey - Yellowstone Volcano Observatory: Scientist-in-Charge (2017 - present)
U.S. Geological Survey – Cascades Volcano Observatory: Research Geophysicist (2015 - present)
U.S. Geological Survey – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: Research Geophysicist (2005 - 2015)
U.S. Geological Survey – Cascades Volcano Observatory: Research Geophysicist (2002 - 2005)
Department of Geology, Clark College (Vancouver, Washington): Instructor (2004)
Arizona State University, Department of Geological Sciences: Graduate Teaching/Research Assoc. (1997 - 2001)
Publications:
96. Neal, C.A., Brantley, S.R., Antolik, L., Babb, J., Burgess, M., Calles, K., Cappos, M., Chang, J.C., Conway, S., Desmither, L., Dotray, P., Elias, T., Fukunaga, P., Fuke, S., Johanson, I.A., Kamibayashi, K., Kauahikaua, J., Lee, R.L., Pekalib, S., Miklius, A., Million, W., Moniz, C.J., Nadeau, P.A., Okubo, P., Parcheta, C., Patrick, M.R., Shiro, B., Swanson, D.A., Tollett, W., Trusdell, F., Younger, E.F., Zoeller, M.H., Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Anderson, K.R., Poland, M.P., Ball, J., Bard, J., Coombs, M., Dietterich, H.R., Kern, C., Thelen, W.A., Cervelli, P.F., Orr, T., Houghton, B.F., Gansecki, C., Hazlett, R., Lundgren, P., Diefenbach, A.K., Lerner, A.H., Waite, G., Kelly, P., Clor, L., Werner, C., Mulliken, K., and Fisher, G., 2019, The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano: Science, v. 363, no. 6425, p. 367–374, doi:10.1126/science.aav7046
95. Brantley, S.R., Kauahikaua, J.P., Babb, J.L., Orr, T.R., Patrick, M.R., Poland, M.P., Trusdell, F.A., and Oliveira, D., 2018, Communication strategy of the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory during the lava-flow crisis of 2014–2015, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, in Poland, M.P., Garcia, M.O., Camp, V.E., and Grunder, A., eds., Field Volcanology: A Tribute to the Distinguished Career of Don Swanson, Geological Society of America Special Paper 538, p. 351–373, doi:10.1130/2018.2538(16).
94. Dzurisin, D., and Poland, M.P., 2018, Magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, from inception to now: Historical perspective, current state of knowledge, and future challenges, in Poland, M.P., Garcia, M.O., Camp, V.E., and Grunder, A., eds., Field Volcanology: A Tribute to the Distinguished Career of Don Swanson, Geological Society of America Special Paper 538, p. 275–295, doi:10.1130/2018.2538(12).
93. Swanson, D.A., Fiske, R.S., Thornber, C.R., and Poland, M.P., 2018, Dikes in the Koa‘e fault system, and the Koa‘e–east rift zone structural grain at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, in Poland, M.P., Garcia, M.O., Camp, V.E., and Grunder, A., eds., Field Volcanology: A Tribute to the Distinguished Career of Don Swanson, Geological Society of America Special Paper 538, p. 247–274, doi:10.1130/2018.2538(11).
92. Poland, M.P., Garcia, M.O., Camp, V.E., and Grunder, A., 2018, Don Swanson: A field volcanology career worth celebrating, in Poland, M.P., Garcia, M.O., Camp, V.E., and Grunder, A., eds., Field Volcanology: A Tribute to the Distinguished Career of Don Swanson, Geological Society of America Special Paper 538, p. v–x, doi:10.1130/2018.2538(000).
91. Poland, M.P., Garcia, M.O., Camp, V.E., and Grunder, A., eds., 2018, Field Volcanology: A Tribute to the Distinguished Career of Don Swanson, Geological Society of America Special Paper 538, 458 pp., doi:10.1130/SPE538.
90. Pritchard, M.E., Biggs, J., Wauthier, C., Sansosti, E., Arnold, D.W.D., Delgado, F., Ebmeier, S.K., Henderson, S.T., Stephens, K., Cooper, C., Wnuk, K., Amelung, F., Aguilar, V., Mothes, P., Macedo, O., Lara, L.E., Poland, M.P., and Zoffoli, S., 2018, Towards coordinated regional multi-satellite InSAR volcano observations: results from the Latin America pilot project: Journal of Applied Volcanology, v. 7, 5, doi:10.1186/s13617-018-0074-0.
89. Conway, S., Wauthier, C., Fukushima, Y., and Poland, M., 2018, A retrospective look at the February 1993 east rift zone intrusion at Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 358, p. 241–251, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.05.017.
88. Poland, M.P., and Carbone, D., 2018, Continuous gravity and tilt reveal anomalous pressure and density changes associated with gas pistoning within the summit lava lake of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 45, no. 5, p. 2319–2327, doi:10.1002/2017GL076936.
87. Battaglia, M., Lisowski, M., Dzurisin, D., Poland, M.P., Schilling, S., Diefenbach, A., and Wynn, J., 2018, Mass addition at Mount St. Helens, Washington, Inferred from Repeated Gravity Surveys: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 123, no. 2, p. 1856–1874, doi:10.1002/2017JB014990.
86. Fernandez, J., Pepe, A., Poland, M.P., and Sigmundsson, F., 2017, Volcano Geodesy: Recent developments and future challenges: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 344, p. 1–12, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.08.006.
85. Anderson, K.R., and Poland, M.P., 2017, Abundant carbon in the mantle beneath Hawaiʻi: Nature Geoscience, v. 10, no. 9, p. 704–708, doi:10.1038/ngeo3007.
84. Poland, M.P., Lisowski, M., Dzurisin, D., Kramer, R., McLay, M., and Pauk, B., 2017, Volcano geodesy in the Cascade arc, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 78, no. 8, article 59, doi:10.1007/s00445-017-1140-x. Poland, M.P., Peltier, A., Bonforte, A., and Puglisi, G., 2017, The spectrum of persistent volcanic flank instability: A review and proposed framework based on Kīlauea, Piton de la Fournaise, and Etna: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 339, p. 63 – 80, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.05.004.
83. Carbone, D., Poland, M.P., Greco F., and Diament, M., 2017, The added value of time-variable microgravimetry to the understanding of how volcanoes work: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 169, p. 146–179, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.04.014.
82. Wauthier, C., Roman, D.R., and Poland, M.P., 2016, Joint modeling of InSAR and earthquake fault-plane solution data to constrain magmatic sources: A case study from Kīlauea Volcano: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 455, p. 38–48, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.011.
81. Poland, M.P., and Carbone, D., 2016, Insights into shallow magmatic processes at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, from a multi-year continuous gravity time series: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 121, no. 7, p. 5477–5492, doi:10.1002/2016JB013057.
80. Arnold, D.W.D., Biggs, J., Wadge, G., Ebmeier, S.K., Odbert, H.M., and Poland, M.P., 2016, Dome growth, collapse, and valley fill at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, from 1995 to 2013; Contributions from satellite radar measurements of topographic change: Geosphere, v. 12, no. 4, p. 1300–1315, doi:10.1130/GES01291.1.
79. Kauahikaua, J.P., Orr, T.R., Patrick, M., Thelen, W.A., Burgess, M.K., Miklius, A., Poland, M., Anderson, K.R., Antolik, L., Elias, T., Sutton, J., Kern, C., and Werner, C., 2016, The 2014 annual report for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report, 2328-0328, 65 pp., doi: 10.3133/sir20165059.
78. Anderson, K.R., and Poland, M.P., 2016, Bayesian estimation of magma supply, storage, and eruption rates using a multiphysical volcano model; Kīlauea Volcano, 2000–2012: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 447, p. 161–171, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.029.
77. Poland, M.P., and 26 additional authors, 2016, The 2014–2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Disaster avoided and lessons learned: GSA Today, v. 26, no. 2, p. 4–10, doi:10.1130/GSATG262A.1.
76. Wang, T., Poland, M.P., and Lu, Z., 2015, Dome growth at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Arc, quantified by time series TerraSAR-X imagery: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 24, p. 10,614–10,621, doi: 10.1002/2015GL066784.
75. Qu, F., Lu, Z., Poland, M., Freymueller, J., Zhang, Q., and Jung, H.-S., 2015, Post-Eruptive Inflation of Okmok Volcano, Alaska, from InSAR, 2008–2014: Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 12, p. 16,778–16,794, doi:10.3390/rs71215839.
74. Patrick, M.R., Anderson, K.R., Poland, M.P., Orr, T.R., and Swanson, D.A., 2015, Lava lake level as a gauge of magma reservoir pressure and eruptive hazard: Geology, v. 43, no. 9, p. 831–834, doi:10.1130/G36896.1.
73. Poland, M.P., 2015, Volcano monitoring from space, chap. 17 in: S.C. Loughlin, R. S.J. Sparks, S.K. Brown, S.F. Jenkins, and C. Vye-Brown (eds.), Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 307–311.
72. Jo, M.-J., Jung, H.-S., Won, J.-S., Poland, M.P., Miklius, A., and Lu, Z., 2015, Measurement of slow-moving along-track displacement from an efficient Multiple-Aperture SAR Interferometry (MAI) stacking: Journal of Geodesy, v. 89, no. 5, p. 411-425, doi: 10.1007/s00190-014-0786-9.
71. Poland, M.P., 2015, “Points requiring elucidation” about Hawaiian volcanism, Chap. 24 of Carey, R., Cayol, V., Poland, M., and Weis, D., eds., Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface, AGU Monograph 208, p. 533–562, doi:10.1002/9781118872079.ch24.
70. Peltier, A., Poland, M.P., and Staudacher, T., 2015, Are Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion) and Kīlauea (Hawai‘i) really “analog volcanoes”?, Chap. 23 of Carey, R., Cayol, V., Poland, M., and Weis, D., eds., Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface, AGU Monograph 208, p. 507–531, doi:10.1002/9781118872079.ch23.
69. Orr, T.R., Poland, M.P., Patrick, M.R., Thelen, W.A., Sutton, A.J., Elias, T., Thornber, C.R., Parcheta, C., and Wooten, K.M., 2015, Kīlauea’s 5–9 March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption and its relation to 30+ years of activity from Puʻu ʻŌʻō, Chap. 18 of Carey, R., Cayol, V., Poland, M., and Weis, D., eds., Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface, AGU Monograph 208, p. 393–420, doi:10.1002/9781118872079.ch18.
68. Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Poland. M.P., and Miklius, A., 2015, Delicate balance of magmatic-tectonic interaction at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, revealed from slow slip events, Chap. 13 of Carey, R., Cayol, V., Poland, M., and Weis, D., eds., Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface, AGU Monograph 208, p. 269–288, doi:10.1002/9781118872079.ch13.
67. Johnson, J.H., Swanson, D.A., Roman, D., Poland, M.P., and Thelen, W., 2015, Crustal stress and structure at Kīlauea Volcano inferred from seismic anisotropy, Chap. 12 of Carey, R., Cayol, V., Poland, M., and Weis, D., eds., Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface, AGU Monograph 208, p. 251–268, doi:10.1002/9781118872079.ch12.
66. Anderson, K.R., Poland, M.P., Johnson, J.H., and Miklius, A., 2015, Episodic deflation-inflation events at Kīlauea Volcano and implications for the shallow magma system, Chap. 11 of Carey, R., Cayol, V., Poland, M., and Weis, D., eds., Hawaiian volcanoes, from source to Surface, AGU Monograph 208, p. 229–250, doi:10.1002/9781118872079.ch11.
65. Carey, R., Cayol, V., Poland, M., and Weis, D. (eds.), 2015, Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface, AGU Monograph 208, 582 pp.
64. Teasdale, R., Kraft, K., and Poland, M.P., 2015, Using near-real-time monitoring data from Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent at Kīlauea Volcano for training and educational purposes: Journal of Applied Volcanology, vol. 4, no. 1, article 11, doi:10.1186/s13617-015-0026-x.
63. Poland, M.P., Miklius, A., and Montgomery-Brown, E.K., 2014, Magma supply, storage, and transport at shield-stage Hawaiian volcanoes, chap. 5 of Poland, M.P., Takahashi, T.J., and Landowski, C.M., eds., Characteristics of Hawaiian Volcanoes, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1801, p. 179 – 234, doi:10.3133/pp18015.
62. Poland, M.P., Takahashi, T.J., and Landowski, C.M., eds., 2014, Characteristics of Hawaiian volcanoes: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1801, 429 p., doi:10.3133/pp1801.
61. Pinel, V., Poland, M., and Hooper, A., 2014, Volcanology: Lessons learned from Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 289, p. 81–113, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.010.
60. Poland, M.P., and Orr, T.R., 2014, Identifying hazards associated with lava deltas: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 76, no. 12, article 880, doi:10.1007/s00445-014-0880-0.
59. Bagnardi, M., Poland, M.P., Carbone, D., Baker, S., Battaglia, M., and Amelung, F., 2014, Gravity changes and deformation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai ‘i, associated with summit eruptive activity, 2009–2012: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 119, no. 9. p. 7288–7305, doi:10.1002/2014JB011506.
58. Poland, M.P., 2014, Contrasting volcanism in Hawaii and the Galápagos, chap 2. of Harpp, K. S., Mittelstaedt, E., d’Ozouville, N., and Graham, D.W., eds., The Galapagos; A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences, AGU Monograph 204: Washington, DC, American Geophysical Union, p. 5–26.
57. Poland, M.P., 2014, Time‐averaged discharge rate of subaerial lava at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai ‘i, measured from TanDEM‐X interferometry: Implications for magma supply and storage during 2011–2013: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 119, no. 7, p. 5464–5481, doi:10.1002/2014JB011132.
56. Wauthier, C., Roman, D.C., and Poland, M.P., 2013, Moderate-magnitude earthquakes induced by magma reservoir inflation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 20, p. 5366–5370, doi: 10.1002/2013GL058082.
55. Wauthier, C., Cayol, V., Poland, M., Kervyn, F., d'Oreye, N., Hooper, A., Samsonov, S., Tiampo, K., and Smets, B., 2013, Nyamulagira's magma plumbing system inferred from 15 years of InSAR, in Pyle, D.M., Mather, T.A., and Biggs, J. eds., Remote Sensing of Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes: Integrating Observation and Modelling, Geological Society of London Special Publication 380, p. 39–65, doi:10.1144/SP380.9.
54. Bagnardi, M., Amelung, F., and Poland, M.P., 2013, A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos Islands: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 377–378, p. 358-366, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.016.
53. Carbone, D., Poland, M.P., Patrick, M.R., and Orr, T.R., 2013, Continuous gravity measurements reveal a low-density lava lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 376, p. 178–185, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.024.
52. Plattner, C., Amelung, F., Baker, S., Govers, R., and Poland, M., 2013, The role of viscous magma mush spreading in volcanic flank motion at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Journal of Geophysical Research, v 118, no. 5, p. 2474–2487, doi:10.1002/jgrb.50194.
51. Richter, N., Poland, M.P., and Lundgren, P.R., 2013, TerraSAR-X interferometry reveals small-scale deformation associated with the summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1279–1283, doi:10.1002/grl.50286.
50. Johnson, J.H., and Poland, M.P., 2013, Seismic detection of increased degassing prior to Kīlauea's 2008 summit explosion: Nature Communications, v. 4, no. 4, 1668, doi: doi:10.1038/ncomms2703.
49. Lundgren, P., Poland, M., Miklius, A., Orr, T., Yun, S.-H., Fielding, E., Liu, Z., Tanaka, A., Szeliga, W., Hensley, S., and Owen, S., 2013, Evolution of dike opening during the March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 118, no. 3, p. 897–914, doi:10.1002/jgrb.50108.
48. Poland, M.P., Okubo, P.G., and Hon, K., 2013, Exploring Hawaiian volcanism: EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 94, no. 7, p. 72, doi: 10.1002/2013EO070005.
47. Gonnermann, H.M., Foster, J.H., Poland, M.P., Wolfe, C.J., Brooks, B.A., and Miklius, A., 2012, Coupling at Mauna Loa and Kīlauea via pore pressure in an asthenospheric melt layer: Nature Geoscience, v. 5, no. 11, p. 826–829 , doi: 10.1038/ngeo1612.
46. Carbone, D., and Poland, M.P., 2012, Gravity fluctuations induced by magma convection at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Geology, v. 40, no. 7, p. 803–806, doi:10.1130/G33060.1.
45. Dietterich, H.R., Poland, M.P., Schmidt, D.A., Cashman, K.V., Sherrod, D.R., and Espinosa, A.T., 2012, Tracking lava flow emplacement on the east rift zone of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi with synthetic aperture radar coherence: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G3), v. 13, Q05001, 17 p., doi:10.1029/2011GC004016.
44. Poland, M.P., Miklius, A., Sutton, A.J., and Thornber, C.R., 2012, A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003-2007: Nature Geoscience, v. 5, no. 4, p. 295-300.
43. Dzurisin, D., Wicks, C. W., and Poland, M.P., 2012, History of Surface Displacements at the Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming, from Leveling Surveys and InSAR Observations, 1923–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1788, 68 pp.
42. Kauahikaua, J., and Poland, M., 2012, One Hundred Years of Volcano Monitoring in Hawaii: EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 3, p. 29-30.
41. Chadwick Jr., W.W., Jónsson, S., Geist, D.J., Poland, M.P., Johnson, D.J., Batt, S., Harpp, K.S., and Ruiz, A., 2011, The May 2005 eruption of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos: The first circumferential dike intrusion observed by GPS and InSAR: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 6, p. 679-697.
40. Fee, D., Garces, M., Orr, T., and Poland, M., 2011, Infrasound from the 2007 fissure eruptions of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, L06309, doi:10.1029/2010GL046422.
39. Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Sinnett, D.K., Larson, K.M., Poland, M.P., Segall, P., and Miklius, A., 2011, Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 116, B03401, doi:10.1029/2010JB007762.
38. Poland, M.P., van der Hoeven Kraft, K., and Teasdale, R., 2011, Volcanology Curricula Development Aided by Online Educational Resource: EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 12, p. 101.
37. Crider, J. G., Frank, D., Malone, S.D., Poland, M.P., Werner, C., and Caplan-Auerbach, J., 2011, Magma at depth: A retrospective analysis of the 1975 unrest at Mount Baker, Washington, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 175-189.
36. Jung, H.-S., Lu, Z., Won, J.-S., Poland, M., and Miklius, A., 2011, Mapping three-dimensional surface deformation by combining multiple aperture interferometry and conventional interferometry: application to the June 2007 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii: IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Letters, v. 8, no. 1, p. 34-38.
35. Johnson, D.J., Eggers, A.A., Bagnardi, M., Battaglia, M., Poland, M.P., and Miklius, A., 2010, Shallow magma accumulation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i, revealed by microgravity surveys: Geology. v. 38, no. 12, p. 1139-1142.
34. Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Sinnett, D.K., Poland, M., Segall, P., Orr, T., Zebker, H., and Miklius, A., 2010, Geodetic evidence for en echelon dike emplacement and concurrent slow-slip during the June 2007 intrusion and eruption at Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, B07405, doi:10.1029/2009JB006658.
33. Larson, K.M., Poland, M., and Miklius, A., 2010, Volcano monitoring using GPS: developing data analysis strategies based on the June 2007 Kilauea Volcano intrusion and eruption: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, B07405, doi:10.1029/2009JB006658.
32. Poland, M.P., 2010, Localized surface disruptions observed by InSAR during strong earthquakes in Java and Hawai‘i: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 100, no. 2, p. 532-540.
31. Poland, M.P., Miklius, A., Wilson, D., Okubo, P., Montgomery-Brown, E., Segall, P., Brooks, B., Foster, J., Wolfe, C., Syracuse, E., and Thurber, C., 2010, Slow slip event at Kīlauea Volcano: EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 91, no. 13, p. 118-119.
30. Poland, M., 2010, Learning to recognize volcanic non-eruptions: Geology, v. 38, no. 3, p. 287-288.
29. Smith, J.G., Dehn, J., Hoblitt, R.P., LaHusen, R.G., Lowenstern, J.B., Moran, S.C., McClelland, L., McGee, K.A., Nathenson, M., Okubo, P.G., Pallister, J.S., Poland, M.P., Power, J.A., Schneider, D.J., and Sisson, T.W., 2009, Volcano monitoring, chap 12. of Young, R., and Norby, L., eds., Geological Monitoring: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, p. 273–305.
28. Werner, C., Evans, W.C., Poland, M., Tucker, D., Doukas, M., 2009, A stalled intrusion at Mt. Baker volcano, Washington, USA; Geochemical changes in quiescent degassing since 1974: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 186, no. 3-4, p. 279-286.
27. Poland, M.P., Sutton, A.J., and Gerlach, T.M., 2009, Magma degassing triggered by static decompression at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Geophysical Research Lettersv. 36, L16306, doi:10.1029/2009GL039214.
26. Major, J.J., Dzurisin, D., Schilling, S.P., and Poland, M.P., 2009, Monitoring lava-dome growth during the 2004-08 Mount St. Helens, Washington, eruption using oblique terrestrial photography: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 286, no. 1-2, p. 243-254.
25. Poland, M.P., and Lu, Z., 2008, Radar interferometry observations of surface displacements during pre- and coeruptive periods at Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1992–2005, chap. 18 of Sherrod, D.R., Scott, W.E., and Stauffer, P.H., eds., A volcano rekindled; the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004–2006: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750, p. 361-382.
24. Dzurisin, D., Lisowski, M., Poland, M.P., Sherrod, D.R., and LaHusen, R.G., 2008, Constraints and conundrums resulting from ground-deformation measurements made during the 2004–2005 dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, chap. 14 of Sherrod, D.R., Scott, W.E., and Stauffer, P.H., eds., A volcano rekindled; the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004–2006: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750,p. 281-300.
23. Major, J.J., Kingsbury, C.G., Poland, M.P., and LaHusen, R.G., 2008, Extrusion rate of the Mount St. Helens lava dome estimated from terrestrial imagery, November 2004–December 2005, chap. 12 of Sherrod, D.R., Scott, W.E., and Stauffer, P.H., eds., A volcano rekindled; the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004–2006: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750, p. 237-255.
22. Poland, M.P., Dzurisin, D., LaHusen, R.G., Major, J.J., Lapcewich, D., Endo, E.T., Gooding, D.J., Schilling, S.P., and Janda, C.G., 2008, Remote camera observations of lava dome growth at Mount St. Helens, Washington, October 2004 to February 2006, chap. 11 of Sherrod, D.R., Scott, W.E., and Stauffer, P.H., eds., A volcano rekindled; the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004–2006: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750, p. 225-236.
21. Casu, F., Solaro, G., Tizzani, P., Poland, M., Miklius, A., Sansosti, E., and Lanari, R., 2008, Surface deformation analysis of the Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes, Hawai‘i, based on InSAR displacement time series: Second workshop on USE of Remote Sensing Techniques (USEReST) for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas, IEEE Conference Publications Program, doi: 10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740368, 4 pp.
20. Williams-Jones, G., Rymer, H., Mauri, G., Gottsmann, J., Poland, M., and Carbone, D., 2008, Towards continuous 4D microgravity monitoring of volcanoes: Geophysics, v. 73, no. 6, p. WA19-WA28.
19. Brooks, B.A., Foster, J., Sandwell, D., Wolfe, C., Okubo, P., Poland, M., and Myer, D., 2008, Magmatically Triggered Slow-Slip at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i: Science, v. 321, no. 5893, p. 1177.
18. Moran, S.C., Freymueller, J.T., LaHusen, R.G., McGee, K.A., Poland, M.P., Power, J.A., Schmidt, D.A., Schneider, D.J., Stephens, G., Werner, C.A., and White, R.A., 2008, Instrumentation recommendations for volcano monitoring at U.S. volcanoes under the National Volcano Early Warning System: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5114, 47 p.
17. Jonsson, S., Chadwick, W., Poland, M.P., and Geist, D., 2008, Deformation and Stress-Change Modeling at Sierra Negra Volcano, Galapagos, from Envisat InSAR and GPS Observations: Proceedings of the FRINGE Workshop, Frascati, Italy, 26–30 November 2007, ESA SP-649, 5 pp.
16. Poland, M.P., 2008, InSAR observations of deformation associated with new episodes of volcanism at Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i, 2007: Proceedings of the FRINGE Workshop, Frascati, Italy, 26–30 November 2007, ESA SP-649, 7 pp.
15. Decker, R., Okamura, A., Miklius, A., and Poland, M., 2008, Evolution of deformation studies on active Hawaiian volcanoes: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5090, 23 pp
14. Poland, M.P., Moats, W.P., and Fink, J.H., 2008, Radial dike emplacement in stratovolcanoes based on observations from the eroded Summer Coon volcano, southern Colorado: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 70, no. 7, p. 861-875.
13. Geist, D.J., Harpp, K.S., Naumann T.R., Poland, M.P., Chadwick, W.W., Hall, M., and Rader, E., 2008, The 2005 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos, Ecuador: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 70, no. 6, p. 655-673.
12. Poland, M., Miklius, A., Orr, T., Sutton, J. Thornber, C., and Wilson, D., 2008, New episodes of volcanism at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 89, no. 5, p. 37-38.
11. Poland, M.P., 2007, ASAR images a diverse set of deformation patterns at Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i, in Lacoste, H., and Ouwehand, L., eds., ENVISAT Symposium 2007, Proceedings, Montreux, Switzerland, Apr. 23–27, 2007: Noordwijk, The Netherlands, ESA Communication Production Office, ESA SP-636, 6 p.
10. Yun, S.-H., Zebker, H., Segall, P., Hooper, A., and Poland, M.P., 2007, Interferogram formation in the presence of complex and large deformation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 12, doi:10.1029/2007GL029745.
9. Chadwick Jr., W.W., Geist, D., Jónsson, S., Poland, M.P., Johnson, D., and Meertens, C., 2006, A volcano bursting at the seams; Inflation, faulting, and eruption at Sierra Negra Volcano, Galápagos: Geology, v. 34, no. 12, p. 1025-1028.
8. Poland, M.P., 2006, InSAR captures rifting and volcanism in East Africa: Alaska Satellite Facility News and Notes, v. 3, n. 2, p. 1, 3.
7. Poland, M.P., Burgmann, R., Dzurisin, D., Lisowski, M., Masterlark, T., Owen, S., and Fink, J.H., 2006, Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 150, p. 55-78.
6. Dzurisin, D., Lisowski, M., Wicks Jr., C.W., Poland, M.P., and Endo, E.T., 2006, Geodetic observations and modeling of magmatic inflation at the Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon Cascade Range, USA: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 150, p. 35-54.
5. Poland, M.P., Hamburger, M., and Newman, A., 2006, The changing shapes of active volcanoes; History, evolution, and future challenges for volcano geodesy: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 150, p. 1-13.
4. Poland, M.P., Fink, J.H., and Tauxe, L., 2004, Patterns of magma flow in segmented silicic dikes at Summer Coon volcano, Colorado—AMS and thin section analysis: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 219, p. 155-169.
3. Dzurisin, D., Poland, M.P., and Bürgmann, R., 2002, Steady subsidence of Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, revealed by repeated leveling surveys: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, n. B12, 2372, doi:10.1029/2001JB000893.
2. Poland, M. P., 2001, Determining the stress regime in a volcanic edifice from igneous intrusions and deformation measurements: Ph. D. Dissertation, Arizona State University, 384 p.
1. Poland, M., 1998, Crustal subsidence and extension and Medicine Lake volcano, northern California: Explorations, An Undergraduate Research Journal of the University of California, Davis, v. 1, p. 19-40.
Science and Products
Optimizing satellite resources for the global assessment and mitigation of volcanic hazards
A vast number of the world’s volcanoes are unmonitored by ground-based sensors, yet constitute an important hazard to nearby residents and infrastructure, as well as air travel and the global economy. Satellite data provide a cost-effective means of tracking activity at such volcanoes. Unfortunately, satellite acquisitions are not optimized for application to volcano hazards, in part because...
Interseismic quiescence and triggered slip of active normal faults of Kīlauea Volcano’s south flank during 2001-2018
The mobile south flank of Kīlauea Volcano hosts two normal fault systems, the Koa'e fault system (KFS) and the Hilina fault system (HFS). In historical time, at least three M>6.5 earthquakes have occurred on the basal detachment of the Kīlauea Volcano's south flank, with the most recent being the 4 May 2018 M6.9 earthquake. Here we analyze...
Wang, Kang; MacArthur, Hayden; Johanson, Ingrid; Montgomery-brown, Emily; Poland, Michael P.; Cannon, Eric; d'Alessio, Matthew; Bürgmann, Roland The 2017-19 activity at Mount Agung in Bali (Indonesia): Intense unrest, monitoring, crisis response, evacuation, and eruption
After 53 years of quiescence, Mount Agung awoke in August 2017, with intense seismicity, measurable ground deformation, and thermal anomalies in the summit crater. Although the seismic unrest peaked in late September and early October, the volcano did not start erupting until 21 November. The most intense explosive eruptions with accompanying...
Syahbana, D.K.; Kasbani, K.; Suantika, G.; Prambada, O.; Andreas, A.; Saing, U.; Kunrat, S.; Andreastuti, S.L.; Martanto, S.; Kriswati, E.; Suparman, Y.; Humaida, H.; Ogburn, Sarah E.; Kelly, Peter J.; Wellik, John; Wright, Heather; Pesicek, Jeremy D.; Wessels, Rick; Kern, Christoph; Lisowski, Michael; Diefenbach, Angela K.; Poland, Michael P.; Francois Beauducel; Vaughan, R. Greg; Pallister, John S.; Lowenstern, Jacob B. Modulation of seismic activity in Kīlauea’s Upper East Rift Zone by summit pressurization
Kīlauea Volcano is underlain by a complex, laterally-extensive magmatic plumbing system. Although in recent decades it has mainly erupted through vents along the middle East Rift Zone and summit caldera, eruptions can occur anywhere along its two laterally extensive rift zones, as demonstrated by the dramatic eruptive activity of 2018. Forecasting...
Wauthier, Christelle; Roman, Diana C.; Poland, Michael P. Assessing seasonal changes in microgravity at Yellowstone caldera
Microgravity time series at active volcanoes can provide an indication of mass change related to subsurface magmatic processes, but uncertainty is often introduced by hydrologic variations and other noise sources that cannot easily be isolated. We empirically assessed seasonality and noise by conducting four surveys over the course of May-October...
Poland, Michael P.; de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, Elske A cautionary tale of topography and tilt from Kilauea Caldera
We conduct finite element analysis to investigate the effect of sharp topography on surface ground deformation caused by pressure changes in a magma reservoir. Tilt data express the horizontal gradient of vertical displacement and therefore can emphasize small variations in deformation that go unnoticed using other methods. We find that the...
Johnson, Jessica A.; Poland, Michael P.; Anderson, Kyle R.; Biggs, Juliet Space-based imaging radar studies of U.S. volcanoes
The arrival of space-based imaging radar as a revolutionary land-surface mapping and monitoring tool little more than a quarter century ago enabled a spate of innovative volcano research worldwide. Soon after launch of European Space Agency’s ERS-1 spacecraft in 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey began SAR and InSAR studies of volcanoes in the...
Dzurisin, Daniel; Lu, Zhong; Poland, Michael P.; Wicks, Charles W. The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kilauea Volcano
In 2018, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years. After collapse of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 km. A 4 May earthquake (M6.9) produced ~5 m of fault slip. Lava...
Neal, Christina A.; Brantley, Steven; Antolik, Loren; Babb, Janet; Burgess, Matthew K.; Cappos, Michael; Chang, Jefferson; Conway, Sarah; Desmither, Liliana; Dotray, Peter; Elias, Tamar; Fukunaga, Pauline; Fuke, Steven; Johanson, Ingrid; Kamibayashi, Kevan; Kauahikaua, James P.; Lee, R. Lopaka; Pekalib, S.; Miklius, Asta; Shiro, Brian; Swanson, Don; Nadeau, Patricia; Zoeller, Michael H.; Okubo, P.; Parcheta, Carolyn; Patrick, Matthew R.; Tollett, William; Trusdell, Frank A.; Younger, Edward (Frank); Montgomery-brown, Emily; Anderson, Kyle R.; Poland, Michael P.; Ball, Jessica L.; Bard, Joseph A.; Coombs, Michelle L.; Dietterich, Hannah R.; Kern, Christoph; Thelen, Weston; Cervelli, Peter; Orr, Tim R.; Houghton, Bruce F.; Gansecki, Cheryl; Hazlett, Richard; Lundgren, Paul; Diefenbach, Angela K.; Lerner, Allan; Waite, Greg; Kelly, Peter J.; Clor, Laura E.; Werner, Cynthia; Burgess, Matthew; Mulliken, Katherine; Fisher, Gary Thermal, deformation, and degassing remote sensing time-series (A.D. 2000-2017) at the 47 most active volcanoes in Latin America: Implications for volcanic systems
Volcanoes are hazardous to local and global populations, but only a fraction are continuously monitored by ground-based sensors. For example, in Latin America, more than 60% of Holocene volcanoes are unmonitored, meaning long-term multi-parameter datasets of volcanic activity are rare and sparse. We use satellite observations of degassing, thermal...
Reath, Kevin; Pritchard, Matthew; Poland, Michael P.; Delgado, F.; Carn, S.; Coppola, D.; Andrews, B. J.; Ebmeier, S.K.; Rumpf, Mary (Elise); Henderson, S.; Baker, S.; Lundgren, P.; Wright, R. Erik; Biggs, J.; Lopez, T.; Wauthier, C.; Moruzzi, S.; Alcott, A.; Wessels, Rick; Griswold, Julia P.; Ogburn, Sarah E.; Loughlin, S. C.; Meyer, F.; Vaughan, R. Greg; Bagnardi, M. Magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, from inception to now: Historical perspective, current state of knowledge, and future challenges
Meticulous field observations are a common underpinning of two landmark studies conducted by Don Swanson dealing with the rate at which magma is supplied to Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. The first combined effusion rate and ground deformation observations to show that the supply rate to Kīlauea was constant at ~0.11 km3/yr during three sustained...
Dzurisin, Daniel; Poland, Michael P. Towards coordinated regional multi-satellite InSAR volcano observations: Results from the Latin America pilot project
Within Latin America, about 319 volcanoes have been active in the Holocene, but 202 of these volcanoes have no seismic, deformation or gas monitoring. Following the 2012 Santorini Report on satellite Earth Observation and Geohazards, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) developed a 4-year pilot project (2013-2017) to demonstrate...
Pritchard, Matthew; Biggs, Juliet; Wauthier, Christelle; Sansosti, Eugenio; Arnold, David W. D.; Delgado, Francisco; Ebmeier, Susanna; Henderson, Scott; Stephens, Kristen; Cooper, C.; Wnuk, Kendall; Amelung, Falk; Aguilar, Victor Rivera; Mothes, Patricia; Macedo, Orlando; Lara, Luis E.; Poland, Michael P.; Zoffoli, Simona Continuous gravity and tilt reveal anomalous pressure and density changes associated with gas pistoning within the summit lava lake of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi
Gas piston events within the summit eruptive vent of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, are characterized by increases in lava level and by decreases in seismic energy release, spattering, and degassing. During 2010–2011, gas piston events were especially well manifested, with lava level rises of tens of meters over the course of several hours, followed by...
Poland, Michael P.; Carbone, Daniele Mass addition at Mount St. Helens, Washington, inferred from repeated gravity surveys
Measurements of subtle changes in the Earth’s gravityfield can provideinformation on the addition/loss of mass (e.g., magma or aqueousfluids) beneath a volcano. In this study, wemeasured gravity at Mount St. Helens from 2010 to 2016 to investigate possible mass changes followingthe 2004–2008 dome-forming eruption. The raw gravity measurements were...
Battaglia, Maurizio; Lisowski, Michael; Dzurisin, Daniel; Poland, Michael P.; Schilling, Steve; Diefenbach, Angela K.; Wynn, Jeff
Yellowstone Monthly Update - June 2020
Yellowstone Volcano remains at GREEN/NORMAL. Yellowstone National Park is open and seasonal field work began last month. The University of Utah Seismograph Stations located 288 earthquakes in May that occurred as part of three swarms. Ground deformation remains unchanged from last month.
Aftershocks? Swarm? What is the difference, and what do they mean?
In Yellowstone, we often talk about earthquake swarms. But especially in recent weeks, we’ve also discussed aftershock sequences. What is the difference? And what to these different types of seismic events mean?
Yellowstone's newest thermal area: An up-close and personal visit!
USGS and Yellowstone National Park scientists visited a newly discovered thermal site in the park. They mapped the extent of the area and took the temperature of the subsurface using a handheld thermistor.
Tis the season…for field work in Yellowstone!
The month of May marks the start of many field studies for scientists affiliated with the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO).
How can we better monitor Yellowstone's dynamic hydrothermal system?
Yellowstone Volcano Observatory staff gathered in Bozeman, Montana to discuss how to better monitor changes in the thermal areas of Yellowstone National Park.
Is gravity changing at Yellowstone?
In high school physics, we are taught that gravity is a constant—9.8 meters per second squared is the gravitational acceleration on Earth, and it is the same everywhere. But that's not quite true...the gravitational acceleration changes depending on elevation, and also the composition of the ground beneath your feet. Because of that, it's a great tool for monitoring volcanic activity!
"Overdue" can apply to library books, bills, and oil changes, but it does not apply to Yellowstone!
We've heard many statements that Yellowstone is overdue -- that it has a major eruption every 600,000 years on average, and since the last eruption was 631,000 years ago...well...you can see where this is going. Is this true? In a word, no. In two words, no way. In three words, not even close. Yellowstone doesn't work that way.
Yellowstone — the year 2018 in review
Yellowstone Caldera Chronicles is a weekly column written by scientists and collaborators of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory. This week's contribution is from Michael Poland, geophysicist with the U.S. Geological Survey and Scientist-in-Charge of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory.
Volcano Watch — How does the current activity at Kīlauea caldera stack up against those of other volcanoes worldwide?
We are currently witnessing extraordinary events at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano. For weeks the summit has subsided both in a continuous fashion and in incremental and jolting drops. As Kīlauea is being reshaped before our eyes, how does the current activity compare to similar collapses at other volcanoes in the world, or even to previous collapses at Kīlauea.
Steamboat Counter
Steamboat Geyser, in the Norris Geyser Basin, appears to have entered a phase of more frequent water eruptions, much like it did in the 1960s and early 1980s. Although these eruptions do not have any implications for future volcanic activity at Yellowstone (after all, geysers are supposed to erupt, and most are erratic, like Steamboat), they are nonetheless spectacular.
International Volcano Science Meeting in Portland
Join volcano scientists from around the world during scientific meeting and associated public event in Portland.