Roy Sando
Roy Sando is a Supervisory Research Physical Scientist working with the Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center in Helena, Montana. He started working with the USGS in 2011 after getting a Master's degree in Geography at Kansas State University (2011). Prior to that, he completed his Bachelor's degree in both Geography and GIS at South Dakota State University (2008).
Roy's research interests include understanding and modeling the mechanisms of streamflow permanence, using data mining techniques to develop novel predictors of streamflow permanence and other hydrologic phenomena, using remote sensing techniques to estimate consumptive water use from irrigation, and exploring new ways to visualize geospatial data.
Key projects Roy has worked on include:
- PRObability of Streamflow PERmanence (PROSPER)
- Primary Investigator – Develop predictive models to estimate the annual probability that a particular location along streams in the Pacific Northwest will retain year-round streamflow.
- Assessment of water use associated with unconventional oil and gas development
- Task Lead – Worked as part of the modeling team to build and publish a conceptual model for quantifying water use associated with unconventional oil and gas. Additionally, constructed statistical models to predict water use associated with unconventional oil and gas under varying conditions.
- Channel-width regression equations
- Task Lead –Develop statistical equations to predict flood frequencies at ungaged locations using remotely-sensed channel width characteristics.
- National Groundwater Availability Studies spatial data archiving
- Team member – Review spatial datasets associated with groundwater availability studies and prepare them for publication
- Spatial analysis of nutrient inputs to Fish Creek watershed, Wyoming
- Task Lead – Compile and conduct spatial analysis on datasets representing sources of nutrient inputs. Create a grid of nutrient input intensities
- Salish-Kootenai College GIS/remote sensing training
- Primary Investigator – Develop training materials for introductory through advanced GIS courses at the Salish-Kootenai College
- Estimating streamflow at ungaged locations using flood frequency regressions
- Task Lead – Develop regression equations for use in determining streamflow and flood frequency estimates at ungaged locations throughout Montana and surrounding area
- Eastern Montana future fisheries modeling
- Task Lead – Estimate streamflow at ungaged fish sampling sites throughout eastern Montana for current and future climate scenarios
- Williston and Powder River (WaPR) Basin groundwater availability
- GIS specialist for project – Major tasks included a primary role in building and visualizing the 3-dimensional hydrogeologic framework, estimating unit boundaries based on geospatial statistical analyses, and organizing and archiving multiple datasets
- Smith River watershed hydrologic budget
- Task Lead – Use remote sensing techniques to estimate evapotranspiration in the Smith River watershed of central Montana
- Predicting Alpine Headwater Stream Intermittency
- Task Lead – Collect and analyze environmental, geological,
Science and Products
Development of a Surface Water Index of Permanence (SWIPe) Database to Assess Surface Water Availability for Ecohydrological Refugia
Using Satellite Imagery to Estimate Consumptive Water Use from Irrigated Lands in the Milk River Basin, United States and Canada
Building a framework to compute continuous grids of basin characteristics for the conterminous United States
StreamStats in Montana and Wyoming
Geospatial Research and Development to Understand Hydrologic Processes
Probability of Streamflow Permanence (PROSPER)
Field-Verified Irrigated Lands Dataset in the Milk River Basin of Montana and Alberta, 2021 and 2022 Field-Verified Irrigated Lands Dataset in the Milk River Basin of Montana and Alberta, 2021 and 2022
U.S. Streamflow Drought During the Last Century: annual drought and low flow metrics, annual climate, and trends for the periods 1921-, 1951- and 1981-2020 (ver. 1.1, August 2025) U.S. Streamflow Drought During the Last Century: annual drought and low flow metrics, annual climate, and trends for the periods 1921-, 1951- and 1981-2020 (ver. 1.1, August 2025)
Reach-scale predicted annual streamflow permanence probabilities, predicted monthly mean stream temperature for August, and predicted monthly streamflow discharge for stream reaches in the Pacific Northwest, USA (2004-2015) (ver. 2.0, January 2023) Reach-scale predicted annual streamflow permanence probabilities, predicted monthly mean stream temperature for August, and predicted monthly streamflow discharge for stream reaches in the Pacific Northwest, USA (2004-2015) (ver. 2.0, January 2023)
Drainage-basin characteristics associated with road and stream intersections in Montana Drainage-basin characteristics associated with road and stream intersections in Montana
Flow-Conditioned Parameter Grids for the Contiguous United States: A Pilot, Seamless Basin Characteristic Dataset Flow-Conditioned Parameter Grids for the Contiguous United States: A Pilot, Seamless Basin Characteristic Dataset
Attributions for nonstationary peak streamflow records across the conterminous United States, 1941-2015 and 1966-2015 Attributions for nonstationary peak streamflow records across the conterminous United States, 1941-2015 and 1966-2015
Peak streamflow trends in Montana and northern Wyoming and their relation to changes in climate, water years 1921–2020 Peak streamflow trends in Montana and northern Wyoming and their relation to changes in climate, water years 1921–2020
Advancing the science of headwater streamflow for global water protection Advancing the science of headwater streamflow for global water protection
Introduction and methods of analysis for peak streamflow trends and their relation to changes in climate in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin Introduction and methods of analysis for peak streamflow trends and their relation to changes in climate in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin
Development of a Surface-Water Index of Permanence to assess surface-water availability for ecohydrological refugia Development of a Surface-Water Index of Permanence to assess surface-water availability for ecohydrological refugia
Regional streamflow drought forecasting in the Colorado River Basin using Deep Neural Network models Regional streamflow drought forecasting in the Colorado River Basin using Deep Neural Network models
Predicting probabilities of late summer surface flow presence in a glaciated mountainous headwater region Predicting probabilities of late summer surface flow presence in a glaciated mountainous headwater region
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
Development of a Surface Water Index of Permanence (SWIPe) Database to Assess Surface Water Availability for Ecohydrological Refugia
Using Satellite Imagery to Estimate Consumptive Water Use from Irrigated Lands in the Milk River Basin, United States and Canada
Building a framework to compute continuous grids of basin characteristics for the conterminous United States
StreamStats in Montana and Wyoming
Geospatial Research and Development to Understand Hydrologic Processes
Probability of Streamflow Permanence (PROSPER)
Field-Verified Irrigated Lands Dataset in the Milk River Basin of Montana and Alberta, 2021 and 2022 Field-Verified Irrigated Lands Dataset in the Milk River Basin of Montana and Alberta, 2021 and 2022
U.S. Streamflow Drought During the Last Century: annual drought and low flow metrics, annual climate, and trends for the periods 1921-, 1951- and 1981-2020 (ver. 1.1, August 2025) U.S. Streamflow Drought During the Last Century: annual drought and low flow metrics, annual climate, and trends for the periods 1921-, 1951- and 1981-2020 (ver. 1.1, August 2025)
Reach-scale predicted annual streamflow permanence probabilities, predicted monthly mean stream temperature for August, and predicted monthly streamflow discharge for stream reaches in the Pacific Northwest, USA (2004-2015) (ver. 2.0, January 2023) Reach-scale predicted annual streamflow permanence probabilities, predicted monthly mean stream temperature for August, and predicted monthly streamflow discharge for stream reaches in the Pacific Northwest, USA (2004-2015) (ver. 2.0, January 2023)
Drainage-basin characteristics associated with road and stream intersections in Montana Drainage-basin characteristics associated with road and stream intersections in Montana
Flow-Conditioned Parameter Grids for the Contiguous United States: A Pilot, Seamless Basin Characteristic Dataset Flow-Conditioned Parameter Grids for the Contiguous United States: A Pilot, Seamless Basin Characteristic Dataset
Attributions for nonstationary peak streamflow records across the conterminous United States, 1941-2015 and 1966-2015 Attributions for nonstationary peak streamflow records across the conterminous United States, 1941-2015 and 1966-2015
Peak streamflow trends in Montana and northern Wyoming and their relation to changes in climate, water years 1921–2020 Peak streamflow trends in Montana and northern Wyoming and their relation to changes in climate, water years 1921–2020
Advancing the science of headwater streamflow for global water protection Advancing the science of headwater streamflow for global water protection
Introduction and methods of analysis for peak streamflow trends and their relation to changes in climate in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin Introduction and methods of analysis for peak streamflow trends and their relation to changes in climate in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin
Development of a Surface-Water Index of Permanence to assess surface-water availability for ecohydrological refugia Development of a Surface-Water Index of Permanence to assess surface-water availability for ecohydrological refugia
Regional streamflow drought forecasting in the Colorado River Basin using Deep Neural Network models Regional streamflow drought forecasting in the Colorado River Basin using Deep Neural Network models
Predicting probabilities of late summer surface flow presence in a glaciated mountainous headwater region Predicting probabilities of late summer surface flow presence in a glaciated mountainous headwater region
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.