Images

A look into the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center’s Marine Minerals Laboratory Suite.

Example Hydrotherm output. Hydrotherm is a three-dimensional simulation of multiphase groundwater flow and heat transport in the temperature range of 0 to 1200 degrees Celsius and the pressure range of 1 to 1000 MPa.

Screenshot of home page of story map.

Glow from an active ocean entry on Kīlauea Volcano's Kamokuna lava delta was visible on the evening of September 27, when the 2017 delta was near its maximum size of 8-10 acres. Since then, the edges of the delta began to crumble into the sea. With no lava entering the ocean since November, ocean waves slowly erode the lava delta, further reducing its size.

Channelized breakouts were active on the pali today, feeding a small ‘A‘ā flow moving through the remains of a small Kīpuka.

Thermal map of the 61g lava flow, created on December 12, 2017. The thermal map is limited to the current flow (episode 61g flow), which runs along the center of the map. The blue and green colors correspond to lower surface temperatures, areas of cooled, inactive lava.

An image from a Halema‘uma‘u time-lapse camera taken on December 5 at 4:41 am, just after the collapse. The portion of the rim that fell into the Halema‘uma‘u lava lake triggered intense spattering on the lake margin where the material impacted the lake.

Geologist examines spatter and ash deposits within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park along Kīlauea's southwest rift zone. New understanding of the age of the ash deposits, based on years of careful research, has prompted an important revision of the ages of these surface lava flows. USGS photograph by Tim Orr, November 6, 2015.

Illustration of the basic process of magma formation, movement to the surface, and eruption through a volcanic vent.

Scientists perform maintenance on volcano monitoring stations in the crater of Mount St. Helens.

The dark-colored ‘A‘ā flow advancing toward the South Kona coastal village of Ho‘ōpūloa (foreground) on April 17, 1926, is a reminder of why Island of Hawai‘i residents should be aware of the hazards posed by the volcanoes on which they live. This flow was fed by eruptive vents that opened high on Mauna Loa's Southwest Rift Zone three days earlier.

Mud Creek slide from south side of north upper terrace (above north and south berms). Note tension cracks and offset on the terrace to the north.

On Tuesday, December 5, while mapping the 61g lava flow field, HVO geologists found that the active breakouts closest to the emergency route were 1.8 km (1.1 miles) from the gravel road. This spiny pāhoehoe breakout was small, about one meter (yard) in size, and weak.

Video of an active breakout of the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō episode 61G lava flow. This breakout is below the pali on the eastern margin of the flow. pāhoehoe lava is flowing out from the base of an inflated tumulus, and has a characteristic blue tint to its surface crust (compared to the color of solidified lava around it).

Mount St. Helens, as viewed from the East-Northeast. The inside of the crater rim is just visible in the upper right of the mountain.

GeoGirls 2019

Photos of survey equipment used during surveys of the Elwha River delta, Washington, from 2010-2017, showing:

Aerial view of a bomb detonating on Mauna Loa near the 8500-foot elevation source of the 1935 lava flow on the morning of December 27, 1935. This was one of twenty 600-pound bombs dropped on the lava flow that morning by the Army Bombing Squadron from Luke Field, O‘ahu. Photo by Army Air Corps, 11th Photo Section.

Flooding on a road in Olympic National Park, Washington, on November 24, 2017.

Kīlauea Volcano's Kamokuna lava delta on October 6, 2017. Multiple streams of lava entering the ocean on both sides of the delta created small plumes of laze (lava haze). The visible part of the delta, which is deceptively stable, was built by many small lava flows accumulating on an unstable foundation of unconsolidated volcanic rock fragments. USGS photo by L.

Spattering is common in the summit lava lake, normally at one or more sites along the lake margin. A spattering area along the northeast lake margin on Friday, November 17, is shown here. The surface crust tends to flow into the spattering area, where it sinks.