Isabelle M Cozzarelli

Work experience

2017-present, Research Hydrologist, Water Mission Area Headquarters, Reston, VA

2004-2017: Project Chief, National Research Program, USGS, Reston, Virginia, USA

1985-2004: Research Hydrologist, National Research Program, USGS, Reston, Virginia, USA

1983-1985: Research Assistant, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

Education

University of Virginia, Environmental Sciences-Geochemistry, Ph.D. 1993

University of Virginia, Environmental Sciences-Geochemistry, MS 1986

University of Rochester, Geomechanics, BS 1983

Work Assignment

As a research hydrologist in the USGS Water Mission Area I conduct long-term research on the fate and geochemical effect of organic contaminants in surface and subsurface environments. I use a combined field and laboratory approach in a variety of hydrogeologic environments in order to meet these objectives.  I am currently a principal investigator for projects at unconventional oil and gas (UOG) drilling and disposal sites, the Bemidji, MN crude oil spill site and landfill-leachate and wastewater affected sites.  My research at these sites focuses on the long-term evolution of biogeochemical zones in the aquifers and the natural attenuation of contaminants.  The impact of chemical heterogeneity and the availability of electron acceptors on the extent of biodegradation have been a major thrust of my work.  I have also studied aquifers affected by creosote and gasoline releases, with an emphasis on understanding the fate of metabolites in shallow aquifers.

Adjunct Faculty, Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech 2016-present

Awards

2005 Elected GSA Fellow

2005 USGS Superior Service Award

2017 USGS Meritorious Service Award

Publications (for publications after 2017 see the pubs tab at the bottom of the page)

Cozzarelli, I. M., K. J. Skalak, D. B. Kent, M. A. Engle, A. Benthem, A. C. Mumford, K. Haase, A. Farag, D. Harper, S. C. Nagel, L. R. Iwanowicz, W. H. Orem, D. M. Akob, J. B. Jaeschke, J. Galloway, M. Kohler, D. L. Stoliker and G. D. Jolly, 2017,  Environmental signatures and effects of an oil and gas wastewater spill in the Williston Basin, North Dakota. Science of The Total Environment, 579, p. 1781-1793.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.157

Fahrenfeld, N. L.; Delos Reyes, H.; Eramo, A.; Akob, D. M.; Mumford, A. C., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 2017, Shifts in microbial community structure and function in surface waters impacted by unconventional oil and gas wastewater revealed by metagenomics. Science of The Total Environment, 580, p. 1205-1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.079

Akob, D. M., Mumford, A. C., Orem, W., Engle, M. A., Klinges, J. G., Kent, D. B., Cozzarelli, I. M., 2016, Wastewater disposal from unconventional oil and gas development degrades stream quality at a West Virginia injection facility. Environmental Science & Technology. v. 50 (11), p. 5517-5525. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.6b00428

Bekins, B. A., Cozzarelli, I. M., Erickson, M. L., Steenson, R. A. and Thorn, K. A. (2016), Crude Oil Metabolites in Groundwater at Two Spill Sites. Groundwater. 54 (5), p. 681-691. doi:10.1111/gwat.12419 [Link]

Cozzarelli, I. M., Schreiber, M. E., Erickson, M. L. and Ziegler, B. A., 2016, Arsenic Cycling in Hydrocarbon Plumes: Secondary Effects of Natural Attenuation. Groundwater. 54 (1), p. 35-45, doi: 10.1111/gwat.12316 [Link]

Kassotis, C. D.; Iwanowicz, L. R.; Akob, D. M.; Cozzarelli, I. M.; Mumford, A. C.; Orem, W. H., and Nagel, S. C., 2016, Endocrine disrupting activities of surface water associated with a West Virginia oil and gas industry wastewater disposal site. Science of The Total Environment. v. 557, p. 901-910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.113

Kent, D., Blondes, M., Cozzarelli, I., Geboy, N., LeBlanc, D., Ng, G., Repert, D., and Smith, R., 2016,  Sewage disposal, petroleum spills, eutrophic lakes, and wastewater from oil and gas production: Potential drivers of arsenic mobilization in the sub-surface. Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment (As2016), June 19-23, 2016, Stockholm, Sweden. CRC Press,  pp. 25.

McMahon, P.B., Kulongoski, J.T., Wright, M.T., Land, M.T., Landon, M.K., Cozzarelli, I.M., Vengosh, Avner, and Aiken, G.R., 2016, Preliminary results from exploratory sampling of wells for the California oil, gas, and groundwater program, 2014–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1100, 8 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161100.

Stamps, B.W., Lyles, C.N., Suflita, J.M., Masoner, J.R., Cozzarelli, I.M., Kolpin, D.W., and Stevenson, B. S.,  2016, Municipal solid waste landfills harbor distinct microbiomes. Frontiers in Microbiology v. 7, p. 534. doi:  10.3389/fmicb.2016.00534

Akob, D. M., I. M. Cozzarelli, D. S. Dunlap, E. L. Rowan and M. M. Lorah. 2015. Organic and Inorganic Composition and Microbiology of Produced Waters from Pennsylvania Shale Gas Wells. Applied Geochemistry,60, p. 116–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.011 [Link]

Masoner, J.R., Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Cozzarelli, I.M., Gray, J.L., 2015, Landfill leachate as a mirror of today's disposable society: Pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern in final leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 35 (4), p. 906–918, DOI: 10.1002/etc.3219.

Essaid, H. I., Bekins, B. A. and Cozzarelli, I. M., 2015, Organic contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface: Evolution of knowledge and understanding. Water Resour. Res.. 51 (7), p. 4861–4902. doi:10.1002/2015WR017121 [Link]

Kolpin, D.W., Masoner, J.R., Furlong, E.T., Cozzarelli, I.M., Gray, J.L., Schwab, E.A., 2015, Pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern in landfill leachate of the United States, Norman Bulletin, Issue 4, February 2015, p. 10-11. [Link]

Masoner, J.R., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2015, Spatial and temporal migration of a landfill leachate plume in alluvium,Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, Volume: 226, Issue 2, 1-15. [Link]

Ng, Crystal G.H., Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, M.J., Bennett, P.C., Amos, R.T., Herkelrath, W.N., 2015, Reactive Transport Modeling of Geochemical Controls on Secondary Water Quality Impacts at a Crude Oil Spill Site Near Bemidji, MN, Water Resources Research, 51 (6), p. 4156-4183, DOI:10.1002/2015WR016964.[Link]

Swindle, A., Cozzarelli, I. M., & Elwood Madden, A. S. , 2015. Using Chromate to Investigate the Impact of Natural Organics on the Surface Reactivity of Nanoparticulate Magnetite. Environmental Science & Technology.49 (4), pp 2156–2162. [Link]

Ziegler, B.A., Mcguire, J.T., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2015, Rates of As and trace element mobilization caused by Fe-reduction in mixed BTEX-ethanol experimental plumes, Environmental Science and Technology, 49 (22), p.13179−13189. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02341. [Link]

Bjerg, P. L., H.-J. Albrechtsen, P. Kjeldsen, T. H. Christensen and I. Cozzarelli, 2014, 11.16-The biogeochemistry of contaminant groundwater plumes arising from waste disposal facilities n Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition). In: H.D. Holland and K.K. Turekian (Editors). Elsevier, Oxford, p. 573–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00916-5

Cozzarelli, I.M., McKelvie, J.R. and Baehr, A.L., 2014. 11.12 - Volatile Hydrocarbons and Fuel Oxygenates in Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition). In: H.D. Holland and K.K. Turekian (Editors). Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 439-480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00912-8

Engle, M.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Smith, B.D., 2014, USGS investigations of water produced during hydrocarbon reservoir development: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014–3104, 4 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20143104. [Link]

Fahrenfeld, N., Cozzarelli, I. M., Bailey, Z., & Pruden, A., 2014. Insights into Biodegradation Through Depth-Resolved Microbial Community Functional and Structural Profiling of a Crude-Oil Contaminant Plume. Microbial Ecology, Volume 68, Issue 3, pp 453-462. [Link]

Lorah, M.M., Walker, C.W., Baker, A.C., Teunis, J.A., Majcher, E.H., Brayton, M.J., Raffensperger, J.P., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2014, Hydrogeologic characterization and assessment of bioremediation of chlorinated benzenes and benzene in wetland areas, Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. Superfund Site, New Castle County, Delaware, 2009–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5140, 89 p. [Link]

Masoner, J.R., D. W. Kolpin, E. T. Furlong, I. M. Cozzarelli, J. L. Gray and E. A. Schwab, 2014. Contaminants of emerging concern in fresh leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States. Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts., 16, 2335-2354. [Link]

Ng, G.-H. C., Bekins, B. A., Cozzarelli, I. M., Baedecker, M. J., Bennett, P. C., and Amos, R. T. , 2014. A Mass Balance Approach to Investigating Geochemical Controls on Secondary Water Quality Impacts at a Crude Oil Spill Site near Bemidji, MN. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 164, p. 1–15. [Link]

Swindle, A., A.S. Madden, I.M. Cozzarelli, and M. Benamara, 2014, Size-Dependent Reactivity of Magnetite Nanoparticles: A Field-Laboratory Comparison, Environmental Science & Technology, 48 (19), p. 11413-11420.[Link]

Mendoza-Sanchez, I., Phanikumar, M.S., Niu, J., Masoner, J.R., Cozzarelli, I.M., and McGuire, J.T., 2013, Quantifying wetland–aquifer interactions in a humid subtropical climate region: An integrated approach, Journal of Hydrology 498 (2013) 237–253. [Link]

Arora, B., Mohanty, B. P., McGuire, J. T., and Cozzarelli I. M., 2013, Temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes at the Norman landfill site. Water Resources Research Accepted manuscript online: 21 AUG 2013 05:55PM EST | DOI: 10.1002/wrcr.20484. [Link]

Andrews, W. J., Masoner, J. R. and Cozzarelli, I. M., 2012, Emerging Contaminants at a Closed and an Operating Landfill in Oklahoma. Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation, 32, p. 120–130. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01373.x [Link]

Zhang, C., Eganhouse, R.P., Pontolillo, J., Cozzarelli, I.M. and Wang, Y., 2012, Determination of nonylphenol isomers in landfill leachate and municipal wastewater using steam distillation extraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry., Journal of Chromatography A, 1230 (0), p. 110–116. [Link]

Amos, R. T., Bekins, B. A., Cozzarelli, I. M., Voytek, M. A., Kirshtein, J. D., Jones, E. J. P. and Blowes, D. W., 2012, Evidence for iron-mediated anaerobic methane oxidation in a crude oil-contaminated aquifer. Geobiology, 10, p. 506–517. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2012.00341.x [Link]

Lu Z., He Z., Parisi V. A., Kang S., Deng Y., Van Nostrand J. D., Masoner J. R., Cozzarelli I. M., Suflita J. M., Zhou J., 2012. GeoChip-based analysis of microbial functional gene diversity in a landfill leachate-contaminated aquifer. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, p. 5824–5833 [Link]

Cozzarelli, I.M., Böhlke, J. K., Masoner, J., Breit, G.N., Lorah, M. M., Tuttle, M.L.W., and Jaeschke, J.B., 2011, Biogeochemical Evolution of a Landfill Leachate Plume, Norman, Oklahoma, Ground Water, 49: 663–687. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00792.x The comprehensive analysis of plume geochemical evolution presented in this study forms the basis for understanding the transport of organic and inorganic compounds in complex contaminated systems and provides new dimensions to the framework for assessing the potential effectiveness of natural attenuation processes at other sites contaminated with leachate. By providing insight into the state of understanding in this field and laying out what challenges lie ahead for researchers as they tackle new problems this paper should help future investigators as they tackle critical remaining questions and regulators as they implement this science to benefit society. [Link]

Amos, R.T., Bekins, B.A., Delin, G.N., Cozzarelli, I.M., Blowes, D.W. and Kirshtein, J.D., 2011, Methane oxidation in a crude oil contaminated aquifer: Delineation of aerobic reactions at the plume fringes, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 125, p. 13–25.

Publications 2011 and Earlier:

Cozzarelli, I.M., Böhlke, J. K., Masoner, J., Breit, G.N., Lorah, M. M., Tuttle, M.L.W., and Jaeschke, J.B., 2011, Biogeochemical Evolution of a Landfill Leachate Plume, Norman, Oklahoma, Ground Water, pub. online: 11 FEB 2011, DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00792.x. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00792.x/pdf)

Kneeshaw, T. A.,  McGuire, J. T., Cozzarelli, I.M., Smith, E.W., Quantifying in situ sulfate reduction rates in response to geochemical perturbations, Ground Water, pub. online: 4 JAN 2011, no. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00782.x.

Cozzarelli, I.M., Bekins, B. A., Eganhouse, R. P., Warren, E., and Essaid, H.I., 2010, In situ measurements of volatile aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation rates in groundwater. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. V. 111, p. 48-64.

Drennan, D.M., Bekins, B.A., Warren, E., Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, M.J. Herkelrath, W.N. and Delin, G.N., 2010, Fate and Transport of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Subsurface near Cass Lake, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5085, 33 p.  (http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5085/sir2010-5085.pdf)

Lorah, M. M., Cozzarelli, I. M., and Böhlke, J. K., 2009, Biogeochemistry at a wetland sediment-alluvial aquifer interface in a landfill leachate plume. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. V. 105, no. 3-4, p. 99-117. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Sanford, W.E., Voytek, M.A., Powars, D.S., Jones, B.F., Cozzarelli, I.M., Cockell, C.S., and Eganhouse, R.P., 2009, Pore-water chemistry from the ICDP-USGS core hole in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure - Implications for paleohydrology, microbial habitat, and water resources in Gohn, G.S. et al., eds., The ICDP-USGS Deep Drilling Project in the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure: Results from the Eyreville Core Holes: GSA Special Paper 458, p. 867-890.

Tuttle, M.L.W., Breit, G.N., Cozzarelli I.M., 2009, Processes affecting δ34S and δ18O values of dissolved sulfate in alluvium along the Canadian River, central Oklahoma, USA: Chemical Geology, V. 265 p. 455-467. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Baez-Cazull, S.E., McGuire, J.T., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Voytek, M.A., 2008, Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analyses. Journal of Environmental Quality. Vol. 37, no. 1, p. 30- 46. http://jeq.scijournals.org/cgi/reprint/37/1/30

Breit, G.N., Tuttle, M.L.W., Cozzarelli, I.M., Berry, C.J., Christenson, S.C. and Jaeschke, J.B., 2008, Results of the chemical and isotopic analyses of sediment and ground water from alluvium of the Canadian River near a closed municipal landfill, Norman, Oklahoma, Part 2: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 2008–1134, 35 p.

Weiss, J. V. and Cozzarelli, I. M., 2008, Incorporating microbial and molecular techniques into biodegradation studies in contaminated aquifers, Ground Water, Vol. 46, no. 2, p. 305-322.

Cazull, S.B., McGuire, J. T., Cozzarelli, I. M., Raymond, A., and Welsh, L., 2007, Centimeter-scale characterization of biogeochemical gradients at an aquifer-wetland interface using capillary electrophoresis, Applied Geochemistry,vol. 22 (12), p. 2664-2683.

Cozzarelli, I. M. and Weiss, J. V., 2007, Biogeochemistry of aquifer systems, p. 843-859. In C. J. Hurst, R. L. Crawford, J. L. Garland, D. A. Lipson, A. L. Mills, and L. D. Stetzenbach (ed.), Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 3rd ed. ASM Press, Washington, DC.

Kneeshaw, T. A., McGuire, J. T., Smith, E. W.,  and Cozzarelli, I. M., 2007, Evaluation of sulfate reduction at experimentally induced mixing interfaces using small-scale push-pull tests in an aquifer-wetland system,Applied Geochemistry, vol. 22, Issue 12, p. 2618-2629. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.006.

Scholl, M., Cozzarelli, I., and Christenson, S., 2006, Recharge processes drive sulfate reduction in an alluvial aquifer contaminated with landfill leachate , J. Contaminant Hydrology, vol. 86, p. 239-261

Bekins, B. A., Cozzarelli, I. M. and Curtis, G. P., 2005, A simple method for calculating growth rates of petroleum hydrocarbon plumes, Ground Water, v. 43, no. 6, 817-826.

Breit, G. N., Tuttle, M.L.W., Cozzarelli, I.M., Christenson, S.C., Jaeschke, J.B., Fey, D.L., and Berry, C.J., 2005, Results of chemical and isotopic analyses of sediment and water from alluvium of the Canadian River near a closed municipal Landfill, Norman, Oklahoma:  U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 2005-1091, 37p.

Cazull, S.B., McGuire, J. T., Kneeshaw, T.A., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 2005, Annual changes in biogeochemical cycling at surface water-porewater-groundwater mixing interfaces in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system. Oklahoma Geology Notes, vol. 65 (1), Oklahoma Geological Survey p. 34-35.

Kneeshaw, T. A., McGuire, J. T., Cazull, S.B., Smith, E. W., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 2005, Kinetic Controls on Sulfate Reduction at an Experimentally Induced Interface in a Contaminated Wetland, Norman Landfill.  OklahomaGeology Notes, vol. 65 (1), Oklahoma Geological Survey p. 35.

Scholl, M.A., Christenson, S.C., Cozzarelli, I.M., Ferree, D.M., and Jaeschke, J.B., 2005, Recharge Processes in an Alluvial Aquifer Riparian Zone, Norman Landfill, Norman, Oklahoma, 1998–2000, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5238, 53 p.

Bjerg, P.L., Albrechtsen, H. J.,  Kjeldsen, P., Christensen, T.H.,  and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2003, The Geochemistry of Waste Disposal Facilities in Groundwater in Environmental Geochemistry, v. 9, Lollar, B.S., ed., in Treatise On Geochemistry, Holland, H.D. and Turekian, Karl K. , eds, Elsevier Science, New York, p. 579-612.

Christenson, S.C., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2003, The Norman Landfill Environmental Research Site: What Happens to the Waste in Landfills? U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-040-03.

Cozzarelli, I.M. and Baehr, A., 2003, Volatile Fuel Hydrocarbons and MTBE in the Environment, in Environmental Geochemistry, v. 9, Lollar, B.S. (Ed.), in Treatise On Geochemistry, Holland, H.D. and Turekian, Karl K. (Eds), Elsevier Science, New York, p. 433-474.

Essaid, H. I., Cozzarelli, I. M., Eganhouse, R. P., Herkelrath, W. N., Bekins, B. A. and Delin, G. N., 2003, Inverse Modeling of BTEX Dissolution and Biodegradation at the Bemidji, MN Crude-Oil Spill Site, J. of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 67, 269-299.

Ulrich, G.A., Breit, G.N., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Suflita, J.M., 2003, Sources of sulfate supporting anaerobic metabolism in a contaminated aquifer, Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, 1093-1099.

Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M. Warren, E. Godsy, E. M., 2002, Microbial ecology of a crude-oil contaminated aquifer, In S. F. Thornton & S. E. Oswald (eds.) Natural and Enhanced Restoration of Groundwater Pollution, Publ. no. 275, IAHS Red Book Series, p. 57-63.

Cozzarelli, I.M. 2002, Impact of organic contaminants on the evolution of ground-water geochemistry, in Aiken, G.R., and Kuniansky, E.L., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Artificial Recharge Workshop Proceedings, Sacramento,California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-89, p. 30-32.

Grossman, E.L. Cifuentes, L.A. and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2002, Anaerobic Methane Oxidation in a Landfill-Leachate Plume, Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, p. 2436-2442.

Herman, J.S., Mills, A.L., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2002, Alteration of Reactive Mineral Surfaces by Groundwater, Wilkin, R.T., Ludwig, R.D., and Ford, R.G., eds, Workshop on Monitoring Oxidation-Reduction Processes for Ground-Water Restoration, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Report  EPA/600/R-02/002, p. 39-42.

Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Godsy, E.M., Warren, E., Essaid, H.I., and Tuccillo, M.E., 2001, Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude-oil spill site, II. Controls on spatial distributions of microbial populations.Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 53, 387-406.

Cozzarelli, I.M., 2001, Sustainability of Natural Attenuation in Contaminated Aquifers Depends on the Availability of Electron Acceptors, In 11^th Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, Hot Springs, Virginia, May 20-24, 2001.

Cozzarelli, I. M., Bekins, B. A., Baedecker, M.J., Aiken, G.R., Eganhouse, R. P., and Tuccillo, M. E., 2001, Progression of Natural Attenuation Processes at a Crude-Oil Spill Site, I.Geochemical Evolution of the Plume,Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 53, p.369-385.

Eganhouse, R.P., Cozzarelli I.M., Scholl, M.A., and Matthews, L.L., 2001, Natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leachate plume of a municipal landfill, Norman, Oklahoma, Ground Water, v. 39, no. 2, p. 192-202.

Herman, J.S., Mills, A.L., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2001, Microbially mediated alteration of iron mineral phases in contaminated sedimentary aquifers, 10th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Villasimius,Italy, June 2001, p. 1441-1444.

Cozzarelli, I. M., Suflita, J. M., Ulrich, G. A., Harris, S. H., Scholl, M. A., Schlottmann, J. L., and Christenson, S., 2000,  Geochemical and Microbiological Methods for Evaluating Anaerobic Processes in an Aquifer Contaminated by Landfill Leachate. Environmental Sciences and Technology, v. 34, no. 18, p. 4025-4033.

Bekins, B. A., Baehr, A. L., Cozzarelli, I. M., Essaid, H. I., Haack, S. K., Harvey, R. W., Shapiro, A. M., Smith, J. A., Smith, R. L., 1999, Capabilities and Challenges of Natural Attenuation in the Subsurface: Lessons from the U. S. Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program, Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program—Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999-- Volume 3 -- Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 37-56.

Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Godsy, E.M., Warren, Ean, Tuccillo, M.E., Essaid, H.I., and Paganelli, V.V., 1999, Chemical and physical controls on microbial populations in the Bemidji Toxics Site crude-oil plume, Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program—Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999-- Volume 3 -- Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p.133-142.

Cozzarelli, I.M., Herman, J.S., Baedecker, M.J., and Fischer, J.M., 1999, Geochemical heterogeneity of a gasoline-contaminated aquifer: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 40, p. 261-284.

Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, M.J., Eganhouse, R.P., Tuccillo, M.E., Aiken, G.R., Bekins, B.A., and Jaeschke, J.B., 1999, Long-term geochemical evolution of the Bemidji Toxics site crude-oil plume, Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program—Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999-- Volume 3 -- Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 123-132.

Cozzarelli I. M., Suflita, J., Ulrich, G., Harris, S., Scholl, M. A. , Schlottmann, J. L. and Jaeschke, J. B., 1999, Biogeochemical processes in a contaminant plume downgradient from a landfill, Norman, Oklahoma, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 – Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 521-530.

Curtis, G.P., Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, I.M., and Bekins, B.A., 1999, Coupled Biogeochemical Modeling of Ground-Water Contamination at the Bemidji, Minnesota, Crude Oil Spill Site, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program - Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 - Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p.153-158.

Eganhouse, R.P., Matthews, L.L., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Scholl, M.A., 1999, Evidence for natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds in the leachate plume of the Norman, Oklahoma landfill, Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program—Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999-- Volume 3 -- Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p.  531-540.

Godsy, E.M., Warren, E., Cozzarelli, I.M., Bekins, B. A., Eganhouse, R. P. Determining BTEX Biodegradation Rates Using In Situ Microcosms at the Bemidji site, Minnesota: Trials and Tribulations, Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program—Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999-- Volume 3 -- Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 129-168.

Schlottmann, J. L., Scholl, M.A., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 1999,  Identifying ground-water and evaporated surface-water interactions near a landfill using deuterium, 18oxygen, and chloride, Norman, Oklahoma, Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program—Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999-- Volume 3 -- Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 509-520.

Scholl, M.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Christenson, S.C., Breit, G.N., and Schlottmann, J.L., 1999, Aquifer heterogeneity at Norman landfill and its effect on observations of biodegradation processes, Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program—Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999-- Volume 3 -- Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 557-567.

Tuccillo, M. E., Cozzarelli, I. M., and Herman J. S., 1999, Iron Reduction in the Sediments of a Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Aquifer: Applied Geochemistry, v. 14, no. 5, p. 71-83.

Delin, G.N., Essaid, H.I., Cozzarelli, I.M., Lahvis, M.H. and Bekins, B.A., 1998, Ground-water contamination by crude oil near Bemidji, Minnesota, US. Geological Survey Fact sheet FS-084-98, 4 p.

Baedecker, M. J., Cozzarelli, I. M., Bennett, P. C., Eganhouse, R. P., and Hult M. F., 1996, Evolution of the contaminant plume in an aquifer contaminated with crude oil, Bemidji, Minnesota, in Morganwalp, D. W., and Aronson, D. A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program -- Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO, September 20-24, 1993:  U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015.

Cozzarelli, I. M., and Baedecker, M. J., 1996, Biogeochemical fate of organic acid metabolites produced during the microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in groundwater, in Morganwalp, D. W. and Aronson, D. A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program -- Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO, September 20-24, 1993:  U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015.

Cozzarelli, I. M., Baedecker, M. J., Aiken, G., and Phinney, C. S., 1996, Small-scale chemical heterogeneities in a crude-oil-contaminated aquifer, Bemidji, Minnesota, in Morganwalp, D. W. and Aronson, D. A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program -- Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO, September 20-24, 1993:  U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015.

Essaid, H. I., Baedecker, M. J., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 1996, Use of simulation to study field-scale solute transport and biodegradation at the Bemidji, Minnesota, crude-oil spill site, in Morganwalp, D. W, and Aronson, D. A, eds.,U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program -- Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO, September 20-24, 1993.  U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015.

Phinney, C. S., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 1996, A comparison of two analytical techniques for identifying and measuring the concentrations of volatile hydrocarbons in ground water, in Morganwalp, D. W., and Aronson, D. A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program -- Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO, September 20-24, 1993:  U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015. 

Cozzarelli, I. M., Herman, J. S., and Baedecker, M. J., 1995, Fate of microbial metabolites of hydrocarbons in a coastal plain aquifer: the role of electron acceptors, Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, p. 458-469.

Essaid, H. I., Bekins, B. A., Godsy, E. M., Warren, E., Baedecker, M. J., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 1995 Simulation of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation processes at a crude-oil spill site: Water Resources Research, v. 31, p. 3309-3327.

Baedecker, M. J., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 1994, Biogeochemical processes and migration of aqueous constituents in ground water contaminated with crude oil, American Institute of Hydrology, Symposium on Toxic Substances Hydrology, Austin, TX, Proceedings, April 1-13, 1994, p. 69-79.

Cozzarelli, I. M., Baedecker, M. J., Eganhouse, R. P., and Goerlitz, D. F., 1994, The geochemical evolution of low-molecular-weight organic acids derived from the degradation of petroleum contaminants in groundwater:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, p. 863-877.

Cozzarelli, I. M., Baedecker, M. J., Fischer, J., and Phinney, C. S., 1994, Ground-water contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons:  Natural biodegradation in a dynamic hydrologic and geochemical system, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, Proceedings of the 208th ACS National Meeting, August 21-26, 1994, v. 34, p. 588-592.

Eganhouse, R. P., Baedecker, M. J., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 1994, Biogeochemical processes in an aquifer  contaminated by crude oil:  An overview of studies at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site - Symposium on Intrinsic Bioremediation of Ground Water, Denver, CO, August 30 - September 1, 1994, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,   p. 111-120.

Mallard, G. E., Baedecker, M. J., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 1994, The Toxic Substances Hydrology Program:  Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation in Ground Water, in The Director’s Yearbook, U.S. Geological Survey, Fiscal Year 1993.

Baedecker, M. J., Cozzarelli, I. M., Siegel, D. I., Bennett, P. C., and Eganhouse, R P., 1993, Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer: 3. Biogeochemical reactions and mass balance modeling in anoxic ground water: Applied Geochemistry, v. 8, p. 569-586.

Cozzarelli, I. M., 1993, The biogeochemical fate of organic acids in a shallow aquifer contaminated with gasoline: Charlottesville, Virginia, University of Virginia, Ph.D. dissertation, 240 p.  (Published by UMI, No. 9332407).

Eganhouse, R. P., Baedecker, M. J., Cozzarelli, I. M., Aiken, G. R., Thorn, K. A., and Dorsey, T. F., 1993, Crude oil in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer. 2. Organic geochemistry: Applied Geochemistry, v. 8, p. 551-567.

Baedecker, M. J., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 1992, The determination and fate of unstable constituents in contaminated ground water, in Lesage, S., and Jackson, R., eds., Groundwater quality and analysis at hazardous waste sites: Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, p. 425-461.

Baedecker, M. J., Cozzarelli, I. M., Evans, J. R., and Hearn, P. P., 1992, Authigenic mineral formation in aquifers rich in organic material, in Kharaka, Y.K., and Maest, A.S. eds. -- Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Park City, UT, July 9-23, 1992, p. 257-261.

Cozzarelli, I. M., and Baedecker, M. J., 1992, Oxidation of hydrocarbons coupled to reduction of inorganic species in groundwater, in Kharaka, Y.K., and Maest, A.S. eds. -- Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Park City, UT, July 9-23, 1992, p. 275-261.

Phinney, C. S., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 1992, A comparison of analytical techniques for measurement of volatile hydrocarbons in ground water, 40th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Washington, D.C., Proceedings, May 31-June 5, 1992.

Baedecker, M. J., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 1991, Geochemical modeling of organic degradation reactions in an aquifer contaminated with crude oil, in Mallard, G. E., and Aronson, D. A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substance Hydrology Program -- Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Monterey, CA, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 627-632.

Baedecker, M. J., Cozzarelli, I. M., and Phinney, C. S., 1991, Distribution of organic and inorganic constituents in ground water at Galloway Township, NJ, in Mallard, G. E., and Aronson, D. A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program -- Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Monterey, CA, March 11-15,1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 287-293.

Cozzarelli, I. M., Baedecker, M. J., and Hopple, J. A., 1991, Geochemical gradients in shallow ground water caused by the microbial degradation of hydrocarbons at Galloway Township, New Jersey, in Mallard, G. E., and Aronson, D. A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program -- Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Monterey, CA, March 11-15,1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 256-262.

Cozzarelli, I. M., Eganhouse, R. P., and Baedecker, M. J., 1990, Transformation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons to organic acids in an anoxic ground-water environment:  Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 16, p. 135-141.

Baedecker, M. J., Siegel, D. I., Bennett, P. C., and Cozzarelli, I. M., 1989, The fate and distribution of crude oil in a shallow aquifer:  I.  The distribution of chemical species and geochemical facies, in Mallard, G. E., and Ragone, S. E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program -- Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, September 26-30, 1988:  U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 13-20.

Cozzarelli, I. M., Eganhouse, R. P., and Baedecker, M. J., 1989, The fate and effects of crude oil in a shallow aquifer: II.  Evidence of anaerobic degradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons, in Mallard, G. E., and Ragone, S. E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program -- Proceedings of the Technical Meeting,Phoenix, AZ, September 26-30, 1988:  U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 21-33.

Lovley, D. R., Baedecker, M. J., Lonergan, D. J., Cozzarelli, I. M., Phillips, E. J. P., and Siegel, D. I., 1989, Oxidation of aromatic contaminants coupled to microbial iron reduction: Nature, v. 339, p. 297-299. 

Cozzarelli, I. M., Herman, J. S., and Parnell, R. A., Jr., 1987, The mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: Effects of hydrologic pathways:  Water Resources Research, v. 23, p. 859-874.

Cozzarelli, I. M., 1986, A two-water model of aluminum mobilization and immobilization in a natural soil system:  MS Thesis, University of Virginia, 162 p.