The Landsat satellites have been collecting Earth imagery for more than 50 years. A key piece of equipment that moves the data from the spacecraft to the archive so researchers can use it is the antenna at the EROS Center. The antenna and its radome have a fascinating history of their own that adds to the overall Landsat story.
November 2022 Landsat Update
By Landsat Missions
November 9, 2022
Landsat Updates are prepared periodically and distributed electronically to provide information about Landsat activities and related topics of interest.
In this issue:
Landsat Missions Status
- Landsat 9 Celebration Handover
- Three Orbiting Landsat Satellites
- Publication Highlights Landsat 9 Underfly Exercise
Landsat Data and Products Updates
- Landsat Collection 1 Data Discontinued
- Landsat Collection 2 Provisional Aquatic Reflectance and Evapotranspiration Products Available
Meetings, Conferences, Events
- William T. Pecora Memorial Remote Sensing Symposium 2022
- Landsat Science Team Meeting
- Upcoming Conferences
Interaction and Education
Landsat Mission Status
Landsat 9 Handover Celebration
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details
On August 11, 2022, leaders from the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Sioux Falls community assembled at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center to celebrate the handover of the management of the Landsat 9 Mission from NASA to the USGS. This celebration marks fifty years of cooperation between the agencies to provide continuous Earth imaging. NASA designs and launches the satellites, and the USGS is responsible for the archiving and distribution of data acquired by the satellites. Read more about the special day on the Landsat Missions Website.
Three Orbiting Landsat Satellites
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details
For the first time in Landsat Mission history, three orbiting Landsat satellites are providing valuable data to users. September 27, 2021, brought the exciting and successful launch of Landsat 9 which joined the already orbiting satellites of Landsat 7, launched in 1999, and Landsat 8, launched in 2013. Data from all Landsat missions are available for download from Earth Explorer, LandsatLook, and the commercial cloud.
Unique and handy tools allow users to determine when Landsats 7–9 are crossing an area of interest or how many scenes are available for your study area. The Landsat Acquisition page allows users to display Landsat acquisition paths for any day and download a file that list the paths that were acquired. The Landsat Archive Dashboard can determine the number of scenes available for a study area. The dashboard allows users to select an area of interest and filter by multiple categories such as satellite, year, or processing level, and then output the scene IDs as a CSV file.
Publication Highlights Landsat 9 Underfly Exercise
A recent publication provides the analysis results from the Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 underfly activities that took place in late 2021.
From November 12–17, 2021, the Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 satellites engaged in an underfly exercise that allowed for a unique calibration opportunity at the start of the Landsat 9 on-orbit mission. Early in the mission, Landsat 9 drifted in its orbit and allowed for the near-coincident collection of data with Landsat 8. This near-coincident image acquisition decreased the temporal changes between data acquired by the two satellites. Toward the end of the underfly event, the Landsat 9 spacecraft pointed off-nadir during several descending passes to increase overlap between the two satellites images. This new publication highlights the geometric accuracy between the Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard both satellites, using tandem collects from the underfly exercise.
The authors of the USGS publication found that the co-registration between Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 data are within 2.2 meters across all bands with at least 10 percent overlap, contain less than 20 percent cloud cover, and include at least 50 percent land. The 2.2 meters represents less than one-tenth of a 30-meter multispectral pixel in misregistration between the Landsat 9 and Landsat 8 underfly products.
Reference: Choate, M.J., Rengarajan, R., Storey, J.C., Lubke, M. Landsat 9 Geometric Characteristics Using Underfly Data. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 3781. https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70236633
Landsat Data and Products Updates
Landsat Collection 1 Data Discontinued
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details
All Landsat Collection 1 data and science products will be removed from USGS data access portals on December 30, 2022. This removal includes Level-1, Level-2, and Level-3 products. The last day to place an order for Collection 1 products from the EROS Science Processing Architecture On-Demand Interface (ESPA) is December 16, 2022.
The Landsat Collection 1 archive have not been updated with new acquisitions since December 31, 2021. Landsat Collection 1 also does not include Landsat 9 data. Landsat Collection 2 data and products remain available for download. Collection 2 has improved geometric accuracy, digital elevation modeling, better radiometric calibration, and many more advancements over Collection 1. For a complete list of Collection 2 processing improvements, please review the information on the Landsat Collection 2 webpage.
Due to processing and algorithm advancements, users are discouraged from using Collection 1 and Collection 2 interchangeably in the same workflow. Please contact EROS User Services with any questions about this announcement or about any Landsat data products at custserv@usgs.gov.
Landsat Collection 2 Provisional Aquatic Reflectance and Evapotranspiration Products Available
Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 Provisional Aquatic Reflectance (AR) and Level-3 Provisional Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa) science products are now available. Several improvements were made in Collection 2 Provisional AR and ETa, including the addition of Landsat 9. Details on improvements, along with technical details about Collection 2 Provisional AR and ETa are available on the Landsat Collection 2 Provisional Aquatic Reflectance Science Product and the Landsat Collection 2 Provisional Actual Evapotranspiration Science Product webpages. To access Landsat Collection 2 Provisional AR and ETa products submit a request using ESPA.
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details
Meetings, Conferences, Events
William T. Pecora Memorial Remote Sensing Symposium 2022
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details
The Pecora 22 Conference convened October 23–28 in Denver, Colorado. This year’s theme was “Opening the Aperture to Innovation: Expanding Our Collective Understanding of a Changing Earth” and celebrated the illustrious success of the Landsat mission and expansive archive.
Several staff from the USGS EROS Center presented at this year’s Pecora Conference. Presentations covered several aspects of Landsat from acquisition and processing through to end user applications. Several of the talks highlighted the Landsat science products, including the Collection 2 Fractional Snow Covered Area and Provisional Aquatic Reflectance science products. These science products ensure continuity to the Landsat record, allowing users to access large datasets with a consistent, quality product.
This year’s Pecora Conference honored several people and groups with the William T. Pecora Award. The ceremony was held on Wednesday, October 26, and honored the past three years’ recipients. This annual award, since 1974, is presented in the memory of Dr. William T. Pecora, former USGS Director and Department of the Interior Undersecretary. It is given to individuals and teams with outstanding achievements and contributions to remote sensing and Earth observations. For a complete list of all winners, please visit: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/national-land-imaging-program/william-t-pecora-award-recipients.
Landsat Science Team Meeting
The Landsat Science Team met August 9–11, 2022, at the USGS EROS Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. During this meeting, updates on all active Landsat missions were presented, along with discussions about science and application advancements and accomplishments, processing objectives, and calibration statuses. Landsat science initiatives were also topics included during this meeting, including data harmonization with other Earth observing mission sensors. A special highlight of the week was witnessing the formal transition of the Landsat 9 operations from NASA to the USGS.
The Landsat Science Team is integral to the advancement of the Landsat Program. They provide scientific and technical evaluations on subjects of significance to the user community. This ensures the continued success of the Landsat Program within the partnership of the USGS and NASA. Visit the Landsat website for more information and to view Landsat Science Team presentations.
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details
Upcoming Conferences
American Geophysical Union (AGU) December 12–16, 2022, Chicago, Illinois
International Association for Landscape Ecology – North America, March 19–23, 2023, Riverside, California
American Association of Geographers March 23–27, 2023, Denver, Colorado
International Association for Landscape Ecology, July 10–15, 2023, Noirobi, Kenya
Ecological Society of America, August 6–11, 2023, Portland, Oregon
Interaction and Education
How Do You Landsat?
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details
Stemming from the 2008 open data policy, several innovations in data use have created new niches far exceeding earlier expectations of the Landsat sensors and archive. A new interactive tool was created to highlight articles and publications featuring Landsat data. With this tool, users can navigate Landsat articles by location or interest. Please follow #HowDoYouLandsat or #HDYL on USGS Landsat social media pages for recently highlighted publications. This Landsat Update highlights a publication in the tool.
Ho, J.C., Michalak, A.M. & Pahlevan, N. Widespread global increase in intense lake phytoplankton blooms since the 1980s. Nature 574, 667–670 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1648-7
Using three decades of Landsat 5 data, the researchers of this article investigated long-term trends of near-surface phytoplankton blooms on large global freshwater lakes. Phytoplankton affects public health and ecosystems, and harmful effects are increasing and intensifying causing economic losses of more than US$4 billion annually.
Interested? Find this article and more on How Do You Landsat!
Landsat Podcasts – Eyes on Earth
Landsat Global Archive Consolidation - In this episode, we learn about the process that has gradually added millions of earlier Landsat scenes to the 50-year archive.
Landsat 50 Lookback - In this episode, we look back at how past guests viewed the value of Landsat satellites and their 50-year history.
Tour of the EROS Radome - In this episode, we take a tour of a crucial component of the Landsat data acquisition process at EROS: the radome that houses the 10-meter antenna for downlinking data to be placed in the archive.
Landsat Storymaps
Storymaps are an interactive way to learn more about Landsat using images, maps, videos, and weblinks. Take the opportunity to learn something new with the Storymaps linked below.
Landsat Virtual Booth – Learn the basics about Landsat.
Landsat Science Products – Highlights available Landsat Science Products.
Landsat Missions – Explore the Landsat satellites that have orbited our Earth for 50 years.
Connect/Contact
Landsat Missions Web Site: https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions
Landsat Headlines: https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-mission-headlines
Latest in Landsat Newsletter: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOIGS/subscriber/new#tab1
Landsat Updates: https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-updates
USGS EROS Customer Services
Email: custserv@usgs.gov
Phone: 1-800-252-4547
Twitter
USGS Landsat: @USGSLandsat
NASA Landsat: @NASA_Landsat
Facebook
USGS: @USGSLandsatProgram
NASA Landsat: @NASA.Landsat
Instagram
USGS: @USGSLandsat
NASA: @NASA
Landsat RSS Feeds: https://ww.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-rss-feeds
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Banner Image: Landsat 7 Captures Hurricane Ian Aftermath.
Related Content
The Landsat satellites have been collecting Earth imagery for more than 50 years. A key piece of equipment that moves the data from the spacecraft to the archive so researchers can use it is the antenna at the EROS Center. The antenna and its radome have a fascinating history of their own that adds to the overall Landsat story.
Eyes on Earth Episode 79 – Landsat Global Archive Consolidation
The Landsat archive at EROS contains an unparalleled 50 years of Earth observation data. But with earlier technologies, some Landsat scenes were collected and stored only by international ground receiving stations rather than in the central archive at EROS.
The Landsat archive at EROS contains an unparalleled 50 years of Earth observation data. But with earlier technologies, some Landsat scenes were collected and stored only by international ground receiving stations rather than in the central archive at EROS.
Eyes on Earth Episode 78 - Landsat 50 Lookback
Government officials and scientists had high hopes for Landsat when the first experimental satellite launched July 23, 1972. Those hopes were soon realized when imagery came back depicting features never before seen. Since then, an archive of imagery surpassing 10 million scenes has amassed at EROS, collected from eight different Landsat satellites.
Government officials and scientists had high hopes for Landsat when the first experimental satellite launched July 23, 1972. Those hopes were soon realized when imagery came back depicting features never before seen. Since then, an archive of imagery surpassing 10 million scenes has amassed at EROS, collected from eight different Landsat satellites.
What updates were made in Landsat Collection 2?
Landsat Collection 2 marks the second major reprocessing event of the USGS Landsat archive. Continuing the tiered collection management structure implemented in Landsat Collection 1 , Landsat Collection 2 introduces several advancements in data processing, algorithm development, as well as data access and distribution capabilities, including: Improved per-pixel geodetic accuracy by incorporating...
What is the naming convention for Landsat Collection 2 Level-1 and Level-2 scenes?
The naming convention for Landsat Collection 2 Level-1 products remains the same as in Collection 1 . While most of Landsat Collection 2 scenes are produced to both Surface Reflectance (SR) and Surface Temperature (ST), a small number of scenes cannot be processed to ST due to missing auxiliary data. The naming convention of Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 products indicates the data included for...
How do Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 products compare with products from Collection 1?
Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature science products are scene-based, produced within the standard processing system, and available to download directly from EarthExplorer . Collection 2 Level-2 products are available for Landsat 4-5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, and Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS data acquired from 1982 to present. Landsat MSS 1-5 data are not currently available...
Why are the fill values and scaling factors of Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 products different from those products in Collection 1?
The fill values and scale factors of Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 products were updated to be consistent with that of Landsat Collection 2 Level-1 data, while using the unsigned integer data type more efficiently. As shown in the table below, the fill value of the Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature bands were changed from “-9999” in Collection 1, to “0” in Collection 2 to be consistent...
How do I search and download Landsat Collection 2 data products?
Search Landsat Collection 2 Level-1 and Level-2 products using EarthExplorer , which is the primary portal used to search all data held in the USGS EROS archives . While Landsat Collection 2 products are processed and stored in the USGS Cloud Hosting Solution (CHS) environment, downloads are managed through EarthExplorer. The USGS Landsat no-cost open data policy remains intact since its inception...
Related Content
Eyes on Earth Episode 81 - Tour of the EROS Radome
The Landsat satellites have been collecting Earth imagery for more than 50 years. A key piece of equipment that moves the data from the spacecraft to the archive so researchers can use it is the antenna at the EROS Center. The antenna and its radome have a fascinating history of their own that adds to the overall Landsat story.
The Landsat satellites have been collecting Earth imagery for more than 50 years. A key piece of equipment that moves the data from the spacecraft to the archive so researchers can use it is the antenna at the EROS Center. The antenna and its radome have a fascinating history of their own that adds to the overall Landsat story.
Eyes on Earth Episode 79 – Landsat Global Archive Consolidation
The Landsat archive at EROS contains an unparalleled 50 years of Earth observation data. But with earlier technologies, some Landsat scenes were collected and stored only by international ground receiving stations rather than in the central archive at EROS.
The Landsat archive at EROS contains an unparalleled 50 years of Earth observation data. But with earlier technologies, some Landsat scenes were collected and stored only by international ground receiving stations rather than in the central archive at EROS.
Eyes on Earth Episode 78 - Landsat 50 Lookback
Government officials and scientists had high hopes for Landsat when the first experimental satellite launched July 23, 1972. Those hopes were soon realized when imagery came back depicting features never before seen. Since then, an archive of imagery surpassing 10 million scenes has amassed at EROS, collected from eight different Landsat satellites.
Government officials and scientists had high hopes for Landsat when the first experimental satellite launched July 23, 1972. Those hopes were soon realized when imagery came back depicting features never before seen. Since then, an archive of imagery surpassing 10 million scenes has amassed at EROS, collected from eight different Landsat satellites.
What updates were made in Landsat Collection 2?
Landsat Collection 2 marks the second major reprocessing event of the USGS Landsat archive. Continuing the tiered collection management structure implemented in Landsat Collection 1 , Landsat Collection 2 introduces several advancements in data processing, algorithm development, as well as data access and distribution capabilities, including: Improved per-pixel geodetic accuracy by incorporating...
What is the naming convention for Landsat Collection 2 Level-1 and Level-2 scenes?
The naming convention for Landsat Collection 2 Level-1 products remains the same as in Collection 1 . While most of Landsat Collection 2 scenes are produced to both Surface Reflectance (SR) and Surface Temperature (ST), a small number of scenes cannot be processed to ST due to missing auxiliary data. The naming convention of Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 products indicates the data included for...
How do Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 products compare with products from Collection 1?
Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature science products are scene-based, produced within the standard processing system, and available to download directly from EarthExplorer . Collection 2 Level-2 products are available for Landsat 4-5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, and Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS data acquired from 1982 to present. Landsat MSS 1-5 data are not currently available...
Why are the fill values and scaling factors of Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 products different from those products in Collection 1?
The fill values and scale factors of Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 products were updated to be consistent with that of Landsat Collection 2 Level-1 data, while using the unsigned integer data type more efficiently. As shown in the table below, the fill value of the Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature bands were changed from “-9999” in Collection 1, to “0” in Collection 2 to be consistent...
How do I search and download Landsat Collection 2 data products?
Search Landsat Collection 2 Level-1 and Level-2 products using EarthExplorer , which is the primary portal used to search all data held in the USGS EROS archives . While Landsat Collection 2 products are processed and stored in the USGS Cloud Hosting Solution (CHS) environment, downloads are managed through EarthExplorer. The USGS Landsat no-cost open data policy remains intact since its inception...
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