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The USGS provides unbiased, objective, and impartial scientific information upon which our audiences, including resource managers, planners, and other entities, rely.
Browse more than 65,000 articles authored by our scientists over the past 100+ year history of the USGS and refine search by topic, location, year, and advanced search.
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Intense alteration on early Mars revealed by high-aluminum rocks at Jezero Crater Intense alteration on early Mars revealed by high-aluminum rocks at Jezero Crater
The NASA Perseverance rover discovered light-toned float rocks scattered across the surface of Jezero crater that are particularly rich in alumina ( ~ 35 wt% Al2O3) and depleted in other major elements (except silica). These unique float rocks have heterogeneous mineralogy ranging from kaolinite/halloysite-bearing in hydrated samples, to spinel-bearing in dehydrated samples also...
Authors
C. Royer, C.C. Bedford, J.R. Johnson, B.H.N. Horgan, A. Broz, O. Forni, S. Connell, R. C. Wiens, L. Mandon, B.S. Kathir, E.M. Hausrath, A. Udry, J.M. Madariaga, E. Dehouck, Ryan B. Anderson, P.S.A. Beck, O. Beyssac, É. Clavé, S.M. Clegg, E. Cloutis, T. Fouchet, Travis S.J. Gabriel, B.J. Garczynski, A. Klidaras, H. T. Manelski, L.E. Mayhew, J. Nunez, A.M. Ollila, S.E. Schröder, J.I. Simon, U. Wolf, K.M. Stack, A. Cousin, S. Maurice
Depths in a day - A new era of rapid-response Raman-based barometry using fluid inclusions Depths in a day - A new era of rapid-response Raman-based barometry using fluid inclusions
Rapid-response petrological monitoring is a major advance for volcano observatories, allowing them to build and validate models of plumbing systems that supply eruptions in near-real-time. The depth of magma storage has recently been identified as high-priority information for volcanic observatories, yet this information is not currently obtainable via petrological monitoring methods on...
Authors
Charlotte DeVitre, Penny E. Wieser, Alexander T. Bearden, Araela Richie, Berenise Rangel, Matthew Gleeson, John Grimsich, Kendra J. Lynn, Drew T. Downs, Natalia I. Deligne, Katherine M. Mulliken
Indigenous knowledge in climate adaptation planning: Reflections from initial efforts Indigenous knowledge in climate adaptation planning: Reflections from initial efforts
There are increasing calls to incorporate indigenous knowledge (IK) into climate adaptation planning (CAP) and related projects. However, given unique attributes of IK and the positionality of tribal communities to scientific research, several considerations are important to ensure CAP efforts with IK are ethical and effective. While such topics have been thoroughly explored conceptually
Authors
Tony W. Ciocco, Brian W. Miller, Stefan Gabriel Tangen, Shelley D. Crausbay, Meagan Ford Oldfather, Aparna Bamzai-Dodson
Greater plasticity in CTmax with increased climate variability among populations of tailed frogs Greater plasticity in CTmax with increased climate variability among populations of tailed frogs
Temporally variable climates are expected to drive the evolution of thermal physiological traits that enable performance across a wider range of temperatures (i.e. climate variability hypothesis, CVH). Spatial thermal variability, however, may mediate this relationship by providing ectotherms with the opportunity to behaviourally select preferred temperatures (i.e. the Bogert effect)...
Authors
Amanda S. Cicchino, Cameron K. Ghalambor, Brenna R. Forester, Jason Dunham, W. Chris Funk
Neogene hydrothermal Fe- and Mn-oxide mineralization of Paleozoic continental rocks, Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean Neogene hydrothermal Fe- and Mn-oxide mineralization of Paleozoic continental rocks, Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean
Rocks dredged from water depths of 1,605, 2,500, 3,300, and 3,400 m in the Arctic Ocean included Paleozoic continental rocks pervasively mineralized during the Neogene by hydrothermal Fe and Mn oxides. Samples were recovered in three dredge hauls from the Chukchi Borderland and one from Mendeleev Ridge north of Alaska and eastern Siberia, respectively. Many of the rocks were so...
Authors
James R. Hein, Kira Mizell, Amy Gartman
Assessing and implementing the concept of Blue Economy in Laurentian Great Lakes fisheries: Lessons from coupled human and natural systems Assessing and implementing the concept of Blue Economy in Laurentian Great Lakes fisheries: Lessons from coupled human and natural systems
Inland fisheries often receive little to no attention in global discussions about sustainable development. The consequences of overlooking inland fisheries in sustainability dialogues are increasingly problematic as fisheries stressors (e.g., overharvest, species invasion, climate change, habitat modification) intensify. Elevating the global profile of inland fisheries requires an...
Authors
Andrew Kenneth Carlson, Nancy J. Leonard, Mohiuddin Munawar, William W. Taylor
GNSS reflectometry from low-cost sensors for continuous in situ contemporaneous glacier mass balance and flux divergence GNSS reflectometry from low-cost sensors for continuous in situ contemporaneous glacier mass balance and flux divergence
Recent advances in remote sensing have produced global glacier surface elevation change data. Parsing these elevation change signals into contributions from the climate (i.e. climatic mass balance) and glacier dynamics (i.e. flux divergence) is critical to enhance our process-based understanding of glacier change. In this study, we evaluate three approaches for direct, continuous...
Authors
Albin Wells, David R. Rounce, Louis C. Sass, Caitlyn Florentine, Adam Garbo, Emily Baker, Christopher J. McNeil
Insights on arc magmatic systems drawn from natural melt inclusions and crystallization experiments at PH2O=800 MPa under oxidizing conditions Insights on arc magmatic systems drawn from natural melt inclusions and crystallization experiments at PH2O=800 MPa under oxidizing conditions
Whole rock compositions at Buldir Volcano, western Aleutian arc, record a strong, continuous trend of iron depletion with decreasing MgO, classically interpreted as a calc-alkaline liquid line of descent. In contrast, olivine-hosted melt inclusions have higher total iron (FeO*) than whole rocks and show little change in FeO* with decreasing MgO. To investigate this discrepancy and...
Authors
Janine L. Andrys, Elizabeth Cottrell, Katherine A. Kelley, Laura E. Waters, Michelle L. Coombs
Jupyter notebooks for parameter estimation, uncertainty analysis, and optimization with the PEST++ Jupyter notebooks for parameter estimation, uncertainty analysis, and optimization with the PEST++
No abstract available.
Authors
Chanse M. Ford, Wonsook S. Ha, Katherine H. Markovich, Johanna Zwinger
Trends and environmental impacts of virtual water trade Trends and environmental impacts of virtual water trade
Virtual water describes water embedded in the production of goods and offers meaningful insights about the complex interplay between water, trade and sustainability. In this Review, we examine the trends, major players, traded products and key drivers of virtual water trade (VWT). Roughly 20% of water used in global food production is traded virtually rather than domestically consumed...
Authors
Mesfin M. Mekonnen, Mahlet M. Kebede, Betelhem W. Demeke, Joel A. Carr, Ashok Chapagain, Carole Dalin, Peter Debaere, Paolo D’Odorico, Landon Marston, Chittaranjan Ray, Lorenzo Rosa, La Zhuo
River suspended-sand flux computation with uncertainty estimation using water samples and high-resolution ADCP measurements River suspended-sand flux computation with uncertainty estimation using water samples and high-resolution ADCP measurements
Measuring suspended-sand fluxes in rivers remains a scientific challenge due to their high spatial and temporal variability. To capture the vertical and lateral gradients of concentration in the cross-section, measurements with point samples are performed. However, the uncertainty related to these measurements is rarely evaluated, as few studies of the major sources of error exist...
Authors
Jessica Marggraf, Guillaume Dramais, Jerome Le Coz, Blaise Calmel, Benoit Camenen, David J. Topping, William Santini, Gilles Pierrefeu, François Lauters
Formation of vertical columnar seismic structures and seafloor depressions by groundwater discharge in the drowned Miami Terrace platform and overlying deep-water carbonates, southeastern Florida Formation of vertical columnar seismic structures and seafloor depressions by groundwater discharge in the drowned Miami Terrace platform and overlying deep-water carbonates, southeastern Florida
The presence of vertical cross-formational fluid migration passageways within sedimentary basins can profoundly impact aquifer and reservoir fluid-flow and their identification is fundamental to informing management of subsurface fluid resources (groundwater, oil, gas). In an onshore and offshore southeastern part of Florida, 2D/3D seismic-reflection and bathymetry data document ∼153...
Authors
Kevin J. Cunningham, Richard L. Westcott, Sean Norgard, Edward Robinson, Harry J. Dowsett, Marci M. Robinson