Kristin Romanok
Kristin is a Hydrologist working with the New Jersey Water Science Center Water-Quality Processes Investigation Team, working with the Environmental Health Mission Area, Toxics Program, Water and Wastewater Infrastructure project as the data management coordinator.
I started my career at the USGS in 1996 (initially as an intern). I began in the water-quality data unit, where my duties included ground-water and surface-water sampling as well as publishing the annual data report. Years later, I then began working on the Delaware River NAWQA program collecting stream water-quality samples, and was responsible for publishing the data in the annual data report. Following that I worked part-time assisting many projects within the Long-Island New Jersey and Delaware River NAWQA programs, and many non-NAWQA projects in field preparation, data and database integrity, report preparation, and anything else that was needed.
Education and Certifications
B.S. in Geology and a minor in Oceanography from Rider University
Science and Products
Collaborative Science Provides Understanding of Contaminants in Bottled Water-an Increasingly Common Alternate Drinking Water Source
U.S. Geological Survey researchers and public health experts collaborated to determine what contaminants occur in bottled water, which is an increasingly common alternate drinking water source, to broaden their understanding of human exposure to contaminants in drinking water supply chains. Bottled water, like public-supply and private-well tap water supply chains, contained multiple organic...
Filter Total Items: 41
Chemical concentration results for assessment of mixed-organic/inorganic chemical exposures in the southeast United States, beginning 2022 Chemical concentration results for assessment of mixed-organic/inorganic chemical exposures in the southeast United States, beginning 2022
This data release contains the concentration and quality-assurance results for inorganic constituents, organic compounds (volatile organic compounds [VOC], per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances [PFAS], pesticides, and disinfection byproducts [DBP]) collected in tapwater from locations in Alabama and Mississippi. Tapwater samples (11 public supply and 1 private well) were collected on...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) results in tapwater samples, in select areas within the United States, beginning 2023 (ver. 2.0, June 2025) Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) results in tapwater samples, in select areas within the United States, beginning 2023 (ver. 2.0, June 2025)
This data release provides concentration results for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) collected by volunteer community members, in tapwater samples from 83 private residences, in select areas within the United States. Samples were collected July 1, 2023, through November 10, 2023. Samples were analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) in...
Arsenic concentration results utilizing a novel field integrated biosensor system, New Hampshire, 2019 Arsenic concentration results utilizing a novel field integrated biosensor system, New Hampshire, 2019
This dataset reports total arsenic (AsTot) results analyzed using an in-field biosensor system, Field-Ready Electrochemical Detector for Arsenic (FRED-Arsenic), developed by FREDsense Technologies Corp., Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Samples were collected from two public-supply wells (NH-SGW 93 and NH-SGW 65) and one private well (NH-KFW 87). NH-SGW 93 and NH-KFW 87 both withdraw water from...
Quarterly sample results for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for locations in Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021-24 (ver. 2.0, March 2025) Quarterly sample results for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for locations in Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021-24 (ver. 2.0, March 2025)
This data release provides the concentration results for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) collected on French Island, in the town of Campbell, Wisconsin, sampled quarterly beginning in 2021. These samples were collected from groundwater wells (potable and non-potable taps) by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center (UMESC). Three U.S...
Target-Chemical Concentrations for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical and Biological Exposures in Private-Well Tapwater at Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021 Target-Chemical Concentrations for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical and Biological Exposures in Private-Well Tapwater at Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021
Tapwater samples were obtained from groundwater sources on French Island, in the town of Campbell, Wisconsin. Samples from three locations were collected multiple times over a period of three days to assess temporal variations in water quality. Samples from an additional eight locations, were collected one time, spatially distributed around Campbell. Due to privacy concerns, the exact...
Target-chemical concentrations and microbiological results in surface water and tapwater, Montana, 2022 Target-chemical concentrations and microbiological results in surface water and tapwater, Montana, 2022
This data release contains the concentration and quality-assurance results for inorganic constituents, as well as organic compounds (volatile organic compounds [VOC], per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances [PFAS], pesticides and disinfection byproducts [DBP]) and microbiological results collected in the Little Big Horn River and residential or commercial tapwater locations in Montana...
Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in tapwater collected throughout the United States, 2021-22 Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in tapwater collected throughout the United States, 2021-22
This dataset contains the concentration and quality assurance results for 34 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). 409 residential and commercial tapwater samples were collected once between May 2021 and May 2022, in the contiguous U.S., Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands. Of these samples 252 were from publicly supplied tapwater locations, and 155 were sourced...
Chemical Concentrations and Microbiological Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical Exposures in Tapwater in Mead, Nebraska, June 2022 and January 2023 Chemical Concentrations and Microbiological Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical Exposures in Tapwater in Mead, Nebraska, June 2022 and January 2023
In the United States and globally, the lack of data on contaminant exposure from unregulated private-well point-of-use (POU) tapwater (TW) is a recognized public health data gap and an obstacle to risk management and homeowner decision making. Mead, Nebraska, is an agricultural community about 30 miles west of Omaha. To help address the lack of data on broad contaminant exposures in TW...
Target-chemical concentrations and bioassay results for assessment of mixed-organic/inorganic chemical and biological exposures in Minneapolis/St Paul, Minnesota tapwater, August 2019 Target-chemical concentrations and bioassay results for assessment of mixed-organic/inorganic chemical and biological exposures in Minneapolis/St Paul, Minnesota tapwater, August 2019
This dataset contains the concentration and quality assurance results for inorganic and organic analytes collected for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Ecosystems Mission Area, Environmental Health Infrastructure Program, Tapwater Exposure Project conducted in Minnesota, in August of 2019. Samples were obtained from multiple publicly distributed water sources in Minnesota in 2019. Due...
PFAS Reconnaissance Landscape Data PFAS Reconnaissance Landscape Data
This dataset consists of summary data for potential landscape sources of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These summary items include facilities from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PFAS Analytics Tools, which were pulled from its Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO), areas affected by fires (burned and urban burned areas) from Monitoring Trends in Burn...
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in U.S. Tapwater: Comparison of Public-Supply and Underserved Private-Well Exposures and Associated Health Implications Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in U.S. Tapwater: Comparison of Public-Supply and Underserved Private-Well Exposures and Associated Health Implications
This software involves files to fit the statistical models described in Smalling et al. Specifically, there are R scripts and associated stan model files (when appropriate) for comparing PFAS concentrations among public-supply and private-wells and as a function of geospatial predictor variables. There is also an R script for modeling the number of PFAS chemicals detected among water...
Target-Chemical Concentrations, Exposure Activity Ratios, and Bioassay Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical Exposures in Northeast Iowa Private-Well Tapwater, 2018 Target-Chemical Concentrations, Exposure Activity Ratios, and Bioassay Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical Exposures in Northeast Iowa Private-Well Tapwater, 2018
In the United States and globally, contaminant exposure in unregulated private-well point-of-use (POU) tapwater (TW) is a recognized public health data gap and an obstacle to both risk management and homeowner decision making. To help address the lack of data on broad contaminant exposures in private-well TW from hydrologically vulnerable (alluvial or karst) aquifers in agriculturally...
Filter Total Items: 45
Tapwater-contaminant mixtures and risk in a biofuel-facility impacted private-well community Tapwater-contaminant mixtures and risk in a biofuel-facility impacted private-well community
We assessed private-well drinking water (DW) at the point of use (i.e., tapwater, TW) within a rural Nebraska community around a state-closed biofuel facility, which used pesticide-treated corn seed as feedstock for ethanol production. Organic (485), inorganic (34), and microbial (13) analytes were assessed at 15 locations in June 2022, to evaluate the relative contribution of facility...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Shannon Meppelink, Kristin Romanok, Molly L. Schreiner, Kelly Smalling, Shannon Bartelt-Hunt, Brenda Densmore, Stephanie Gordon, Keith Loftin, R. Blaine McCleskey, Eleanor Rogan, David L. Rus, Daniel Snow
Tapwater exposures, residential risk, and mitigation in a PFAS-impacted-groundwater community Tapwater exposures, residential risk, and mitigation in a PFAS-impacted-groundwater community
Tapwater (TW) safety and sustainability are priorities in the United States. Per/polyfluoroalkyl substance(s) (PFAS) contamination is a growing public-health concern due to prolific use, widespread TW exposures, and mounting human-health concerns. Historically-rural, actively-urbanizing communities that rely on surficial-aquifer private wells incur elevated risks of unrecognized TW...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly Smalling, Lee Donahue, Mark P. Gaikowski, Randy Hines, Sara Breitmeyer, Stephanie Gordon, Keith Loftin, R. Blaine McCleskey, Shannon Meppelink, Molly L. Schreiner
Public, bottled, and private drinking water: Shared contaminant-mixture exposures and effects challenge Public, bottled, and private drinking water: Shared contaminant-mixture exposures and effects challenge
BACKGROUND: Humans are primary drivers of environmental contaminant exposures worldwide, including in drinking-water (DW). In the United States (US), point-of-use DW (POU DW) is supplied via private tapwater (TW, predominantly private wells), public-supply TW, and bottled water (BW). Differences in management, monitoring, and messaging and lack of directly intercomparable exposure data...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly Smalling, Stephanie Gordon, Bradley Huffman, Katie Paul Friedman, Daniel Villeneuve, Brett R. Blackwell, Suzanne Fitzpatrick, Michael Focazio, Elizabeth Medlock-Kakaley, Shannon M. Meppelink, Ana Navas-Acien, Anne Nigra, Molly L. Schreiner
Mixed contaminant exposure in tapwater and the potential implications for human-health in disadvantaged communities in California Mixed contaminant exposure in tapwater and the potential implications for human-health in disadvantaged communities in California
Water is an increasingly precious resource in California as years of drought, climate change, pollution, as well as an expanding population have all stressed the state's drinking water supplies. Currently, there are increasing concerns about whether regulated and unregulated contaminants in drinking water are linked to a variety of human-health outcomes particularly in socially...
Authors
Kelly Smalling, Kristin M. Romanok, Paul M. Bradley, Michelle Hladik, James Gray, Leslie Kanagy, R. Blaine McCleskey, Diana Stavreva, Annika Alexander-Ozinskas, Jesus Alonso, Wendy Avila, Sara Breitmeyer, Roberto Bustillo, Stephanie Gordon, Gordon Hager, Rena Jones, Dana W. Kolpin, Seth Newton, Peggy Reynolds, John Sloop, Andria Ventura, Julie Von Behren, Mary Ward, Gina Solomon
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water in Southeast Los Angeles: Industrial legacy and environmental justice Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water in Southeast Los Angeles: Industrial legacy and environmental justice
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals of increasing concern to human health. PFAS contamination in water systems has been linked to a variety of sources including hydrocarbon fire suppression activities, industrial and military land uses, agricultural applications of biosolids, and consumer products. To assess PFAS in California tap water, we collected 60...
Authors
Julie Von Behren, Peggy Reynolds, Paul M. Bradley, James L. Gray, Dana W. Kolpin, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly Smalling, Catherine Carpenter, Wendy Avila, Paul English, Rena Jones, Gina Solomon
A brief note on substantial sub-daily arsenic variability in pumping drinking-water wells in New Hampshire A brief note on substantial sub-daily arsenic variability in pumping drinking-water wells in New Hampshire
Large variations in redox-related water parameters, like pH and dissolved oxygen (DO), have been documented in New Hampshire (United States) drinking-water wells over the course of a few hours under pumping conditions. These findings suggest that comparable sub-daily variability in dissolved concentrations of redox-reactive and toxic arsenic (As) also may occur, representing a...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Emily Hicks, Joseph Levitt, David Lloyd, Mhairi McDonald, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly Smalling, Joseph Ayotte
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications
Drinking-water quality is a rising concern in the United States (US), emphasizing the need to broadly assess exposures and potential health effects at the point-of-use. Drinking-water exposures to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a national concern, however, there is limited information on PFAS in residential tapwater at the point-of-use, especially from private-wells. We...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Kristin Romanok, Paul Bradley, Matthew Morriss, James L. Gray, Leslie Kanagy, Stephanie Gordon, Brianna Williams, Sara Breitmeyer, Daniel Jones, Laura DeCicco, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Tyler Wagner
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Water Resources Mission Area, Cooperative Research Units, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, New Jersey Water Science Center, South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC), Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Utah Water Science Center
Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA
Continued improvements in drinking-water quality characterization and treatment/distribution infrastructure are required to address the expanding number of documented environmental contaminants. To better understand the variability in contaminant exposures from the drinking water resource (surface and groundwater), through the distribution process, to the point-of-use (tapwater), in 2019...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Paul M. Bradley, Kristin M. Romanok, Sarah Elliott, Jane de Lambert, Michael Focazio, Stephanie Gordon, James L. Gray, Leslie Kanagy, Michelle Hladik, Keith Loftin, R. Blaine McCleskey, Elizabeth Medlock-Kakaley, Mary Cardon, Nicola Evans, Christopher P. Weis
Predicted aquatic exposure effects from a national urban stormwater study Predicted aquatic exposure effects from a national urban stormwater study
A multi-agency study of 438 organic and 62 inorganic chemicals measured in urban stormwater during 50 total runoff events at 21 sites across the United States demonstrated that stormwater discharges can generate localized, aquatic exposures to extensive contaminant mixtures, including organics suspected to cause adverse aquatic-health effects. The aggregated risks to multiple aquatic...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly L. Smalling, Jason Masoner, Dana W. Kolpin, Stephanie Gordon
Juxtaposition of intensive agriculture, vulnerable aquifers, and mixed chemical/microbial exposures in private-well tapwater in northeast Iowa Juxtaposition of intensive agriculture, vulnerable aquifers, and mixed chemical/microbial exposures in private-well tapwater in northeast Iowa
In the United States and globally, contaminant exposure in unregulated private-well point-of-use tapwater (TW) is a recognized public-health data gap and an obstacle to both risk-management and homeowner decision making. To help address the lack of data on broad contaminant exposures in private-well TW from hydrologically-vulnerable (alluvial, karst) aquifers in agriculturally-intensive...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Dana W. Kolpin, Darrin Thompson, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly L. Smalling, Sara Breitmeyer, Mary Cardon, David Cwiertny, Nicola Evans, R. Field, Michael Focazio, Laura Freeman, Carrie Givens, James Gray, Gordon Hager, Michelle Hladik, Jonathan Hoffman, Rena Jones, Leslie Kanagy, Rachael Lane, R. Blaine McCleskey, Danielle Medgyesi, Elizabeth Medlock-Kakaley, Shannon M. Meppelink, Michael T. Meyer, Diana Stavreva, Mary Ward
Occurrence of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in groundwater and tapwater, town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22 Occurrence of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in groundwater and tapwater, town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22
In response to previous reports of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in French Island’s (located in the Mississippi River within the town of Campbell, Wisconsin) primary source of drinking water, 11 locations were sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in October 2021 to assess the potential presence of contaminant mixtures, including PFAS, in tapwater. Three...
Authors
Kristin M. Romanok, Shannon Meppelink, Paul M. Bradley, Sara Breitmeyer, Lee Donahue, Mark P. Gaikowski, Randy Hines, Kelly L. Smalling
Bottled water contaminant exposures and potential human effects Bottled water contaminant exposures and potential human effects
Bottled water (BW) consumption in the United States and globally has increased amidst heightened concern about environmental contaminant exposures and health risks in drinking water supplies, despite a paucity of directly comparable, environmentally-relevant contaminant exposure data for BW. This study provides insight into exposures and cumulative risks to human health from inorganic...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly L. Smalling, Michael Focazio, Nicola Evans, Suzanne Fitzpatrick, Carrie Givens, Stephanie Gordon, James L. Gray, Emily Green, Dale Griffin, Michelle Hladik, Leslie Kanagy, John Lisle, Keith Loftin, R. Blaine McCleskey, Elizabeth Medlock-Kakaley, Ana Navas-Acien, David Roth, Paul South, Christopher Weis
PFAS in US Tapwater Interactive Dashboard PFAS in US Tapwater Interactive Dashboard
Drinking-water quality and potential exposures to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at the point-of-use (tapwater) are a rising concern in the United States (US).
Drop by Drop Drop by Drop
US Geological Survey research on contaminants in drinking water across the US.
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in U.S. Tapwater: Comparison of Public-Supply and Underserved Private-Well Exposures and Associated Health Implications Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in U.S. Tapwater: Comparison of Public-Supply and Underserved Private-Well Exposures and Associated Health Implications
This software involves files to fit the statistical models described in Smalling et al. Specifically, there are R scripts and associated stan model files (when appropriate) for comparing PFAS concentrations among public-supply and private-wells and as a function of geospatial predictor variables. There is also an R script for modeling the number of PFAS chemicals detected among water...
Science and Products
Collaborative Science Provides Understanding of Contaminants in Bottled Water-an Increasingly Common Alternate Drinking Water Source
U.S. Geological Survey researchers and public health experts collaborated to determine what contaminants occur in bottled water, which is an increasingly common alternate drinking water source, to broaden their understanding of human exposure to contaminants in drinking water supply chains. Bottled water, like public-supply and private-well tap water supply chains, contained multiple organic...
Filter Total Items: 41
Chemical concentration results for assessment of mixed-organic/inorganic chemical exposures in the southeast United States, beginning 2022 Chemical concentration results for assessment of mixed-organic/inorganic chemical exposures in the southeast United States, beginning 2022
This data release contains the concentration and quality-assurance results for inorganic constituents, organic compounds (volatile organic compounds [VOC], per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances [PFAS], pesticides, and disinfection byproducts [DBP]) collected in tapwater from locations in Alabama and Mississippi. Tapwater samples (11 public supply and 1 private well) were collected on...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) results in tapwater samples, in select areas within the United States, beginning 2023 (ver. 2.0, June 2025) Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) results in tapwater samples, in select areas within the United States, beginning 2023 (ver. 2.0, June 2025)
This data release provides concentration results for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) collected by volunteer community members, in tapwater samples from 83 private residences, in select areas within the United States. Samples were collected July 1, 2023, through November 10, 2023. Samples were analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) in...
Arsenic concentration results utilizing a novel field integrated biosensor system, New Hampshire, 2019 Arsenic concentration results utilizing a novel field integrated biosensor system, New Hampshire, 2019
This dataset reports total arsenic (AsTot) results analyzed using an in-field biosensor system, Field-Ready Electrochemical Detector for Arsenic (FRED-Arsenic), developed by FREDsense Technologies Corp., Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Samples were collected from two public-supply wells (NH-SGW 93 and NH-SGW 65) and one private well (NH-KFW 87). NH-SGW 93 and NH-KFW 87 both withdraw water from...
Quarterly sample results for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for locations in Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021-24 (ver. 2.0, March 2025) Quarterly sample results for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for locations in Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021-24 (ver. 2.0, March 2025)
This data release provides the concentration results for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) collected on French Island, in the town of Campbell, Wisconsin, sampled quarterly beginning in 2021. These samples were collected from groundwater wells (potable and non-potable taps) by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center (UMESC). Three U.S...
Target-Chemical Concentrations for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical and Biological Exposures in Private-Well Tapwater at Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021 Target-Chemical Concentrations for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical and Biological Exposures in Private-Well Tapwater at Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021
Tapwater samples were obtained from groundwater sources on French Island, in the town of Campbell, Wisconsin. Samples from three locations were collected multiple times over a period of three days to assess temporal variations in water quality. Samples from an additional eight locations, were collected one time, spatially distributed around Campbell. Due to privacy concerns, the exact...
Target-chemical concentrations and microbiological results in surface water and tapwater, Montana, 2022 Target-chemical concentrations and microbiological results in surface water and tapwater, Montana, 2022
This data release contains the concentration and quality-assurance results for inorganic constituents, as well as organic compounds (volatile organic compounds [VOC], per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances [PFAS], pesticides and disinfection byproducts [DBP]) and microbiological results collected in the Little Big Horn River and residential or commercial tapwater locations in Montana...
Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in tapwater collected throughout the United States, 2021-22 Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in tapwater collected throughout the United States, 2021-22
This dataset contains the concentration and quality assurance results for 34 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). 409 residential and commercial tapwater samples were collected once between May 2021 and May 2022, in the contiguous U.S., Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands. Of these samples 252 were from publicly supplied tapwater locations, and 155 were sourced...
Chemical Concentrations and Microbiological Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical Exposures in Tapwater in Mead, Nebraska, June 2022 and January 2023 Chemical Concentrations and Microbiological Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical Exposures in Tapwater in Mead, Nebraska, June 2022 and January 2023
In the United States and globally, the lack of data on contaminant exposure from unregulated private-well point-of-use (POU) tapwater (TW) is a recognized public health data gap and an obstacle to risk management and homeowner decision making. Mead, Nebraska, is an agricultural community about 30 miles west of Omaha. To help address the lack of data on broad contaminant exposures in TW...
Target-chemical concentrations and bioassay results for assessment of mixed-organic/inorganic chemical and biological exposures in Minneapolis/St Paul, Minnesota tapwater, August 2019 Target-chemical concentrations and bioassay results for assessment of mixed-organic/inorganic chemical and biological exposures in Minneapolis/St Paul, Minnesota tapwater, August 2019
This dataset contains the concentration and quality assurance results for inorganic and organic analytes collected for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Ecosystems Mission Area, Environmental Health Infrastructure Program, Tapwater Exposure Project conducted in Minnesota, in August of 2019. Samples were obtained from multiple publicly distributed water sources in Minnesota in 2019. Due...
PFAS Reconnaissance Landscape Data PFAS Reconnaissance Landscape Data
This dataset consists of summary data for potential landscape sources of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These summary items include facilities from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PFAS Analytics Tools, which were pulled from its Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO), areas affected by fires (burned and urban burned areas) from Monitoring Trends in Burn...
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in U.S. Tapwater: Comparison of Public-Supply and Underserved Private-Well Exposures and Associated Health Implications Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in U.S. Tapwater: Comparison of Public-Supply and Underserved Private-Well Exposures and Associated Health Implications
This software involves files to fit the statistical models described in Smalling et al. Specifically, there are R scripts and associated stan model files (when appropriate) for comparing PFAS concentrations among public-supply and private-wells and as a function of geospatial predictor variables. There is also an R script for modeling the number of PFAS chemicals detected among water...
Target-Chemical Concentrations, Exposure Activity Ratios, and Bioassay Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical Exposures in Northeast Iowa Private-Well Tapwater, 2018 Target-Chemical Concentrations, Exposure Activity Ratios, and Bioassay Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical Exposures in Northeast Iowa Private-Well Tapwater, 2018
In the United States and globally, contaminant exposure in unregulated private-well point-of-use (POU) tapwater (TW) is a recognized public health data gap and an obstacle to both risk management and homeowner decision making. To help address the lack of data on broad contaminant exposures in private-well TW from hydrologically vulnerable (alluvial or karst) aquifers in agriculturally...
Filter Total Items: 45
Tapwater-contaminant mixtures and risk in a biofuel-facility impacted private-well community Tapwater-contaminant mixtures and risk in a biofuel-facility impacted private-well community
We assessed private-well drinking water (DW) at the point of use (i.e., tapwater, TW) within a rural Nebraska community around a state-closed biofuel facility, which used pesticide-treated corn seed as feedstock for ethanol production. Organic (485), inorganic (34), and microbial (13) analytes were assessed at 15 locations in June 2022, to evaluate the relative contribution of facility...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Shannon Meppelink, Kristin Romanok, Molly L. Schreiner, Kelly Smalling, Shannon Bartelt-Hunt, Brenda Densmore, Stephanie Gordon, Keith Loftin, R. Blaine McCleskey, Eleanor Rogan, David L. Rus, Daniel Snow
Tapwater exposures, residential risk, and mitigation in a PFAS-impacted-groundwater community Tapwater exposures, residential risk, and mitigation in a PFAS-impacted-groundwater community
Tapwater (TW) safety and sustainability are priorities in the United States. Per/polyfluoroalkyl substance(s) (PFAS) contamination is a growing public-health concern due to prolific use, widespread TW exposures, and mounting human-health concerns. Historically-rural, actively-urbanizing communities that rely on surficial-aquifer private wells incur elevated risks of unrecognized TW...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly Smalling, Lee Donahue, Mark P. Gaikowski, Randy Hines, Sara Breitmeyer, Stephanie Gordon, Keith Loftin, R. Blaine McCleskey, Shannon Meppelink, Molly L. Schreiner
Public, bottled, and private drinking water: Shared contaminant-mixture exposures and effects challenge Public, bottled, and private drinking water: Shared contaminant-mixture exposures and effects challenge
BACKGROUND: Humans are primary drivers of environmental contaminant exposures worldwide, including in drinking-water (DW). In the United States (US), point-of-use DW (POU DW) is supplied via private tapwater (TW, predominantly private wells), public-supply TW, and bottled water (BW). Differences in management, monitoring, and messaging and lack of directly intercomparable exposure data...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly Smalling, Stephanie Gordon, Bradley Huffman, Katie Paul Friedman, Daniel Villeneuve, Brett R. Blackwell, Suzanne Fitzpatrick, Michael Focazio, Elizabeth Medlock-Kakaley, Shannon M. Meppelink, Ana Navas-Acien, Anne Nigra, Molly L. Schreiner
Mixed contaminant exposure in tapwater and the potential implications for human-health in disadvantaged communities in California Mixed contaminant exposure in tapwater and the potential implications for human-health in disadvantaged communities in California
Water is an increasingly precious resource in California as years of drought, climate change, pollution, as well as an expanding population have all stressed the state's drinking water supplies. Currently, there are increasing concerns about whether regulated and unregulated contaminants in drinking water are linked to a variety of human-health outcomes particularly in socially...
Authors
Kelly Smalling, Kristin M. Romanok, Paul M. Bradley, Michelle Hladik, James Gray, Leslie Kanagy, R. Blaine McCleskey, Diana Stavreva, Annika Alexander-Ozinskas, Jesus Alonso, Wendy Avila, Sara Breitmeyer, Roberto Bustillo, Stephanie Gordon, Gordon Hager, Rena Jones, Dana W. Kolpin, Seth Newton, Peggy Reynolds, John Sloop, Andria Ventura, Julie Von Behren, Mary Ward, Gina Solomon
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water in Southeast Los Angeles: Industrial legacy and environmental justice Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water in Southeast Los Angeles: Industrial legacy and environmental justice
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals of increasing concern to human health. PFAS contamination in water systems has been linked to a variety of sources including hydrocarbon fire suppression activities, industrial and military land uses, agricultural applications of biosolids, and consumer products. To assess PFAS in California tap water, we collected 60...
Authors
Julie Von Behren, Peggy Reynolds, Paul M. Bradley, James L. Gray, Dana W. Kolpin, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly Smalling, Catherine Carpenter, Wendy Avila, Paul English, Rena Jones, Gina Solomon
A brief note on substantial sub-daily arsenic variability in pumping drinking-water wells in New Hampshire A brief note on substantial sub-daily arsenic variability in pumping drinking-water wells in New Hampshire
Large variations in redox-related water parameters, like pH and dissolved oxygen (DO), have been documented in New Hampshire (United States) drinking-water wells over the course of a few hours under pumping conditions. These findings suggest that comparable sub-daily variability in dissolved concentrations of redox-reactive and toxic arsenic (As) also may occur, representing a...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Emily Hicks, Joseph Levitt, David Lloyd, Mhairi McDonald, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly Smalling, Joseph Ayotte
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications
Drinking-water quality is a rising concern in the United States (US), emphasizing the need to broadly assess exposures and potential health effects at the point-of-use. Drinking-water exposures to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a national concern, however, there is limited information on PFAS in residential tapwater at the point-of-use, especially from private-wells. We...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Kristin Romanok, Paul Bradley, Matthew Morriss, James L. Gray, Leslie Kanagy, Stephanie Gordon, Brianna Williams, Sara Breitmeyer, Daniel Jones, Laura DeCicco, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Tyler Wagner
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Water Resources Mission Area, Cooperative Research Units, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, New Jersey Water Science Center, South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC), Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Utah Water Science Center
Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA
Continued improvements in drinking-water quality characterization and treatment/distribution infrastructure are required to address the expanding number of documented environmental contaminants. To better understand the variability in contaminant exposures from the drinking water resource (surface and groundwater), through the distribution process, to the point-of-use (tapwater), in 2019...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Paul M. Bradley, Kristin M. Romanok, Sarah Elliott, Jane de Lambert, Michael Focazio, Stephanie Gordon, James L. Gray, Leslie Kanagy, Michelle Hladik, Keith Loftin, R. Blaine McCleskey, Elizabeth Medlock-Kakaley, Mary Cardon, Nicola Evans, Christopher P. Weis
Predicted aquatic exposure effects from a national urban stormwater study Predicted aquatic exposure effects from a national urban stormwater study
A multi-agency study of 438 organic and 62 inorganic chemicals measured in urban stormwater during 50 total runoff events at 21 sites across the United States demonstrated that stormwater discharges can generate localized, aquatic exposures to extensive contaminant mixtures, including organics suspected to cause adverse aquatic-health effects. The aggregated risks to multiple aquatic...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly L. Smalling, Jason Masoner, Dana W. Kolpin, Stephanie Gordon
Juxtaposition of intensive agriculture, vulnerable aquifers, and mixed chemical/microbial exposures in private-well tapwater in northeast Iowa Juxtaposition of intensive agriculture, vulnerable aquifers, and mixed chemical/microbial exposures in private-well tapwater in northeast Iowa
In the United States and globally, contaminant exposure in unregulated private-well point-of-use tapwater (TW) is a recognized public-health data gap and an obstacle to both risk-management and homeowner decision making. To help address the lack of data on broad contaminant exposures in private-well TW from hydrologically-vulnerable (alluvial, karst) aquifers in agriculturally-intensive...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Dana W. Kolpin, Darrin Thompson, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly L. Smalling, Sara Breitmeyer, Mary Cardon, David Cwiertny, Nicola Evans, R. Field, Michael Focazio, Laura Freeman, Carrie Givens, James Gray, Gordon Hager, Michelle Hladik, Jonathan Hoffman, Rena Jones, Leslie Kanagy, Rachael Lane, R. Blaine McCleskey, Danielle Medgyesi, Elizabeth Medlock-Kakaley, Shannon M. Meppelink, Michael T. Meyer, Diana Stavreva, Mary Ward
Occurrence of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in groundwater and tapwater, town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22 Occurrence of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in groundwater and tapwater, town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22
In response to previous reports of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in French Island’s (located in the Mississippi River within the town of Campbell, Wisconsin) primary source of drinking water, 11 locations were sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in October 2021 to assess the potential presence of contaminant mixtures, including PFAS, in tapwater. Three...
Authors
Kristin M. Romanok, Shannon Meppelink, Paul M. Bradley, Sara Breitmeyer, Lee Donahue, Mark P. Gaikowski, Randy Hines, Kelly L. Smalling
Bottled water contaminant exposures and potential human effects Bottled water contaminant exposures and potential human effects
Bottled water (BW) consumption in the United States and globally has increased amidst heightened concern about environmental contaminant exposures and health risks in drinking water supplies, despite a paucity of directly comparable, environmentally-relevant contaminant exposure data for BW. This study provides insight into exposures and cumulative risks to human health from inorganic...
Authors
Paul M. Bradley, Kristin M. Romanok, Kelly L. Smalling, Michael Focazio, Nicola Evans, Suzanne Fitzpatrick, Carrie Givens, Stephanie Gordon, James L. Gray, Emily Green, Dale Griffin, Michelle Hladik, Leslie Kanagy, John Lisle, Keith Loftin, R. Blaine McCleskey, Elizabeth Medlock-Kakaley, Ana Navas-Acien, David Roth, Paul South, Christopher Weis
PFAS in US Tapwater Interactive Dashboard PFAS in US Tapwater Interactive Dashboard
Drinking-water quality and potential exposures to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at the point-of-use (tapwater) are a rising concern in the United States (US).
Drop by Drop Drop by Drop
US Geological Survey research on contaminants in drinking water across the US.
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in U.S. Tapwater: Comparison of Public-Supply and Underserved Private-Well Exposures and Associated Health Implications Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in U.S. Tapwater: Comparison of Public-Supply and Underserved Private-Well Exposures and Associated Health Implications
This software involves files to fit the statistical models described in Smalling et al. Specifically, there are R scripts and associated stan model files (when appropriate) for comparing PFAS concentrations among public-supply and private-wells and as a function of geospatial predictor variables. There is also an R script for modeling the number of PFAS chemicals detected among water...