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Geophysicist works at station PR05, part of the Mount Rainier lahar detection network.
Station PR05 is part of the Mount Rainier lahar detection network.
Station PR05 is part of the Mount Rainier lahar detection network.
Station PR05 is part of the Mount Rainier lahar detection network.

USGS-Cascades Volcano Observatory geophysicist Rebecca Kramer works on station PR05, which is part of the Mount Rainier lahar detection network (Mount Rainier is pictured in the distance). The purpose of the site visit was to upgrade the power system and deploy infrasound equipment. 

USGS-Cascades Volcano Observatory geophysicist Rebecca Kramer works on station PR05, which is part of the Mount Rainier lahar detection network (Mount Rainier is pictured in the distance). The purpose of the site visit was to upgrade the power system and deploy infrasound equipment. 

Clouds cling to the top of forested hills, reflected in the Skagit River, Washington.
Skagit River, Washington
Skagit River, Washington
Skagit River, Washington

Skagit River in the North Cascades, Washington. Stumps left by logging are visible among the wetland vegetation. The USGS monitors water quality near this site.

Skagit River in the North Cascades, Washington. Stumps left by logging are visible among the wetland vegetation. The USGS monitors water quality near this site.

Aerial map of modeling area in the Nisqually River Delta
Aerial Map of Modeling Area in the Nisqually River Delta
Aerial Map of Modeling Area in the Nisqually River Delta
Aerial Map of Modeling Area in the Nisqually River Delta

Aerial map of modeling area in the Nisqually River Delta. Managed freshwater marsh at the southern end of the refuge is excluded. Inset: Black point on terrain map shows the location of Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge within Washington State (grey outline).

Aerial map of modeling area in the Nisqually River Delta. Managed freshwater marsh at the southern end of the refuge is excluded. Inset: Black point on terrain map shows the location of Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge within Washington State (grey outline).

A photo of a tidal forest of the Nisqually River Delta
Tidal Forest of the Nasqually River Delta
Tidal Forest of the Nasqually River Delta
Tidal Forest of the Nasqually River Delta

The tidal forests of the Nisqually River Delta become inundated to just below the trunk during the highest tides of the year.

The tidal forests of the Nisqually River Delta become inundated to just below the trunk during the highest tides of the year.

Illustration of a coastal area with lines, dots, and boxes drawn on it to show where data was collected.
EXPRESS surveys, dives, and sampling locations
EXPRESS surveys, dives, and sampling locations
EXPRESS surveys, dives, and sampling locations

The west coast of the United States showing locations of EXPRESS ship-based multibeam surveys, ROV dives, AUV dives, and sediment samples. Red boxes show locations of close-up views of multibeam bathymetry in Figures 2 and 3.

The west coast of the United States showing locations of EXPRESS ship-based multibeam surveys, ROV dives, AUV dives, and sediment samples. Red boxes show locations of close-up views of multibeam bathymetry in Figures 2 and 3.

A man wearing safety gear stands on the fantail of a small boat preparing a box core for deployment.
GOMEX box corer
GOMEX box corer
GOMEX box corer

USGS marine engineering technician Dan Powers from the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center retrieves the GOMEX box corer from Bellingham Bay, Washington.

USGS marine engineering technician Dan Powers from the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center retrieves the GOMEX box corer from Bellingham Bay, Washington.

A series of panels, looking down at a river delta, show how the delta changed, growing larger as more sediment flowed downriver.
Evolution of shoreline around Elwha River mouth
Evolution of shoreline around Elwha River mouth
Evolution of shoreline around Elwha River mouth

Evolution of the shoreline around the Elwha River mouth, Washington, before, during and after dam removal, 2011–2017. Two large dams were removed from the Elwha River between 2011 and 2014 in the largest dam removal worldwide thus far, releasing more than 20 million tons of sediment downstream.

Evolution of the shoreline around the Elwha River mouth, Washington, before, during and after dam removal, 2011–2017. Two large dams were removed from the Elwha River between 2011 and 2014 in the largest dam removal worldwide thus far, releasing more than 20 million tons of sediment downstream.

Two men work on a boat pulling up a long cable from the water.
Retrieving a core sampler
Retrieving a core sampler
Retrieving a core sampler

USGS scientists Dan Powers (left) and Andy Ritchie retrieving a core sample from beneath Lake Ozette aboard research vessel Hadai.

USGS scientists Dan Powers (left) and Andy Ritchie retrieving a core sample from beneath Lake Ozette aboard research vessel Hadai.

Illustration helps visualize the seafloor character offshore of the continental United States showing canyons and other features
Astoria Canyon multibeam bathymetry
Astoria Canyon multibeam bathymetry
Astoria Canyon multibeam bathymetry

Multibeam bathymetry shown in the spectrum from red (shallower) to blue (deeper) for depths greater than 200 m across the head of Astoria Canyon. The land and continental shelf are shown in grayscale slope shading where darker colors represent steeper slopes.  The modern Columbia River is far right.

Multibeam bathymetry shown in the spectrum from red (shallower) to blue (deeper) for depths greater than 200 m across the head of Astoria Canyon. The land and continental shelf are shown in grayscale slope shading where darker colors represent steeper slopes.  The modern Columbia River is far right.

Washington Landsat State Mosaic
Washington Landsat State Mosaic
Washington Landsat State Mosaic
Washington Landsat State Mosaic

Mount St. Helens in southeast Washington erupted on May 18, 1980. The volcano and 110,000 acres of surrounding land are now part of the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument.

Capital Olympia

Image Source Landsat 8

Population 7,705,281

Mount St. Helens in southeast Washington erupted on May 18, 1980. The volcano and 110,000 acres of surrounding land are now part of the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument.

Capital Olympia

Image Source Landsat 8

Population 7,705,281

An illustrated map shows seafloor features and is labeled with dots to show where samples were collected.
Lake Ozette bathymetry
Lake Ozette bathymetry
Lake Ozette bathymetry

Bathymetric map of Lake Ozette, showing locations of core samples (red circles).

Bathymetric map of Lake Ozette, showing locations of core samples (red circles).

Depth of earthquakes at Mount Rainier 2010 to 2019
Mount Rainier: Earthquakes in the Hydrothermal System
Mount Rainier: Earthquakes in the Hydrothermal System
Mount Rainier: Earthquakes in the Hydrothermal System

Earthquakes at Mount Rainier from 2010 to 2019. As shown in the graphic, fluids from the magmatic system beneath the volcano rise through existing cracks and weaknesses in the crust. Along with rainwater and ice/snow melt, these fluids combine to create a hydrothermal system within the volcano.

Earthquakes at Mount Rainier from 2010 to 2019. As shown in the graphic, fluids from the magmatic system beneath the volcano rise through existing cracks and weaknesses in the crust. Along with rainwater and ice/snow melt, these fluids combine to create a hydrothermal system within the volcano.

Researcher holding a crayfish collected in Diablo Lake
Researcher holding a crayfish collected in Diablo Lake
Researcher holding a crayfish collected in Diablo Lake
Researcher holding a crayfish collected in Diablo Lake

A native crayfish collected in Diablo Lake for an investigation into food availability for native fish and limitations to their growth. Crayfish are invertebrate prey for salmonids and provide useful representative stable isotope values for benthic members of the food web.

A native crayfish collected in Diablo Lake for an investigation into food availability for native fish and limitations to their growth. Crayfish are invertebrate prey for salmonids and provide useful representative stable isotope values for benthic members of the food web.

Photograph of the Sanpoil River
Photograph of the Sanpoil River in northeast Washington State
Photograph of the Sanpoil River in northeast Washington State
Photograph of the Sanpoil River in northeast Washington State

Photograph of the Sanpoil River in northeast Washington State.  The Sanpoil River is upstream of Grand Coulee and is a tributary of the Columbia River.

small white cliff with grass on top
Pyroclastic Flow Outcrop on the Pumice Plain at Mount St. Helens
Pyroclastic Flow Outcrop on the Pumice Plain at Mount St. Helens
Pyroclastic Flow Outcrop on the Pumice Plain at Mount St. Helens

This photo shows an outcrop of pyroclastic flow deposits near Willow Creek on the Pumice Plain at Mount St. Helens. The dramatic lines crossing the outcrop indicate contacts between different layers of pyroclastic flow deposits. Two participants of the 2019 GeoGirls program are shown studying the outcrop, using it to understand the eruptive history of the volcano.

This photo shows an outcrop of pyroclastic flow deposits near Willow Creek on the Pumice Plain at Mount St. Helens. The dramatic lines crossing the outcrop indicate contacts between different layers of pyroclastic flow deposits. Two participants of the 2019 GeoGirls program are shown studying the outcrop, using it to understand the eruptive history of the volcano.

Juvenile native char in a viewing box
Photo of a juvenile native char in a viewing box at Ross Lake, WA
Photo of a juvenile native char in a viewing box at Ross Lake, WA
Photo of a juvenile native char in a viewing box at Ross Lake, WA

Researchers placed a juvenile native char into a viewing box to help identify the species. This fish was collected as a part of a food web study on Ross and Diablo Lakes in Washington State in order to evaluate fish growth and limitations to production.

Researchers placed a juvenile native char into a viewing box to help identify the species. This fish was collected as a part of a food web study on Ross and Diablo Lakes in Washington State in order to evaluate fish growth and limitations to production.

Columbia torrent salamander
Columbia torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton kezeri)
Columbia torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton kezeri)
Columbia torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton kezeri)

Torrent salamanders are Northwest-U.S. endemic, headwater-stream-associated amphibian species that have a dearth of basic ecological information, but are thought to be highly vulnerable to habitat changes.

Torrent salamanders are Northwest-U.S. endemic, headwater-stream-associated amphibian species that have a dearth of basic ecological information, but are thought to be highly vulnerable to habitat changes.

Girls standing in a large circle around a volcano monitoring station
The GeoGirls Visit a Volcano Monitoring Station at Mount St. Helens
The GeoGirls Visit a Volcano Monitoring Station at Mount St. Helens
The GeoGirls Visit a Volcano Monitoring Station at Mount St. Helens

The GeoGirls visit a volcano monitoring station on the east side of Mount St. Helens, finding out how scientists use different monitoring methods (seismic, GPS, tiltmeter) to understand more about the volcano.

Girls stand in stream and take measurements
GeoGirls Hike to Willow Creek
GeoGirls Hike to Willow Creek
GeoGirls Hike to Willow Creek

GeoGirls hike to Willow Creek, on Mount St. Helens’ Pumice Plain, to learn more about the ecology of the blast zone and how the area has recovered since the catastrophic May 18, 1980, eruption. Here, they look at stream characteristics and how it has influenced the return of life to the area.

GeoGirls hike to Willow Creek, on Mount St. Helens’ Pumice Plain, to learn more about the ecology of the blast zone and how the area has recovered since the catastrophic May 18, 1980, eruption. Here, they look at stream characteristics and how it has influenced the return of life to the area.

Girls stand in circle with one pointing a paper on the ground
The GeoGirls Create Field Drawings
The GeoGirls Create Field Drawings
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