Water use research in the New England Water Science Center serves both regional and national interests. USGS works with our New England partners in all six states to address questions about water demand, availability, and sustainability. Additionally, the New England Water Science Center contributes to national water use research and ensures that New England is well and accurately represented in national estimates and compilations of water use.
Regional research on water use in New England includes topics such as water demand forecasts, sustainable water availability, and domestic well locations and water withdrawals. The New England Water Science Center also engages in research on impacts of groundwater pumping for water quantity and water quality, and socioeconomic factors affecting water availability and the quality of water availability. More information on specific projects can be found under the Science Tab on this page.
Beginning in 1950, the USGS compiled snapshots of the nation’s water usage every 5 years by state, county, and intermittently by regional watershed. In 2020, the USGS moved away from compiling reported water use data and began developing computer models that produce estimates of water use that are more consistent across state lines. The reported data from states are still used though – these data are used as inputs to the models and allow researchers to check that the model estimates are accurate. The more data that is available in a region, the more accurate the model estimates can be as a result. Modelled water use estimates for 2020 and other years are available for public supply, crop irrigation, thermoelectric power generation, self-supplied industrial, self-supplied domestic, livestock, and aquaculture, and are summarized by the USGS Integrated Water Availability Assessments chapter “Water use across the conterminous United States, water years 2010 – 20”. Estimates for mining are anticipated to be available by the end of 2026.
Related Information
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Water Withdrawal, Use, and Return Flows by Providence Water from the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island Water Withdrawal, Use, and Return Flows by Providence Water from the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island
Water use is defined as how humans interact with the hydrologic cycle, and includes water withdrawal, delivery, consumptive use, wastewater release, and reclaimed wastewater. This schematic shows how these elements are interconnected.
Below are links to the USGS national water-use website and water-use web pages for the New England states.
Water Use in the United States
Accessing Water Use Data
Assessing Sustainable Water Use in Connecticut
Enhancing Water and Sewer Utility Mapping in Massachusetts
Estimating Nitrogen Loading from Groundwater and Potential Effects of Sea-Level Rise in Rhode Island's Salt Ponds Region
USGS to Improve Water Use Data Management for State of Massachusetts
Withdrawals for Bottled Water
Investigating Connections Between Socioeconomic Data and Populations Susceptible to Private Well-Water Concerns in New Hampshire
Predictive Analysis of Water Demand for Providence, Rhode Island
Assessment of Nutrient Transport and Discharge to Coastal Embayments, Wickford, Rhode Island
The Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator: A Decision-Support Tool to Estimate Streamflow and Water Availability at Ungaged, User-Defined Stream Locations in Connecticut
Estimation of Daily Streamflow and Water Availability in the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator, Version 2.0
Livestock water-use withdrawal estimates for 2022 by 12-digit hydrologic unit code, county, month, and year for the United States, excluding territories Livestock water-use withdrawal estimates for 2022 by 12-digit hydrologic unit code, county, month, and year for the United States, excluding territories
Aquaculture water-use withdrawal estimates for 2013, 2018, and 2023 by state and year for the United States, excluding territories Aquaculture water-use withdrawal estimates for 2013, 2018, and 2023 by state and year for the United States, excluding territories
Industrial water use for 2020 by county, HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States Industrial water use for 2020 by county, HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States
Synthesized Domestic Well Database for the Conterminous United States Synthesized Domestic Well Database for the Conterminous United States
Domestic self-supplied household locations, counts, and withdrawal estimates in the conterminous United States: model and dataset for decadal year 2020 Domestic self-supplied household locations, counts, and withdrawal estimates in the conterminous United States: model and dataset for decadal year 2020
Inventory of water bottling facilities in the United States, 2024, and select water-use data, 1955-2023 (ver. 2.0, November 2024) Inventory of water bottling facilities in the United States, 2024, and select water-use data, 1955-2023 (ver. 2.0, November 2024)
Monthly and Annual population and water withdrawal maps of Rhode Island 2014-2021 Monthly and Annual population and water withdrawal maps of Rhode Island 2014-2021
Model Archive, Input Data, Modeled Estimates of Water Use 2005-2021, and Forecasts of Water Use in 2030 and 2040 in Providence, Rhode Island Model Archive, Input Data, Modeled Estimates of Water Use 2005-2021, and Forecasts of Water Use in 2030 and 2040 in Providence, Rhode Island
Public supply water use reanalysis for the 2000-2020 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, August 2024) Public supply water use reanalysis for the 2000-2020 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, August 2024)
Thermoelectric-power water use reanalysis for the 2008-2020 period by power plant, month, and year for the conterminous United States Thermoelectric-power water use reanalysis for the 2008-2020 period by power plant, month, and year for the conterminous United States
Irrigation water use reanalysis for the 2000-20 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, September 2024) Irrigation water use reanalysis for the 2000-20 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, September 2024)
Data for Regression Models to Estimate Water Use in Providence, Rhode Island, 2014-2021 Data for Regression Models to Estimate Water Use in Providence, Rhode Island, 2014-2021
Below are selected publications associated with water use in the United States and New England.
Effects of groundwater withdrawals for water bottling and municipal use, Wards Brook Valley, Maine and New Hampshire Effects of groundwater withdrawals for water bottling and municipal use, Wards Brook Valley, Maine and New Hampshire
Harmonization of a water withdrawal dataset for the conterminous United States Harmonization of a water withdrawal dataset for the conterminous United States
Water withdrawal and consumption trends for thermoelectric-power plants in the conterminous United States, 2008-2020 Water withdrawal and consumption trends for thermoelectric-power plants in the conterminous United States, 2008-2020
Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States
Water use across the conterminous United States, water years 2010–20 Water use across the conterminous United States, water years 2010–20
Automating physics-based models to estimate thermoelectric-power water use Automating physics-based models to estimate thermoelectric-power water use
Estimating domestic self-supplied water use in Rhode Island, 2014–21 Estimating domestic self-supplied water use in Rhode Island, 2014–21
Data and knowledge gaps of a water bottling facility inventory and select water-use dataset, United States Data and knowledge gaps of a water bottling facility inventory and select water-use dataset, United States
A predictive analysis of water use for Providence, Rhode Island A predictive analysis of water use for Providence, Rhode Island
Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks
Development and evaluation of public-supply community water service area boundaries for the conterminous United States Development and evaluation of public-supply community water service area boundaries for the conterminous United States
Assessment of factors that influence human water demand for Providence, Rhode Island Assessment of factors that influence human water demand for Providence, Rhode Island
Below are FAQ related to water use.
Below are partners associated with this project.
Water use research in the New England Water Science Center serves both regional and national interests. USGS works with our New England partners in all six states to address questions about water demand, availability, and sustainability. Additionally, the New England Water Science Center contributes to national water use research and ensures that New England is well and accurately represented in national estimates and compilations of water use.
Regional research on water use in New England includes topics such as water demand forecasts, sustainable water availability, and domestic well locations and water withdrawals. The New England Water Science Center also engages in research on impacts of groundwater pumping for water quantity and water quality, and socioeconomic factors affecting water availability and the quality of water availability. More information on specific projects can be found under the Science Tab on this page.
Beginning in 1950, the USGS compiled snapshots of the nation’s water usage every 5 years by state, county, and intermittently by regional watershed. In 2020, the USGS moved away from compiling reported water use data and began developing computer models that produce estimates of water use that are more consistent across state lines. The reported data from states are still used though – these data are used as inputs to the models and allow researchers to check that the model estimates are accurate. The more data that is available in a region, the more accurate the model estimates can be as a result. Modelled water use estimates for 2020 and other years are available for public supply, crop irrigation, thermoelectric power generation, self-supplied industrial, self-supplied domestic, livestock, and aquaculture, and are summarized by the USGS Integrated Water Availability Assessments chapter “Water use across the conterminous United States, water years 2010 – 20”. Estimates for mining are anticipated to be available by the end of 2026.
Related Information
-
Water Withdrawal, Use, and Return Flows by Providence Water from the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island Water Withdrawal, Use, and Return Flows by Providence Water from the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island
Water use is defined as how humans interact with the hydrologic cycle, and includes water withdrawal, delivery, consumptive use, wastewater release, and reclaimed wastewater. This schematic shows how these elements are interconnected.
Below are links to the USGS national water-use website and water-use web pages for the New England states.
Water Use in the United States
Accessing Water Use Data
Assessing Sustainable Water Use in Connecticut
Enhancing Water and Sewer Utility Mapping in Massachusetts
Estimating Nitrogen Loading from Groundwater and Potential Effects of Sea-Level Rise in Rhode Island's Salt Ponds Region
USGS to Improve Water Use Data Management for State of Massachusetts
Withdrawals for Bottled Water
Investigating Connections Between Socioeconomic Data and Populations Susceptible to Private Well-Water Concerns in New Hampshire
Predictive Analysis of Water Demand for Providence, Rhode Island
Assessment of Nutrient Transport and Discharge to Coastal Embayments, Wickford, Rhode Island
The Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator: A Decision-Support Tool to Estimate Streamflow and Water Availability at Ungaged, User-Defined Stream Locations in Connecticut
Estimation of Daily Streamflow and Water Availability in the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator, Version 2.0
Livestock water-use withdrawal estimates for 2022 by 12-digit hydrologic unit code, county, month, and year for the United States, excluding territories Livestock water-use withdrawal estimates for 2022 by 12-digit hydrologic unit code, county, month, and year for the United States, excluding territories
Aquaculture water-use withdrawal estimates for 2013, 2018, and 2023 by state and year for the United States, excluding territories Aquaculture water-use withdrawal estimates for 2013, 2018, and 2023 by state and year for the United States, excluding territories
Industrial water use for 2020 by county, HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States Industrial water use for 2020 by county, HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States
Synthesized Domestic Well Database for the Conterminous United States Synthesized Domestic Well Database for the Conterminous United States
Domestic self-supplied household locations, counts, and withdrawal estimates in the conterminous United States: model and dataset for decadal year 2020 Domestic self-supplied household locations, counts, and withdrawal estimates in the conterminous United States: model and dataset for decadal year 2020
Inventory of water bottling facilities in the United States, 2024, and select water-use data, 1955-2023 (ver. 2.0, November 2024) Inventory of water bottling facilities in the United States, 2024, and select water-use data, 1955-2023 (ver. 2.0, November 2024)
Monthly and Annual population and water withdrawal maps of Rhode Island 2014-2021 Monthly and Annual population and water withdrawal maps of Rhode Island 2014-2021
Model Archive, Input Data, Modeled Estimates of Water Use 2005-2021, and Forecasts of Water Use in 2030 and 2040 in Providence, Rhode Island Model Archive, Input Data, Modeled Estimates of Water Use 2005-2021, and Forecasts of Water Use in 2030 and 2040 in Providence, Rhode Island
Public supply water use reanalysis for the 2000-2020 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, August 2024) Public supply water use reanalysis for the 2000-2020 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, August 2024)
Thermoelectric-power water use reanalysis for the 2008-2020 period by power plant, month, and year for the conterminous United States Thermoelectric-power water use reanalysis for the 2008-2020 period by power plant, month, and year for the conterminous United States
Irrigation water use reanalysis for the 2000-20 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, September 2024) Irrigation water use reanalysis for the 2000-20 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States (ver. 2.0, September 2024)
Data for Regression Models to Estimate Water Use in Providence, Rhode Island, 2014-2021 Data for Regression Models to Estimate Water Use in Providence, Rhode Island, 2014-2021
Below are selected publications associated with water use in the United States and New England.
Effects of groundwater withdrawals for water bottling and municipal use, Wards Brook Valley, Maine and New Hampshire Effects of groundwater withdrawals for water bottling and municipal use, Wards Brook Valley, Maine and New Hampshire
Harmonization of a water withdrawal dataset for the conterminous United States Harmonization of a water withdrawal dataset for the conterminous United States
Water withdrawal and consumption trends for thermoelectric-power plants in the conterminous United States, 2008-2020 Water withdrawal and consumption trends for thermoelectric-power plants in the conterminous United States, 2008-2020
Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States
Water use across the conterminous United States, water years 2010–20 Water use across the conterminous United States, water years 2010–20
Automating physics-based models to estimate thermoelectric-power water use Automating physics-based models to estimate thermoelectric-power water use
Estimating domestic self-supplied water use in Rhode Island, 2014–21 Estimating domestic self-supplied water use in Rhode Island, 2014–21
Data and knowledge gaps of a water bottling facility inventory and select water-use dataset, United States Data and knowledge gaps of a water bottling facility inventory and select water-use dataset, United States
A predictive analysis of water use for Providence, Rhode Island A predictive analysis of water use for Providence, Rhode Island
Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks Next generation public supply water withdrawal estimation for the conterminous United States using machine learning and operational frameworks
Development and evaluation of public-supply community water service area boundaries for the conterminous United States Development and evaluation of public-supply community water service area boundaries for the conterminous United States
Assessment of factors that influence human water demand for Providence, Rhode Island Assessment of factors that influence human water demand for Providence, Rhode Island
Below are FAQ related to water use.
Below are partners associated with this project.