Julie Hobbs, a USGS hydrologic technician, installs a wave sensor near Venice, Fla., Monday, October 7, 2024, ahead of Hurricane Milton’s projected landfall in Florida’s Gulf Coast Wednesday. USGS photo by Sean Townsend.
What is the role of the USGS in responding to hurricanes?
The USGS creates detailed maps of our Nation’s shorelines, dunes, and coastal cliffs, and studies how storm processes impact our coastlines. This information is used to predict and map coastal vulnerability to changes caused by major storms, long-term shoreline erosion, sea-level rise, and sea cliff erosion.
One example is the USGS Total Water Level and Coastal Change Forecast Viewer, which uses storm surge predictions, wave forecast models, beach slope, and dune height to predict how high waves and surge will move up a beach during a hurricane and whether the protective dunes will be overtopped. This helps emergency managers identify where serious problems are likely to occur during a storm.
The USGS also often deploys a network of storm-tide sensors at key locations when a hurricane is approaching the coast. The information they collect helps public officials assess storm damage, discern between wind and flood damage, and improve computer models used to forecast future floods.
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Related
Why is elevation data so important to forecasting hurricane impact?
The fundamental lesson of Hurricane Sandy in 2012 (and prior catastrophic storms and hurricanes) was that storm vulnerability is first and foremost a consequence of elevation. The height at which infrastructure, resources, and communities sit in relation to average tides and water levels, storm waves, surge, and flood waters determines their exposure to overwhelmingly powerful damaging forces...
Could a large tsunami happen in the United States?
Large tsunamis have occurred in the United States and will undoubtedly occur again. Significant earthquakes around the Pacific rim have generated tsunamis that struck Hawaii, Alaska, and the U.S. west coast. One of the largest and most devastating tsunamis that Hawaii has experienced was in 1946 from an earthquake along the Aleutian subduction zone. Runup heights reached a maximum of 33 to 55 feet...
What is the difference between a tsunami and a tidal wave?
Although both are sea waves, a tsunami and a tidal wave are two different and unrelated phenomena. A tidal wave is a shallow water wave caused by the gravitational interactions between the Sun, Moon, and Earth ("tidal wave" was used in earlier times to describe what we now call a tsunami.) A tsunami is an ocean wave triggered by large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean, volcanic...
What are tsunamis?
Tsunamis are ocean waves triggered by: Large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean Volcanic eruptions Submarine landslides Onshore landslides in which large volumes of debris fall into the water Scientists do not use the term "tidal wave" because these waves are not caused by tides. Tsunami waves are unlike typical ocean waves generated by wind and storms, and most tsunamis do not "break"...
How are floods predicted?
Flood predictions require several types of data: The amount of rainfall occurring on a real-time basis. The rate of change in river stage on a real-time basis, which can help indicate the severity and immediacy of the threat. Knowledge about the type of storm producing the moisture, such as duration, intensity and areal extent, which can be valuable for determining possible severity of the...
What are the two types of floods?
There are two basic types of floods: flash floods and the more widespread river floods. Flash floods generally cause greater loss of life and river floods generally cause greater loss of property. A flash flood occurs when runoff from excessive rainfall causes a rapid rise in the water height (stage) of a stream or normally-dry channel. Flash floods are more common in areas with a dry climate and...
Where can I find flood maps?
FEMA is the official public source for flood maps for insurance purposes: FEMA’s Flood Map Service Center FEMA’s National Flood Hazard Layer NOAA is responsible for producing flood forecast maps that combine precipitation data with USGS streamflow data: NWS - National Water Prediction Service: River forecasts and long range flood outlook Coastal Inundation Dashboard: Real-time and historical...
USGS installs wave sensors in Florida before Hurricane Milton makes landfall
Julie Hobbs, a USGS hydrologic technician, installs a wave sensor near Venice, Fla., Monday, October 7, 2024, ahead of Hurricane Milton’s projected landfall in Florida’s Gulf Coast Wednesday. USGS photo by Sean Townsend.
CoastCam - Hurricane Helene
CoastCam on Madeira Beach in Florida showing coastal conditions during the approach of Hurricane Helene on September 26, 2024.
CoastCam on Madeira Beach in Florida showing coastal conditions during the approach of Hurricane Helene on September 26, 2024.
National Hurricane Center Satellite Imagery
National Hurricane Center satellite imagery of the Gulf of Mexico on August 5, 2024.
National Hurricane Center satellite imagery of the Gulf of Mexico on August 5, 2024.
Hurricane Ian approaching Florida
This image shows Hurricane Ian making its first U.S. landfall in southwest Florida near Cayo Costa September 28, 2022, bringing with it extreme storm surge, category 4 winds and a deluge of rain. Ian made a second U.S. landfall September 30, 2022, in Georgetown, South Carolina. Photos by NOAA.
This image shows Hurricane Ian making its first U.S. landfall in southwest Florida near Cayo Costa September 28, 2022, bringing with it extreme storm surge, category 4 winds and a deluge of rain. Ian made a second U.S. landfall September 30, 2022, in Georgetown, South Carolina. Photos by NOAA.
Sensor deployed before Hurricane Ian
As part of the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), USGS works with several partner agencies to increase our knowledge of how storms impact and shape our coasts.
As part of the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), USGS works with several partner agencies to increase our knowledge of how storms impact and shape our coasts.
USGS Hurricane Preparedness
Before a hurricane, USGS Scientists undertake a data collection effort of a grand scale. They install a temporary mobile network of sensors along the coasts to collect additional data on the intensity of storm surge, one of the most dangerous elements of a hurricane.
Before a hurricane, USGS Scientists undertake a data collection effort of a grand scale. They install a temporary mobile network of sensors along the coasts to collect additional data on the intensity of storm surge, one of the most dangerous elements of a hurricane.
Beach erosion, North Carolina, 2011, caused by Hurricane Irene.
Oblique aerial photograph near Rodanthe, NC, along the coast on August 30, 2011, three days after landfall of Hurricane Irene. A breach was carved through the barrier island, severing NC Highway 12. The storm surge was approximately 2 m high on the sound-side and was less on the ocean-side.
Oblique aerial photograph near Rodanthe, NC, along the coast on August 30, 2011, three days after landfall of Hurricane Irene. A breach was carved through the barrier island, severing NC Highway 12. The storm surge was approximately 2 m high on the sound-side and was less on the ocean-side.
Surveying High-Water Marks after Hurricane Sandy
USGS hydrologic technician Amy Simonson surveying a high-water mark on Liberty Island, New York.
USGS hydrologic technician Amy Simonson surveying a high-water mark on Liberty Island, New York.
Surveying High-Water Marks after Hurricane Sandy
USGS hydrologic technician Amy Simonson surveying a high-water mark on Liberty Island, New York.
USGS hydrologic technician Amy Simonson surveying a high-water mark on Liberty Island, New York.
Aerial photograph of Hurricane Sandy storm damage at Mantoloking, New Jersey coastline.
Storm Surge Sensor During Hurricane Irene
During hurricanes the USGS deploys storm-surge monitoring instruments along the coasts, sounds, and bays in impacted areas to gauge how high hurricanes push water in rivers, bays and other areas. The sensors are crucial for forecasting future storms and assessing hurricane damage.
During hurricanes the USGS deploys storm-surge monitoring instruments along the coasts, sounds, and bays in impacted areas to gauge how high hurricanes push water in rivers, bays and other areas. The sensors are crucial for forecasting future storms and assessing hurricane damage.
Documenting Deployment of Hurricane Irene Storm Surge Sensor
John Erbland, Hydrologic Technician with the USGS South Carolina Water Science Center, holds a white board with information on the Hurricane Irene storm surge sensor deployment on a pier by the U.S. Coast Guard Station in the town of Wrightsville Beach.
John Erbland, Hydrologic Technician with the USGS South Carolina Water Science Center, holds a white board with information on the Hurricane Irene storm surge sensor deployment on a pier by the U.S. Coast Guard Station in the town of Wrightsville Beach.
Storm surge sensor installation prior to Hurricane Irene landfall
Storm surge sensor installation prior to Hurricane Irene landfall
Storm surge sensor installation prior to Hurricane Irene landfall
Hurricane Hugo, Storm-surge monitoring techniques, twenty-years later
South Carolina Water Science Center Surface Water Specialist Paul Conrads discusses USGS storm-surge monitoring techniques changes since Hurricane Hugo in 1989.
South Carolina Water Science Center Surface Water Specialist Paul Conrads discusses USGS storm-surge monitoring techniques changes since Hurricane Hugo in 1989.
Hurricanes and Extreme Storms--Coastal Hazards, Assessments, and Changes
Each year hurricanes and tropical storms cause billions of dollars worth of damage to the Eastern United States. With the peak period being August and September, it's the perfect time to remind ourselves of the risks and discuss what research the USGS does in regard to hurricanes and strong storms.
Each year hurricanes and tropical storms cause billions of dollars worth of damage to the Eastern United States. With the peak period being August and September, it's the perfect time to remind ourselves of the risks and discuss what research the USGS does in regard to hurricanes and strong storms.
Homes After Hurricane Isabel
Houses in Rodanthe, NC, are left in the waves at the ocean's edge following the passage of Hurricane Isabel, which made landfall as a category 2 storm in the Outer Banks on September 18, 2003.
Houses in Rodanthe, NC, are left in the waves at the ocean's edge following the passage of Hurricane Isabel, which made landfall as a category 2 storm in the Outer Banks on September 18, 2003.
Deploying Sensors During Hurricane Joaquin
USGS scientist Carlos Rodriguez, deploying a sensor at Newmarket Creek at Mercury Boulevard in Hampton, VA.
USGS scientist Carlos Rodriguez, deploying a sensor at Newmarket Creek at Mercury Boulevard in Hampton, VA.
Related
Why is elevation data so important to forecasting hurricane impact?
The fundamental lesson of Hurricane Sandy in 2012 (and prior catastrophic storms and hurricanes) was that storm vulnerability is first and foremost a consequence of elevation. The height at which infrastructure, resources, and communities sit in relation to average tides and water levels, storm waves, surge, and flood waters determines their exposure to overwhelmingly powerful damaging forces...
Could a large tsunami happen in the United States?
Large tsunamis have occurred in the United States and will undoubtedly occur again. Significant earthquakes around the Pacific rim have generated tsunamis that struck Hawaii, Alaska, and the U.S. west coast. One of the largest and most devastating tsunamis that Hawaii has experienced was in 1946 from an earthquake along the Aleutian subduction zone. Runup heights reached a maximum of 33 to 55 feet...
What is the difference between a tsunami and a tidal wave?
Although both are sea waves, a tsunami and a tidal wave are two different and unrelated phenomena. A tidal wave is a shallow water wave caused by the gravitational interactions between the Sun, Moon, and Earth ("tidal wave" was used in earlier times to describe what we now call a tsunami.) A tsunami is an ocean wave triggered by large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean, volcanic...
What are tsunamis?
Tsunamis are ocean waves triggered by: Large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean Volcanic eruptions Submarine landslides Onshore landslides in which large volumes of debris fall into the water Scientists do not use the term "tidal wave" because these waves are not caused by tides. Tsunami waves are unlike typical ocean waves generated by wind and storms, and most tsunamis do not "break"...
How are floods predicted?
Flood predictions require several types of data: The amount of rainfall occurring on a real-time basis. The rate of change in river stage on a real-time basis, which can help indicate the severity and immediacy of the threat. Knowledge about the type of storm producing the moisture, such as duration, intensity and areal extent, which can be valuable for determining possible severity of the...
What are the two types of floods?
There are two basic types of floods: flash floods and the more widespread river floods. Flash floods generally cause greater loss of life and river floods generally cause greater loss of property. A flash flood occurs when runoff from excessive rainfall causes a rapid rise in the water height (stage) of a stream or normally-dry channel. Flash floods are more common in areas with a dry climate and...
Where can I find flood maps?
FEMA is the official public source for flood maps for insurance purposes: FEMA’s Flood Map Service Center FEMA’s National Flood Hazard Layer NOAA is responsible for producing flood forecast maps that combine precipitation data with USGS streamflow data: NWS - National Water Prediction Service: River forecasts and long range flood outlook Coastal Inundation Dashboard: Real-time and historical...
USGS installs wave sensors in Florida before Hurricane Milton makes landfall
Julie Hobbs, a USGS hydrologic technician, installs a wave sensor near Venice, Fla., Monday, October 7, 2024, ahead of Hurricane Milton’s projected landfall in Florida’s Gulf Coast Wednesday. USGS photo by Sean Townsend.
Julie Hobbs, a USGS hydrologic technician, installs a wave sensor near Venice, Fla., Monday, October 7, 2024, ahead of Hurricane Milton’s projected landfall in Florida’s Gulf Coast Wednesday. USGS photo by Sean Townsend.
CoastCam - Hurricane Helene
CoastCam on Madeira Beach in Florida showing coastal conditions during the approach of Hurricane Helene on September 26, 2024.
CoastCam on Madeira Beach in Florida showing coastal conditions during the approach of Hurricane Helene on September 26, 2024.
National Hurricane Center Satellite Imagery
National Hurricane Center satellite imagery of the Gulf of Mexico on August 5, 2024.
National Hurricane Center satellite imagery of the Gulf of Mexico on August 5, 2024.
Hurricane Ian approaching Florida
This image shows Hurricane Ian making its first U.S. landfall in southwest Florida near Cayo Costa September 28, 2022, bringing with it extreme storm surge, category 4 winds and a deluge of rain. Ian made a second U.S. landfall September 30, 2022, in Georgetown, South Carolina. Photos by NOAA.
This image shows Hurricane Ian making its first U.S. landfall in southwest Florida near Cayo Costa September 28, 2022, bringing with it extreme storm surge, category 4 winds and a deluge of rain. Ian made a second U.S. landfall September 30, 2022, in Georgetown, South Carolina. Photos by NOAA.
Sensor deployed before Hurricane Ian
As part of the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), USGS works with several partner agencies to increase our knowledge of how storms impact and shape our coasts.
As part of the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), USGS works with several partner agencies to increase our knowledge of how storms impact and shape our coasts.
USGS Hurricane Preparedness
Before a hurricane, USGS Scientists undertake a data collection effort of a grand scale. They install a temporary mobile network of sensors along the coasts to collect additional data on the intensity of storm surge, one of the most dangerous elements of a hurricane.
Before a hurricane, USGS Scientists undertake a data collection effort of a grand scale. They install a temporary mobile network of sensors along the coasts to collect additional data on the intensity of storm surge, one of the most dangerous elements of a hurricane.
Beach erosion, North Carolina, 2011, caused by Hurricane Irene.
Oblique aerial photograph near Rodanthe, NC, along the coast on August 30, 2011, three days after landfall of Hurricane Irene. A breach was carved through the barrier island, severing NC Highway 12. The storm surge was approximately 2 m high on the sound-side and was less on the ocean-side.
Oblique aerial photograph near Rodanthe, NC, along the coast on August 30, 2011, three days after landfall of Hurricane Irene. A breach was carved through the barrier island, severing NC Highway 12. The storm surge was approximately 2 m high on the sound-side and was less on the ocean-side.
Surveying High-Water Marks after Hurricane Sandy
USGS hydrologic technician Amy Simonson surveying a high-water mark on Liberty Island, New York.
USGS hydrologic technician Amy Simonson surveying a high-water mark on Liberty Island, New York.
Surveying High-Water Marks after Hurricane Sandy
USGS hydrologic technician Amy Simonson surveying a high-water mark on Liberty Island, New York.
USGS hydrologic technician Amy Simonson surveying a high-water mark on Liberty Island, New York.
Aerial photograph of Hurricane Sandy storm damage at Mantoloking, New Jersey coastline.
Storm Surge Sensor During Hurricane Irene
During hurricanes the USGS deploys storm-surge monitoring instruments along the coasts, sounds, and bays in impacted areas to gauge how high hurricanes push water in rivers, bays and other areas. The sensors are crucial for forecasting future storms and assessing hurricane damage.
During hurricanes the USGS deploys storm-surge monitoring instruments along the coasts, sounds, and bays in impacted areas to gauge how high hurricanes push water in rivers, bays and other areas. The sensors are crucial for forecasting future storms and assessing hurricane damage.
Documenting Deployment of Hurricane Irene Storm Surge Sensor
John Erbland, Hydrologic Technician with the USGS South Carolina Water Science Center, holds a white board with information on the Hurricane Irene storm surge sensor deployment on a pier by the U.S. Coast Guard Station in the town of Wrightsville Beach.
John Erbland, Hydrologic Technician with the USGS South Carolina Water Science Center, holds a white board with information on the Hurricane Irene storm surge sensor deployment on a pier by the U.S. Coast Guard Station in the town of Wrightsville Beach.
Storm surge sensor installation prior to Hurricane Irene landfall
Storm surge sensor installation prior to Hurricane Irene landfall
Storm surge sensor installation prior to Hurricane Irene landfall
Hurricane Hugo, Storm-surge monitoring techniques, twenty-years later
South Carolina Water Science Center Surface Water Specialist Paul Conrads discusses USGS storm-surge monitoring techniques changes since Hurricane Hugo in 1989.
South Carolina Water Science Center Surface Water Specialist Paul Conrads discusses USGS storm-surge monitoring techniques changes since Hurricane Hugo in 1989.
Hurricanes and Extreme Storms--Coastal Hazards, Assessments, and Changes
Each year hurricanes and tropical storms cause billions of dollars worth of damage to the Eastern United States. With the peak period being August and September, it's the perfect time to remind ourselves of the risks and discuss what research the USGS does in regard to hurricanes and strong storms.
Each year hurricanes and tropical storms cause billions of dollars worth of damage to the Eastern United States. With the peak period being August and September, it's the perfect time to remind ourselves of the risks and discuss what research the USGS does in regard to hurricanes and strong storms.
Homes After Hurricane Isabel
Houses in Rodanthe, NC, are left in the waves at the ocean's edge following the passage of Hurricane Isabel, which made landfall as a category 2 storm in the Outer Banks on September 18, 2003.
Houses in Rodanthe, NC, are left in the waves at the ocean's edge following the passage of Hurricane Isabel, which made landfall as a category 2 storm in the Outer Banks on September 18, 2003.
Deploying Sensors During Hurricane Joaquin
USGS scientist Carlos Rodriguez, deploying a sensor at Newmarket Creek at Mercury Boulevard in Hampton, VA.
USGS scientist Carlos Rodriguez, deploying a sensor at Newmarket Creek at Mercury Boulevard in Hampton, VA.
Updated Date: April 15, 2025