Kelly Smalling
I am interested in the exposure and effects of contaminants including current-use pesticides and other endocrine active compounds on fish and wildlife with a focus on amphibian populations.
I am an environmental organic chemist who has been working with the USGS since 2004. My current research focuses on the occurrence, fate and effects of emerging contaminants including current-use pesticides in the environment. I am the lead for the Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative's Contaminants Project, the project coordinator of the "EDC effects on fish and wildlife in the Cheseapeake Bay Watershed" project through the Contaminants Biology Program, and a member of the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program's Pesticide Fate Research Team.
Education and Certifications
BS in Chemistry from the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 1999
MSPH in Environmental Health Science from the University of South Carolina in 2003
Science and Products
Pesticides and Amphibian Pathogens in Natural and Created Wetlands in the New Jersey Pinelands
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Prevalence of Intersex in Fish Populations in New Jersey
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Science Team
Pesticides Common in California Estuary
Pesticides Found in Amphibians from Remote Areas in California
Mixtures of Pesticides Detected in Crab Embryos
Pesticide residues in passive samplers and bee tissue from Conservation Reserve Program fields across an agricultural gradient in eastern Iowa, USA, 2019 (ver 2.0, October 2023) Pesticide residues in passive samplers and bee tissue from Conservation Reserve Program fields across an agricultural gradient in eastern Iowa, USA, 2019 (ver 2.0, October 2023)
Organic and inorganic constituents in surface water and native and non-native fish and frog health data collected from streams, impoundments and wetlands in the New Jersey Pinelands, 2017-2020 (ver. 1.1, August 2022) Organic and inorganic constituents in surface water and native and non-native fish and frog health data collected from streams, impoundments and wetlands in the New Jersey Pinelands, 2017-2020 (ver. 1.1, August 2022)
Current-use pesticides, nutrients, chloride, and metals in ponds and stormwater basins of the New Jersey Pinelands, 2018-20 Current-use pesticides, nutrients, chloride, and metals in ponds and stormwater basins of the New Jersey Pinelands, 2018-20
Target-Chemical Concentration Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical and Biological Exposures in North Dakota and South Dakota Tapwater, 2019 Target-Chemical Concentration Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical and Biological Exposures in North Dakota and South Dakota Tapwater, 2019
Concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents in tapwater samples from California in 2020-21 (ver. 3.1, March 2024) Concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents in tapwater samples from California in 2020-21 (ver. 3.1, March 2024)
Current use pesticides in larval amphibian tissues, amphibian pathogen and wetland sediment screening data from three northeastern National Wildlife Refuges, 2013-2014 Current use pesticides in larval amphibian tissues, amphibian pathogen and wetland sediment screening data from three northeastern National Wildlife Refuges, 2013-2014
Metal concentrations in sediment and amphibian tissues from wetlands sampled across the United States Metal concentrations in sediment and amphibian tissues from wetlands sampled across the United States
Pesticide concentrations in surface waters of the Sacramento Valley rice-growing regions, 2010 Pesticide concentrations in surface waters of the Sacramento Valley rice-growing regions, 2010
Estrogen equivalents of surface water and smallmouth bass estrogenic biomarker data in New Jersey, 2016-2017 Estrogen equivalents of surface water and smallmouth bass estrogenic biomarker data in New Jersey, 2016-2017
Nutrients, estrogenicity, and fecal indicators in surface water collected from wetlands in the Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon, 2017-2018 Nutrients, estrogenicity, and fecal indicators in surface water collected from wetlands in the Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon, 2017-2018
Chloride in water, metals in sediment and amphibian tissues and amphibian capture information from wetlands in the Williston Basin of Montana and North Dakota, 2015-2017 Chloride in water, metals in sediment and amphibian tissues and amphibian capture information from wetlands in the Williston Basin of Montana and North Dakota, 2015-2017
Current-use pesticides and emerging amphibian pathogens in natural ponds, excavated ponds, and stormwater basins from 24 sites varying in land-use classifications throughout the New Jersey Pinelands, 2014-2016 Current-use pesticides and emerging amphibian pathogens in natural ponds, excavated ponds, and stormwater basins from 24 sites varying in land-use classifications throughout the New Jersey Pinelands, 2014-2016
Broad-scale assessment of methylmercury in adult amphibians Broad-scale assessment of methylmercury in adult amphibians
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications
Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA
Density declines, richness increases, and composition shifts in stream macroinvertebrates Density declines, richness increases, and composition shifts in stream macroinvertebrates
Predicted aquatic exposure effects from a national urban stormwater study Predicted aquatic exposure effects from a national urban stormwater study
Energy-related wastewater contamination alters microbial communities of sediment, water, and amphibian skin Energy-related wastewater contamination alters microbial communities of sediment, water, and amphibian skin
Improving understanding and coordination of science activities for PFAS in the Chesapeake watershed Improving understanding and coordination of science activities for PFAS in the Chesapeake watershed
Juxtaposition of intensive agriculture, vulnerable aquifers, and mixed chemical/microbial exposures in private-well tapwater in northeast Iowa Juxtaposition of intensive agriculture, vulnerable aquifers, and mixed chemical/microbial exposures in private-well tapwater in northeast Iowa
Occurrence of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in groundwater and tapwater, town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22 Occurrence of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in groundwater and tapwater, town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22
Wild bee exposure to pesticides in conservation grasslands increases along an agricultural gradient: A tale of two sample types Wild bee exposure to pesticides in conservation grasslands increases along an agricultural gradient: A tale of two sample types
Bottled water contaminant exposures and potential human effects Bottled water contaminant exposures and potential human effects
Estrogenic activity response to best management practice implementation in agricultural watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay watershed Estrogenic activity response to best management practice implementation in agricultural watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
Pesticides and Amphibian Pathogens in Natural and Created Wetlands in the New Jersey Pinelands
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Prevalence of Intersex in Fish Populations in New Jersey
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Science Team
Pesticides Common in California Estuary
Pesticides Found in Amphibians from Remote Areas in California
Mixtures of Pesticides Detected in Crab Embryos
Pesticide residues in passive samplers and bee tissue from Conservation Reserve Program fields across an agricultural gradient in eastern Iowa, USA, 2019 (ver 2.0, October 2023) Pesticide residues in passive samplers and bee tissue from Conservation Reserve Program fields across an agricultural gradient in eastern Iowa, USA, 2019 (ver 2.0, October 2023)
Organic and inorganic constituents in surface water and native and non-native fish and frog health data collected from streams, impoundments and wetlands in the New Jersey Pinelands, 2017-2020 (ver. 1.1, August 2022) Organic and inorganic constituents in surface water and native and non-native fish and frog health data collected from streams, impoundments and wetlands in the New Jersey Pinelands, 2017-2020 (ver. 1.1, August 2022)
Current-use pesticides, nutrients, chloride, and metals in ponds and stormwater basins of the New Jersey Pinelands, 2018-20 Current-use pesticides, nutrients, chloride, and metals in ponds and stormwater basins of the New Jersey Pinelands, 2018-20
Target-Chemical Concentration Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical and Biological Exposures in North Dakota and South Dakota Tapwater, 2019 Target-Chemical Concentration Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical and Biological Exposures in North Dakota and South Dakota Tapwater, 2019
Concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents in tapwater samples from California in 2020-21 (ver. 3.1, March 2024) Concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents in tapwater samples from California in 2020-21 (ver. 3.1, March 2024)
Current use pesticides in larval amphibian tissues, amphibian pathogen and wetland sediment screening data from three northeastern National Wildlife Refuges, 2013-2014 Current use pesticides in larval amphibian tissues, amphibian pathogen and wetland sediment screening data from three northeastern National Wildlife Refuges, 2013-2014
Metal concentrations in sediment and amphibian tissues from wetlands sampled across the United States Metal concentrations in sediment and amphibian tissues from wetlands sampled across the United States
Pesticide concentrations in surface waters of the Sacramento Valley rice-growing regions, 2010 Pesticide concentrations in surface waters of the Sacramento Valley rice-growing regions, 2010
Estrogen equivalents of surface water and smallmouth bass estrogenic biomarker data in New Jersey, 2016-2017 Estrogen equivalents of surface water and smallmouth bass estrogenic biomarker data in New Jersey, 2016-2017
Nutrients, estrogenicity, and fecal indicators in surface water collected from wetlands in the Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon, 2017-2018 Nutrients, estrogenicity, and fecal indicators in surface water collected from wetlands in the Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon, 2017-2018
Chloride in water, metals in sediment and amphibian tissues and amphibian capture information from wetlands in the Williston Basin of Montana and North Dakota, 2015-2017 Chloride in water, metals in sediment and amphibian tissues and amphibian capture information from wetlands in the Williston Basin of Montana and North Dakota, 2015-2017
Current-use pesticides and emerging amphibian pathogens in natural ponds, excavated ponds, and stormwater basins from 24 sites varying in land-use classifications throughout the New Jersey Pinelands, 2014-2016 Current-use pesticides and emerging amphibian pathogens in natural ponds, excavated ponds, and stormwater basins from 24 sites varying in land-use classifications throughout the New Jersey Pinelands, 2014-2016
Broad-scale assessment of methylmercury in adult amphibians Broad-scale assessment of methylmercury in adult amphibians
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications
Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA
Density declines, richness increases, and composition shifts in stream macroinvertebrates Density declines, richness increases, and composition shifts in stream macroinvertebrates
Predicted aquatic exposure effects from a national urban stormwater study Predicted aquatic exposure effects from a national urban stormwater study
Energy-related wastewater contamination alters microbial communities of sediment, water, and amphibian skin Energy-related wastewater contamination alters microbial communities of sediment, water, and amphibian skin
Improving understanding and coordination of science activities for PFAS in the Chesapeake watershed Improving understanding and coordination of science activities for PFAS in the Chesapeake watershed
Juxtaposition of intensive agriculture, vulnerable aquifers, and mixed chemical/microbial exposures in private-well tapwater in northeast Iowa Juxtaposition of intensive agriculture, vulnerable aquifers, and mixed chemical/microbial exposures in private-well tapwater in northeast Iowa
Occurrence of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in groundwater and tapwater, town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22 Occurrence of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in groundwater and tapwater, town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22
Wild bee exposure to pesticides in conservation grasslands increases along an agricultural gradient: A tale of two sample types Wild bee exposure to pesticides in conservation grasslands increases along an agricultural gradient: A tale of two sample types
Bottled water contaminant exposures and potential human effects Bottled water contaminant exposures and potential human effects
Estrogenic activity response to best management practice implementation in agricultural watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay watershed Estrogenic activity response to best management practice implementation in agricultural watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.