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Evaluation for internal consistency in the thermodynamic network involving fluorite, cryolite and villiaumite solubilities and aqueous species at 25°C and 1 bar Evaluation for internal consistency in the thermodynamic network involving fluorite, cryolite and villiaumite solubilities and aqueous species at 25°C and 1 bar

Thermodynamic data are constrained by the interrelated thermodynamic equations in addition to the observational measurements and their uncertainties. The consequence is a network of thermodynamic properties that can be evaluated for their internal consistency. In this study, three fluoride minerals that can cause high fluoride concentrations in groundwaters are evaluated for their...
Authors
D. Kirk Nordstrom

Atmospheric waves and global seismoacoustic observations of the January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga Atmospheric waves and global seismoacoustic observations of the January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga

The 15 January 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, produced an explosion in the atmosphere of a size that has not been documented in the modern geophysical record. The event generated a broad range of atmospheric waves observed globally by various ground-based and spaceborne instrumentation networks. Most prominent was the surface-guided Lamb wave (≲0.01 hertz), which we...
Authors
Robin S. Matoza, David Fee, Jelle D. Assink, Alexandra M. Iezzi, David N. Green, Keehoon Kim, Liam Toney, Thomas Lecocq, Siddharth Krishnamoorthy, Jean-Marie Lalande, Kiwamu Nishida, Kent L. Gee, Matthew M. Haney, Hugo D. Ortiz, Quentin Brissaud, Leo Martire, Lucie Rolland, Panagiotis Vergados, Alexandra Nippress, Junghyun Park, Shahar Shani-Kadmiel, Alex Witsil, Stephen Arrowsmith, Corentin Caudron, Shingo Watada, Anna Perttu, Benoit Taisne, Pierrick Mialle, Alexis Le Pichon, Julien Vergoz, Patrick Hupe, Philip S. Blom, Roger M. Waxler, Silvio De Angelis, Jonathan Snively, Adam T. Ringler, Robert E. Anthony, A.D. Jolly, Geoff Kilgour, Gil Averbuch, Maurizio Ripepe, Mie Ichihara, Alejandra Arciniega-Ceballos, Elvira Astafyeva, Lars Ceranna, Sandrine Cevuard, Il-Young Che, Rodrigo de Negri Leiva, Carl W. Ebeling, Laslo G. Evers, Luis E. Franco-Marin, Tom Gabrielson, Katrin Hafner, R. Giles Harrison, Attila Komjathy, Giorgio Lacanna, John J. Lyons, Kenneth A. Macpherson, Emanuele Marchetti, Kathleen McKee, Rob Mellors, Gerardo Mendo-Perez, T. Dylan Mikesell, Edhah Munaibari, Mayra Oyola-Merced, Iseul Park, Christoph Pilger, Cristina Ramos, Mario Ruiz, Roberto Sabatini, Hans Schwaiger, Dorianne Tailpied, Carrick Talmadge, Jerome Vidot, Jeremy Webster, David C. Wilson

Structured elicitation of expert judgement in real-time eruption scenarios: An exercise for Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion island Structured elicitation of expert judgement in real-time eruption scenarios: An exercise for Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion island

Formalised elicitation of expert judgements has been used to help tackle several problematic societal issues, including volcanic crises and pandemic threats. We present an expert elicitation exercise for Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion island, held remotely in April 2021. This involved 28 experts from nine countries who considered a hypothetical effusive eruption crisis...
Authors
Alessandro Tadini, Andrew J. L. Harris, Julie Morin, Andrea Bevilacqua, Aline Peltier, Willy Aspinall, Stefano Ciolli, Patrick Bachelery, Benjamin Bernard, Jonas Biren, Antonio Brum da Silveira, Valery Cayol, Oryaelle Chevrel, Diego Coppola, Hannah R. Dietterich, Amy Donovan, Olaya Dorado, Stephane Drenne, Olivier Dupere, Lucia Gurioli, Stephan Kolzenburg, Jean-Christophe Komorowski, Philippe Labazuy, Domenico Mangione, Stefano Mannini, Francois Martel-Asselin, Etienne Medard, Sophie Pailot-Bonnetat, Victoria Rafflin, Michael Ramsey, Nicole Richter, Silvia Vallejo-Vargas, Nicolas Villeneuve, Silvia Zafrilla

Physical and geochemical architecture and age of the Pliocene Bicycle Lake basalt, southeastern Fort Irwin, California Physical and geochemical architecture and age of the Pliocene Bicycle Lake basalt, southeastern Fort Irwin, California

The informally named Bicycle Lake basalt forms a volcanic field in southeastern Fort Irwin, California, disrupted by three east-striking faults and linked cross-faults of the Eastern California Shear Zone, and its distribution provides a framework for assessing volcanic field development, groundwater resources, and fault offsets. Previous geochronologic studies yielded ages ranging from...
Authors
David C. Buesch, David M. Miller, Mark E. Stelten

Modeling the dynamics of lahars that originate as landslides on the west side of Mount Rainier, Washington Modeling the dynamics of lahars that originate as landslides on the west side of Mount Rainier, Washington

Large lahars pose substantial threats to people and property downstream from Mount Rainier volcano in Washington State. Geologic evidence indicates that these threats exist even during the absence of volcanic activity and that the threats are highest in the densely populated Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys on the west side of the volcano. However, the precise character of these...
Authors
David L. George, Richard M. Iverson, Charles M. Cannon

Yellowstone Volcano Observatory 2021 annual report Yellowstone Volcano Observatory 2021 annual report

The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) monitors volcanic and hydrothermal activity associated with the Yellowstone magmatic system, carries out research into magmatic processes occurring beneath Yellowstone Caldera, and issues timely warnings and guidance related to potential future geologic hazards. This report summarizes the activities and findings of YVO during the year 2021...
Authors

The Volcano Hazards Program — Strategic science plan for 2022–2026 The Volcano Hazards Program — Strategic science plan for 2022–2026

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program (VHP) Strategic Science Plan, developed through discussion with scientists-in-charge of the USGS volcano observatories and the director of the USGS Volcano Science Center, specifies six major strategic goals to be pursued over the next 5 years. The purpose of these goals is to help fulfill the USGS VHP mission to enhance public...
Authors
Charlie Mandeville, Peter F. Cervelli, Victoria F. Avery, Aleeza Wilkins

Complex magmatic-tectonic interactions during the 2020 Makushin Volcano, Alaska, earthquake swarm Complex magmatic-tectonic interactions during the 2020 Makushin Volcano, Alaska, earthquake swarm

On June 15, 2020, at 21:16 UTC, a locally-felt earthquake of magnitude 4.2 struck Unalaska Island, Alaska, ∼15 km west of the town of Unalaska and the large fishing port of Dutch Harbor. The event was followed by a M4.1 earthquake at 00:34 UTC and several M3+ aftershocks, initiating a prolific sequence with hundreds of earthquakes recorded into late December. The earthquakes all locate...
Authors
Federica Lanza, Diana Roman, John Power, Clifford H. Thurber, Thomas Hudson

Middle and late Miocene marine mammal assemblages from the Monterey Formation of Orange County, California Middle and late Miocene marine mammal assemblages from the Monterey Formation of Orange County, California

This study provides new stratigraphic data and identifications for fossil marine mammals from the Monterey Formation in the Capistrano syncline, Orange County, California, showing that there are two distinct marine mammal assemblages. Until now, marine mammals from the Monterey Formation of Orange County have been considered to represent a single assemblage that is 13.0–10.0 Ma in age...
Authors
James F. Parham, John A. Barron, Jorge Velez-Juarbe

Olivine and glass chemistry record cycles of plumbing system recovery after summit collapse events at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i Olivine and glass chemistry record cycles of plumbing system recovery after summit collapse events at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

The eruptive activity of Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai‘i) in the past 2500 years has alternated between centuries-long periods dominated either by explosive or effusive eruptions. The onset of explosive periods appears to be marked by caldera collapse events at the volcano's summit accompanied by draining of Kīlauea's magmatic plumbing system. Here we leverage >1800 olivine forsterite (Fo)...
Authors
Kendra J. Lynn, Donald A. Swanson

A golden era for volcanic gas geochemistry? A golden era for volcanic gas geochemistry?

The exsolution, rise, expansion, and separation of volatiles from magma provides the driving force behind both effusive and explosive volcanic eruptions. The field of volcanic gas geochemistry therefore plays a key role in understanding volcanism. In this article, we summarize the most important findings of the past few decades and how these shape today’s understanding of volcanic...
Authors
Christoph Kern, Alessandro Aiuppa, J. Maarten de Moor

The ~400 yr B.P. eruption of Half Cone, a post-caldera composite cone within Aniakchak caldera, Alaska Peninsula The ~400 yr B.P. eruption of Half Cone, a post-caldera composite cone within Aniakchak caldera, Alaska Peninsula

Aniakchak volcano is a historically active caldera located on the central Alaska Peninsula. The largest eruption from Aniakchak since the ~3,400 yr B.P. caldera-forming eruption occurred ~400 yr B.P. from Half Cone volcano, an intracaldera composite cone on the northwest floor of the Aniakchak caldera that was largely destroyed by the eruption. The ~400 yr B.P. eruption produced a widely...
Authors
Brandon Browne, Christina A. Neal, Charles R. Bacon
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